Using in vitro models for expression profiling studies on ethanol and drugs of abuse

Addiction Biology

Volumn 10, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 53-62

  Thibault, Christelle ^a   Hassan, Sajida ^b   Miles, Michael F ^b  

^a INSTITUT DE GÉNÉTIQUE ET DE BIOLOGIE MOLÉCULAIRE ET CELLULAIRE   (France)

^b VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL; CANNABINOID; LYSERGIDE; NICOTINE; OPIATE DERIVATIVE; PSYCHEDELIC AGENT;

ALCOHOLISM; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR; CELL CULTURE; CELL LINE; CYTOTOXICITY; DISEASE MODEL; DNA MICROARRAY; DRUG DEPENDENCE; GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING; GENOMICS; HUMAN; IN VITRO STUDY; NERVE CELL; NEUROBIOLOGY; NONHUMAN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

ALCOHOLISM; ANIMALS; BRAIN; CANNABINOIDS; CELLS, CULTURED; ETHANOL; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING; HALLUCINOGENS; HUMANS; LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE; NARCOTICS; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAY SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS;

EID: 12444286735     PISSN: 13556215     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13556210412331308949     Document Type: Article

References (103)

1. Amundson SA, Bittner M, Chen Y, Trent J, Meltzer P, Fornace AJ Jr (1999) Fluorescent cDNA microarray hybridization reveals complexity and heterogeneity of cellular genotoxic stress responses. Oncogene 18:3666-3672.
2. Bakay M, Chen YW, Borup R, Zhao P, Nagaraju K, Hoffman EP (2002) Sources of variability and effect of experimental approach on expression profiling data interpretation. BMC Bioinformatics 3:4.
3. Baker TK, Carfagna MA, Gao H, Dow ER, Li Q, Searfoss GH, Ryan TP (2001) Temporal gene expression analysis of monolayer cultured rat hepatocytes. Chem Res Toxicol 14:1218-1231.
4. Barczak A, Rodriguez MW, Hanspers K, Koth LL, Tai YC, Bolstad BM, Speed TP, Erie DJ (2003) Spotted long oligonucleotide arrays for human gene expression analysis. Genome Res 13:1775-1785.
5. Biola O, Angel JM, Avner P, Bachmanov AA, Belknap JK, Bennett B, Blankenhorn EP, Blizard DA, Bolivar V, Brockmann GA, Buck KJ, Bureau JF, Casley WL, Chesler EJ, Cheverud JM, Churchill GA, Cook M, Crabbe JC, Crusio WE, Darvasi A, de Haan G, Dermant P, Doerge RW, Elliot RW, Farber CR, Flaherty L, Flint J, Gershenfeld H, Gibson JP, Gu J, Gu W, Himmelbauer H, Hitzemann R, Hsu HC, Hunter K, Iraqi FF, Jansen RC, Johnson TE, Jones BC, Kempermann G, Lammert F, Lu L, Manly KF, Matthews DB, Medrano JF, Mehrabian M, Mittlemann G, Mock BA, Mogil JS, Montagutelli X, Morahan G, Mountz JD, Nagase H, Nowakowski RS, O'Hara BF, Osadchuk AV, Paigen B, Palmer AA, Peirce JL, Pomp D, Rosemann M, Rosen GD, Schalkwyk LC, Seltzer Z, Settle S, Shimomura K, Shou S, Sikela JM, Siracusa LD, Spearow JL, Teuscher C, Threadgill DW, Toth LA, Toye AA, Vadasz C, Van Zant G, Wakeland E, Williams RW, Zhang HG, Zou F (2003) The nature and identification of quantitative trait loci: a community's view. Nat Rev Genet 4:911-916.
6. Boer VM, de Winde JH, Pronk JT, Piper MD (2003) The genome-wide transcriptional responses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown on glucose in aerobic chemostat cultures limited for carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, or sulfur. J Biol Chem 278:3265-3274.
7. Bosch-Morell F, Martinez-Soriano F, Colell A, Fernandez-Checa JC, Romero FJ (1998) Chronic ethanol feeding induces cellular antioxidants decrease and oxidative stress in rat peripheral nerves. Effect of S-adenosyl-L-methionine and N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Free Rad Biol Med 25:365-368.
