Beliefs and social norms about ephedra onset and perceived addiction among college male and female athletes

Substance Use and Misuse

Volumn 40, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 125-135

  Peters Jr , Ronald J ^b   Adams, Lamar F ^a   Barnes, Joshua B ^a   Hines, Larissa A ^a   Jones, Dallese E ^a   Krebs, Kandi M A ^a   Kelder, Steve H ^b  

^a PRAIRIE VIEW A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

Athletes; Drugs; Ephedra; Norms; Social

Indexed keywords

EPHEDRA EXTRACT;

ARTICLE; ATHLETE; ATTITUDE; AWARENESS; DRUG DEPENDENCE; DRUG USE; EPHEDRA; FEMALE; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SELF CONCEPT; SELF EVALUATION; SEX DIFFERENCE; SOCIAL ADAPTATION; TRAINING; UNITED STATES; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AFRICAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; BODY WEIGHT; CULTURE; DOPING IN SPORTS; EPHEDRA; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; FEMALE; HEALTH KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, PRACTICE; HUMANS; MALE; MOTIVATION; PHYSICAL FITNESS; SEX FACTORS; SOCIAL VALUES; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES; STUDENTS; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS; SYMPATHOMIMETICS;

EID: 12544252255     PISSN: 10826084     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1081/JA-200030517     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Abrahamson, A. (August 11, 2001). Wheeler used supplement. Los Angeles Times, Sports section D1, D9.
2. Azjen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 50:179-211.
3. Astrup, A., Buemann, B., Christensen, N. J., Toubro, S., Thorbek, G., Victor, O. J., Quaade, F. (1992). The effect of ephedrine/caffeine mixture on energy expenditure and body composition in obese women. Metabolism 41:686-688.
4. Bell, D. G., Jacobs, I. (1999). Combined caffeine and ephedrine ingestion improve run times of Canadian Forces Warrior Test. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 70:325-329.
5. Bell, D. G., Jacobs, I., Zamecnik, J. (1998). Effects of caffeine ephedrine and their combination on time to exhaustion during high-intensity exercise. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol. 77:427-433.
6. Bell, D. G., Jacobs, I., Ellerington, K. (2001). Effect of caffeine and ephedrine ingestion on anaerobic exercise performance. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 33:1399-1403.
7. Bell, D. G., Jacobs, I., McLeelan, T. M., Miyazaki, M., Sabiston, C. M. (1999). Thermal regulation in the heat during exercise after caffeine and ephedrine ingestion. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 70:583-588.
8. Bell, D. G., Jacobs, I., McLellan, T. M., Zamecnik, J. (2000). Reducing the dose of combined caffeine and ephedrine preserves the ergogenic effect. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 71:415-419.
9. Boozer, C. N., Daly, P. A., Homel, P., Solomon, J. L., Blanchard, D., Nasser, J. A., Strauss, R., Meredith, T. (2002). Herbal ephedra/caffeine for weight loss. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 26:593-604.
10. Boozer, C. N., Nasser, J. A., Heymsfield, S. B., Wang, V., Chen, G., Solomon, J. L. (2001). An herbal supplement containing Ma Huang-Guarana for weight loss. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Discord. 25:316-324.
11. Buemann, B., Marckmann, P., Christensen, N. J., Astrup, A. (1994). The effect of ephedrine plus caffeine on plasma lipids and lipoproteins during a 4.2 MJ/day diet. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 18:329-332.
12. Carey, B. (August 27, 2001). Risks of ephedra usage in spotlight. Los Angeles Times, Sports section D11, D13.
13. Colker, C. M., Swain, M. A., Lynch, L. (2001). A pilot study evaluating the effects of an ephedrine and forskolin-based product on body weight and body composition in overweight, healthy women [abstract]. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 20:98.
14. Daly, P. A., Krieger, D. R., Dulloo, A. G., Young, J. B., Landsberg, L. (1993). Ephedrine, caffeine and aspirin. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 17(suppl. 1):573-578.
15. Department of Health and Human Services. (June 14, 2002). HHS announces plans to study ephedra. HHS News. Available at http://wwwHhs.gov/news/press/ 2002press20020614.html (Accessibility verified February 17, 2003).
16. Foster, S., Tyler, V. E. (1999). Tyler's Honest Herbal: A Sensible Guide to the Use of Herbs and Related Remedies. Binghamton, NY: The Harworth Press Inc.
17. Glanz, K., Lewis, F. M., Rimer, B. K. (1997). Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory Research, and Practice. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
18. Haller, C. A., Benowitz, N. L. (2000). Adverse cardiovascular and central nervous system events associated with dietary supplements containing ephedra alkaloids. N. Engl. J. Med. 343:1833-1838.
19. Kalman, D. S., Colker, C. M., Shi, Q., Swain, M. A. (2000). Effects of a weight-loss aid in healthy overweight adults. Curr. Ther. Res. Clin. Exp. 61:199-205.
20. Kettle, R., Turbo, S., Astrup, A. (1998). Ephedrine/caffeine enhances abdominal fat loss in females. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 22(suppl. 3):S264.
21. Krueger, R. A. (1994). Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications.
22. Malchow-Moller, A., Larsen, S., Hey, H., Stockholm, K. H., Juhl, E., Quaade, F. (1981). Ephedrine as an anorectic: the story of the "Elsinore pill." Int. J. Obes. 5:183-187.
23. Molnar, D., Torok, K., Erhardt, E., Jeges, S. (2000). Safety and efficacy of treatment with an ephedrine/caffeine mixture. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 24:1573-1578.
24. Pasquali, R., Baraldi, G., Cesari, M. P., Melchionda, N., Zamboni, M., Stefanini, C., Raitano, A. (1985). A controlled trial using ephedrine in the treatment of obesity. Int. J. Obes. 9:93-98.
25. Pasternak, H., Jacobs, I., Bell, D. (1999). Effect of ingesting caffeine and Ephedrine on muscular endurance. Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 24:471.
26. Rotblatt, M., Ziment, I. (2002). Evidence-Based Herbal Medicine. Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus.
27. Sameunk, D., Link, M. S., Homuod, M. K., Conteras, R., Theohardes, T. C., Wang, P. J., Samenuk, D., Link, M. S., Homoud, M. K., Contreras, R., Theohardes, T. C., Wang, P. J., Estes, N. A. (2002). Adverse cardiovascular events temporally associated with Ma Haung, an herbal source of ephedrine. Mayo. Clin. Proc. 77(1):12-16.
28. Shekelle, P., Hardy, M., Suttorp, M., Roth, E., Junvig, L., Mojica, W., Gagne, J., Rhodes, S., McKinnon, E., Morton, S., Maglione, M. (2003). Ephedra and Ephedrine for Weight Loss and Athletic Performance Enhancement: Clinical Efficacy and Side Effects, Evidence Report/Technology Assessment No. 76 (Prepared by Southern California Evidence-based Practice Center. RAND, under Contract No 290-97-0001, Task Order No. 9); AHRQ Publication No. 03-E022, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality: Rockville MD, February 2003.
29. Theoharides, T. C. (1997). Sudden death of a healthy college student related to ephedrine toxicity from a Ma Haung-containing drink. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 17:437-439.
30. Vahedi, K., Domingo, V., Amarenco, P., Bousser, M. G. (2000). Ischamnic stroke in a sportsman who consumed Ma Haung extract and creatine monohydrate for body building [Letter]. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 68:112-113.
31. Van Mil, E., Molnar, D. (2000). Drug treatment in obese adolescents. Int. J. Obes. 24(suppl. 1):S184.