8. Bumke MA, Neri D, Elia G (2003) Modulation of gene expression by extracellular pH variations in human fibroblasts: a transcriptomic and proteomic study. Proteomics 3:675-688.
9. Butte AJ, Tamayo P, Slonim D, Golub TR, Kohane IS (2000) Discovering functional relationships between RNA expression and chemotherapeutic susceptibility using relevance networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:12182-12186.
10. Causton HC, Ren B, Koh SS, Harbison CT, Kanin E, Jennings EG, Lee TI, True HL, Lander ES, Young RA (2001) Remodeling of yeast genome expression in response to environmental changes. Mol Biol Cell 12:323-337.
11. Certa U, Seiler M, Padovan E, Spagnoli GC (2001) High density oligonucleotide array analysis of interferon- alpha2a sensitivity and transcriptional response in melanoma cells. Br J Cancer 85:107-114.
12. Charness ME, Gordon AS, Diamond I (1983) Ethanol modulation of opiate receptors in cultured neural cells. Science 222:1246-1248.
13. Cho RJ, Huang M, Campbell MJ, Dong H, Steinmetz L, Sapinoso L, Hampton G, Elledge SJ, Davis RW, Lockhart DJ (2001) Transcriptional regulation and function during the human cell cycle. Nat Genet 27:48-54.
14. Chu S, DeRisi J, Eisen M, Mulholland J, Botstein D, Brown PO, Herskowitz I (1998) The transcriptional program of sporulation in budding yeast. Science 282:699-705.
15. Cooper S, Shedden K (2003) Microarray analysis of gene expression during the cell cycle. Cell Chromosome 2:1.
16. Coser KR, Chesnes J, Hur J, Ray S, Isselbacher KJ, Shioda T (2003) Global analysis of ligand sensitivity of estrogen inducible and suppressible genes in MCF7/BUS breast cancer cells by DNA microarray. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:13994-13999.
17. Culhane AC, Perriere G, Higgins DG (2003) Cross-platform comparison and visualisation of gene expression data using co-inertia analysis. BMC Bioinformatics 4:59.
18. Dan S, Tsunoda T, Kitahara O, Yanagawa R, Zembutsu H, Katagiri T, Yamazaki K, Nakamura Y, Yamori T (2002) An integrated database of chemosensitivity to 55 anticancer drugs and gene expression profiles of 39 human cancer cell lines. Cancer Res 62:1139-1147.
19. Daniels GM, Buck KJ (2002) Expression profiling identifies strain-specific changes associated with ethanol withdrawal in mice. Genes Brain Behav 1:35-45.
20. Derocq JM, Jbilo O, Bouaboula M, Segui M, Clere C, Casellas P (2000) Genomic and functional changes induced by the activation of the peripheral cannabinoid receptor CB2 in the promyelocytic cells HL-60. Possible involvement of the CB2 receptor in cell differentiation. J Biol Chem 275:15621-15628.
21. Dow GS (2003) Effect of sample size and P-value filtering techniques on the detection of transcriptional changes induced in rat neuroblastoma (NG108) cells by mefloquine. Malar J 2:4.
22. Dunckley T, Lukas RJ (2003) Nicotine modulates the expression of a diverse set of genes in the neuronal SH-SY5Y cell line. J Biol Chem 278:15633-15640.
23. Eisen MB, Spellman PT, Brown PO, Botstein D (1998) Cluster analysis and display of genome-wide expression patterns. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:14863-14868.
24. Geschwind DH (2000) Mice, microarrays, and the genetic diversity of the brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:10676-10678.
25. Gonzalez-Maeso J, Yuen T, Ebersole BJ, Wurmbach E, Lira A, Zhou M, Weisstaub N, Hen R, Gingrich JA, Sealfon SC (2003) Transcriptome fingerprints distinguish hallucinogenic and non-hallucinogenic 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor agonist effects in mouse somatosensory cortex. J Neurosci 23:8836-8843.
26. Gunther EC, Stone DJ, Gerwien RW, Bento P, Heyes MP (2003) Prediction of clinical drug efficacy by classification of drug-induced genomic expression profiles in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:9608-9613.
27. Hajjar DP, Pomerantz KB (1992) Signal transduction in atherosclerosis: integration of cytokines and the eicosanoid network. FASEB J 6:2933-2941.
28. Harries HM, Fletcher ST, Duggan CM, Baker VA (2001) The use of genomics technology to investigate gene expression changes in cultured human liver cells. Toxicol In Vitro 15:399-405.
29. Hassan S, Duong B, Kim KS, Miles MF (2003) Pharmacogenomic analysis of mechanisms mediating ethanol regulation of dopamine beta-hydroxylase. J Biol Chem 278:38860-38869.
30. Heyer LJ, Kruglyak S, Yooseph S (1999) Exploring expression data: identification and analysis of coexpressed genes. Genome Res 9:1106-1115.
31. Higuchi H, Kurose I, Kato S, Miura S, Ishii H (1996) Ethanol-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in hepatocytes. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 20:340A-346A.
32. Hiremagalur B, Nankova B, Nitahara J, Zeman R, Sabban EL (1993) Nicotine increases expression of tyrosine hydroxylase gene. Involvement of protein kinase A-mediated pathway. J Biol Chem 268:23704-23711.
33. Hodge CW, Slawecki CJ, Aiken AS (1996) Norepinephrine and serotonin receptors in the paraventricular nucleus interactively modulate ethanol consumption. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 20:1669-1674.
34. Hoffman PL, Miles M, Edenberg HJ, Sommer W, Tabakoff B, Wehner JM, Lewohl J (2003) Gene expression in brain: a window on ethanol dependence, neuroadaptation, and preference. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 27:155-168.
35. Hong Y, Muller UR, Lai F (2003) Discriminating two classes of toxicants through expression analysis of HepG2 cells with DNA arrays. Toxicol In Vitro 17:85-92.
36. Hughes TR, Mao M, Jones AR, Burchard J, Marton MJ, Shannon KW, Lefkowitz SM, Ziman M, Schelter JM, Meyer MR, Kobayashi S, Davis C, Dai H, He YD, Stephaniants SB, Cavet G, Walker WL, West A, Coffey E, Shoemaker DD, Stoughton R, Blanchard AP, Friend SH, Linsley PS (2001) Expression profiling using microarrays fabricated by an ink-jet oligonucleotide synthesizer. Nat Biotechnol 19:342-347.
37. Irizarry RA, Bolstad BM, Collin F, Cope LM, Hobbs B, Speed TP (2003) Summaries of Affymetrix GeneChip probe level data. Nucleic Acids Res 31:e15.
38. Ishida T, Takahashi M, Corson MA, Berk BC (1997) Fluid shear stress-mediated signal transduction: how do endothelial cells transduce mechanical force into biological responses? Ann NY Acad Sci 811:12-23; discussion 23-14.
39. Iyer VR, Eisen MB, Ross DT, Schuler G, Moore T, Lee JC, Trent JM, Staudt LM, Hudson J, Jr, Boguski MS, Lashkari D, Shalon D, Botstein D, Brown PO (1999) The transcriptional program in the response of human fibroblasts to serum. Science 283:83-87.
40. Jbilo O, Derocq JM, Segui M, Le Fur G, Casellas P (1999) Stimulation of peripheral cannabinoid receptor CB2 induces MCP-I and IL-8 gene expression in human promyelocytic cell line HL60. FEBS Lett 448:273-277.
41. Ji J, Chen X, Leung SY, Chi JT, Chu KM, Yuen ST, Li R, Chan AS, Li J, Dunphy N, So S (2002) Comprehensive analysis of the gene expression profiles in human gastric cancer cell lines. Oncogene 21:6549-6556.
42. Kane MD, Jatkoe TA, Stumpf CR, Lu J, Thomas JD, Madore SJ (2000) Assessment of the sensitivity and specificity of oligonucleotide (50mer) microarrays. Nucleic Acids Res 28:4552-4557.
43. Kerns RT, Zhang L, Miles MF (2003) Application of the S-score algorithm for analysis of oligonucleotide microarrays. Methods 31:274-281.
44. Konu O, Kane JK, Barrett T, Vawter MP, Chang R, Ma JZ, Donovan DM, Sharp B, Becker KG, Li MD (2001) Region-specific transcriptional response to chronic nicotine in rat brain. Brain Res 909:194-203.
45. Konu O, Xu X, Ma JZ, Kane J, Wang J, Shi SJ, Li MD (2004) Application of a customized pathway-focused microarray for gene expression profiling of cellular homeostasis upon exposure to nicotine in PC12 cells. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 121: 102-113.
46. Koob GF (1996) Drug addiction: the yin and yang of hedonic homeostasis. Neuron 16:893-896.
47. Kothapalli R, Yoder SJ, Mane S, Loughran TP, Jr (2002) Microarray results: how accurate are they? BMC Bioinformatics 3:22.
48. Kuo WP, Jenssen TK, Butte AJ, Ohno-Machado L, Kohane IS (2002) Analysis of matched mRNA measurements from two different microarray technologies. Bioinformatics 18:405-412.
49. Kurose I, Higuchi H, Kato S, Miura S, Ishii H (1996) Ethanol-induced oxidative stress in the liver. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 20:77A-85A.
50. Lee JK, Bussey KJ, Gwadry FG, Reinhold W, Riddick G, Pelletier SL, Nishizuka S, Szakacs G, Annereau JP, Shankavaram U, Lababidi S, Smith LH, Gottesman MM, Weinstein JN (2003) Comparing cDNA and oligonucleotide array data: concordance of gene expression across platforms for the NCI-60 cancer cells. Genome Biol 4:R82.
51. Li C, Wong WH (2001) Model-based analysis of oligonucleotide arrays: expression index computation and outlier detection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:31-36.
52. Li J, Pankratz M, Johnson JA (2002) Differential gene expression patterns revealed by oligonucleotide versus long cDNA arrays. Toxicol Sci 69:383-390.
53. Lockhart DJ, Dong H, Byrne MC, Follettie MT, Gallo MV, Chee MS, Mittmann M, Wang C, Kobayashi M, Horton H, Brown EL (1996) Expression monitoring by hybridization to high-density oligonucleotide arrays. Nat Biotechnol 14:1675-1680.
54. Loguinov AV, Anderson LM, Crosby GJ, Yukhananov RY (2001) Gene expression following acute morphine administration. Physiol Genomics 6:169-181.
55. Luo L, Salunga RC, Guo H, Bittner A, Joy KC, Galindo JE, Xiao H, Rogers KE, Wan JS, Jackson MR, Erlander MG (1999) Gene expression profiles of laser-captured adjacent neuronal subtypes. Nat Med 5:117-122.
56. Miles MF, Barhite S, Sganga M, Elliott M (1993) Phosducin-like protein: an ethanol-responsive potential modulator of guanine nucleotide-binding protein function. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:10831-10835.
57. s mRNA. Nature 333:848-850.
58. Montoliu C, Sanchotello M, Azorin I, Burgal M, Valles S, Renaupiqueras J, Guerri C (1995) Ethanol increases cytochrome P450-2E1 and induces oxidative stress in astrocytes. J Neurochem 65:2561-2570.
59. Moore MS, DeZazzo J, Luk AY, Tully T, Singh CM, Heberlein U (1998) Ethanol intoxication in Drosophila: genetic and pharmacological evidence for regulation by the cAMP signalling pathway [see comments]. Cell 93:997-1007.
60. Morgan KT, Casey W, Easton M, Creech D, Ni H, Yoon L, Anderson S, Quails CW, Jr, Crosby LM, MacPherson A, Bloomfield P, Elston TC (2003) Frequent sampling reveals dynamic responses by the transcriptome to routine media replacement in HepG2 cells. Toxicol Pathol 31:448-461.
61. Nagy LE, Diamond I, Gordon A (1988) Cultured lymphocytes from alcoholic subjects have altered cAMP signal transduction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:6973-6976.
62. Nestler EJ, Aghajanian GK (1997) Molecular and cellular basis of addiction. Science 278:58-63.
63. Novak JP, Sladek R, Hudson TJ (2002) Characterization of variability in large-scale gene expression data: implications for study design. Genomics 79:104-113.
64. Pavlidis P, Noble WS (2001) Analysis of strain and regional variation in gene expression in mouse brain. Genome Biol 2:RESEARCH0042.
65. Peddada SD, Lobenhofer EK, Li L, Afshari CA, Weinberg CR, Umbach DM (2003) Gene selection and clustering for time-course and dose-response microarray experiments using order-restricted inference. Bioinformatics 19:834-841.
66. Piper MD, Daran-Lapujade P, Bro C, Regenberg B, Knudsen S, Nielsen J, Pronk JT (2002) Reproducibility of oligonucleotide microarray transcriptome analyses. An interlaboratory comparison using chemostat cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 277:37001-37008.
67. Pritchard CC, Hsu L, Delrovv J, Nelson PS (2001) Project normal: defining normal variance in mouse gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:13266-13271.
68. Quackenbush J (2001) Computational analysis of microarray data. Nat Rev Genet 2:418-427.
69. Rahman S, Miles MF (2001) Identification of novel ethanol-sensitive genes by expression profiling. Pharmacol Ther 92:123-134.
70. Rimondini R, Arlinde C, Sommer W, Heilig M (2002) Long-lasting increase in voluntary ethanol consumption and transcriptional regulation in the rat brain after intermittent exposure to alcohol. FASEB J 16:27-35.
71. Rogojina AT, Orr WE, Song BK, Geisert EE, Jr (2003) Comparing the use of Affymetrix to spotted oligonucleotide microarrays using two retinal pigment epithelium cell lines. Mol Vis 9:482-496.
72. Roivainen R, Hundle B, Messing RO (1995) Ethanol enhances growth factor activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases by a protein kinase C-dependent mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:1891-1895.
73. Ross DT, Scherf U, Eisen MB, Perou CM, Rees C, Spellman P, Iyer V, Jeffrey SS, Van de Rijn M, Waltham M, Pergamenschikov A, Lee JC, Lashkari D, Shalon D, Myers TG, Weinstein JN, Botstein D, Brown PO (2000) Systematic variation in gene expression patterns in human cancer cell lines. Nat Genet 24:227-235.
74. Saito M, Smiley J, Toth R, Vadas C (2002) Microarray analysis of gene expression in rat hippocampus after chronic ethanol treatment. Neurochem Res 27:1221-1229.
75. Samson MT, Small-Howard A, Shimoda LM, Koblan-Huberson M, Stokes AJ, Turner H (2003) Differential roles of CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors in mast cells. J Immunol 170:4953-4962.
76. Schena M, Shalon D, Davis RW, Brown PO (1995) Quantitative monitoring of gene expression patterns with a complementary DNA microarray. Science 270:467-470.
77. Scherf U, Ross DT, Waltham M, Smith LH, Lee JK, Tanabe L, Kohn KW, Reinhold WC, Myers TG, Andrews DT, Scudiero DA, Eisen MB, Sausville EA, Pommier Y, Botstein D, Brown PO, Weinstein JN (2000) A gene expression database for the molecular pharmacology of cancer. Nat Genet 24:236-244.
78. Shedden K, Cooper S (2002) Analysis of cell-cycle-specific gene expression in human cells as determined by microarrays and double-thymidine block synchronization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:4379-4384.
79. Slonim DK (2002) From patterns to pathways: gene expression data analysis comes of age. Nat Genet 32(Suppl):502-508.
80. Sokolov BP, Polesskaya OO, Uhl GR (2003) Mouse brain gene expression changes after acute and chronic amphetamine. J Neurochem 84:244-252.
81. Staunton JE, Slonim DK, Coller HA, Tamayo P, Angelo MJ, Park J, Scherf U, Lee JK, Reinhold WO, Weinstein JN, Mesirov JP, Lander ES, Golub TR (2001) Chemosensitivity prediction by transcriptional profiling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:10787-10792.
82. Sugano N, Shimada K, Ito K, Murai S (1998) Nicotine inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators in U937 cells through modulation of nuclear factor-kappaB activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 252:25-28.
83. Tabakoff B, Hoffman PL, Lee JM, Saito T, Willard B, De Leon-Jones F (1988) Differences in platelet enzyme activity between alcoholics and nonalcoholics. N Engl J Med 318:134-139.
84. Tabakoff B, Bhave SV, Hoffman PL (2003) Selective breeding, quantitative trait locus analysis, and gene arrays identify candidate genes for complex drug-related behaviours. J Neurosci 23:4491-4498.
85. Tan PK, Downey TJ, Spitznagel EL, Jr, Xu P, Fu D, Dimitrov DS, Lempicki RA, Raaka BM, Cam MC (2003) Evaluation of gene expression measurements from commercial microarray platforms. Nucleic Acids Res 31:5676-5684.
86. Tang K, Wu H, Mahata SK, Taupenot L, Rozansky DJ, Farmer RJ, O'Connor DT (1996) Stimulus-transcription coupling in pheochromocytoma cells. Promoter region-specific activation of chromogranin a biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 271:28382-28390.
87. Thibault C, Lai C, Wilke N, Duong B, Olive MF, Rahman S, Dong H, Hodge CW, Lockhart DJ, Miles MF (2000) Expression profiling of neural cells reveals specific patterns of ethanol-responsive gene expression. Mol Pharmacol 58:1593-1600.
88. Thiele TE, Willis B, Stadier J, Reynolds JG, Bernstein IL, McKnight GS (2000) High ethanol consumption and low sensitivity to ethanol-induced sedation in protein kinase A-mutant mice. J Neurosci (online) 20:RC75.
89. Thomas RS, Rank DR, Penn SG, Zastrow GM, Hayes KR, Pande K, Glover E, Silander T, Craven MW, Reddy JK, Jovanovich SB, Bradfield CA (2001) Identification of lexicologically predictive gene sets using cDNA microarrays. Mol Pharmacol 60:1189-1194.
90. Tsai CA, Hsueh HM, Chen JJ (2003) Estimation of false discovery rates in multiple testing: application to gene microarray data. Biometrics 59:1071-1081.
91. Wallqvist A, Rabow AA, Shoemaker RH, Sausville EA, Covell DG (2002) Establishing connections between microarray expression data and chemotherapeutic cancer pharmacology. Mol Cancer Ther 1:311-320.
92. Wand G, Levine M, Zweifel L, Schwindinger W, Abel T (2001) The cAMP-protein kinase A signal transduction pathway modulates ethanol consumption and sedative effects of ethanol. J Neurosci 21:5297-5303.
93. Waring JF, Jolly RA, Ciurlionis R, Lum PY, Praestgaard JT, Morfitt DC, Buratto B, Roberts C, Schadt E, Ulrich RG (2001) Clustering of hepatotoxins based on mechanism of toxicity using gene expression profiles. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 175:28-42.
94. Willins DL, Meltzer HY (1997) Direct injection of 5-HT2A receptor agonists into the medial prefrontal cortex produces a head-twitch response in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 282:699-706.
95. Wurmbach E, Yuen T, Ebersole BJ, Sealfon SC (2001) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor-coupled gene network organization. J Biol Chem 276:47195-47201.
96. Yang YH, Speed T (2002) Design issues for cDNA microarray experiments. Nat Rev Genet 3:579-588.
97. Yao L, Arolfo MP, Dohrman DP, Jiang Z, Fan P, Fuchs S, Janak PH, Gordon AS, Diamond I (2002) Betagamma dimers mediate synergy of dopamine D2 and adenosine A2 receptor-stimulated PKA signalling and regulate ethanol consumption. Cell 109:733-743.
98. Yuen T, Wurmbach E, Ebersole BJ, Ruf F, Pfeffer RL, Sealfon SC (2002) Coupling of GnRH concentration and the GnRH receptor-activated gene program. Mol Endocrinol 16:1145-1153.
99. Zeng AP, Hu WS, Deckwer WD (1998a) Variation of stoichiometric ratios and their correlation for monitoring and control of animal cell cultures. Biotechnol Prog 14:434-441.
100. Zeng AP, Deckwer WD, Hu WS (1998b) Determinants and rate laws of growth and death of hybridoma cells in continuous culture. Biotechnol Bioeng 57:642-654.
101. Zhang S, Day IN, Ye S (2001) Microarray analysis of nicotine-induced changes in gene expression in endothelial cells. Physiol Genomics 5:187-192.
102. Zhang L, Wang L, Ravindranathan A, Miles MF (2002) A new algorithm for analysis of oligonucleotide arrays: application to expression profiling in mouse brain regions. J Mol Biol 317:225-235.
103. Zhang L, Miles MF, Aldape KD (2003) A model of molecular interactions on short oligonucleotide microarrays. Nat Biotechnol 21:818-821.