What Really Happens during the Lachman Test? A Dynamic MRI Analysis of Tibiofemoral Motion

American Journal of Sports Medicine

Volumn 32, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 369-375

  Logan, Martin Charles ^a,c   Williams, Andrew ^b   Lavelle, Jonathon ^b   Gedroyc, Wady ^a   Freeman, Michael ^a  

^a ST MARY S HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b CHELSEA AND WESTMINSTER HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^c NONE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Anterior cruciate ligament; Lachman test; MRI; Tibiofemoral motion

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RUPTURE; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DIAGNOSTIC TEST; FEMALE; FEMUR; HUMAN; KNEE INJURY; KNEE LIGAMENT INJURY; KNEE RADIOGRAPHY; LACHMAN TEST; LEG MOVEMENT; LIGAMENT INJURY; MALE; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TIBIA;

ADULT; AGED; ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; FEMALE; FUNCTIONAL LATERALITY; HUMANS; JOINT INSTABILITY; KNEE INJURIES; KNEE JOINT; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RANGE OF MOTION, ARTICULAR; RUPTURE; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY;

EID: 1242316240     PISSN: 03635465     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0095399703258698     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Butler DL, Noyes FR, Grood ES: Ligamentous restraints to anterior-posterior drawer in the human knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am 62-A: 259-270, 1980
2. Daniel DM, Malcolm LL, Losse G, et al: Instrumented measurement of anterior laxity of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am 67-A: 720-726, 1985
3. Daniel DM, Stone ML, Sachs R, et al: Instrumented measurement of anterior knee laxity in patients with acute anterior cruciate ligament disruption. Am J Sports Med 13: 401-407, 1985
4. Dejour H, Bonnin M: Tibial translation after anterior cruciate ligament rupture. J Bone Joint Surg Br 76-B: 745-749, 1994
5. Dejour H, Walch G, Chambat P, et al: Active subluxation in extension: A new concept of study of the ACL deficient knee. Am J Knee Surg 1: 204-211, 1988
6. Dye SF, Wojtys EM, Fu F, et al: Factors contributing to function of the knee joint after injury or reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. J Bone Joint Surg Am 80-A: 1380-1393, 1998
7. Frank CB, Jackson DW: The science of reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. J Bone Joint Surg Am 79-A: 1556-1576, 1997
8. Franklin JL, Rosenber TD, Paulos LE, et al: Radiographic assessment of instability of the knee due to rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament: A quadriceps contraction technique. J Bone Joint Surg Am 73-A: 365-372, 1991
9. Fukubayashi T, Torzilli PA, Sherman MF, et al: An in vitro biomechanical evaluation of anterior posterior motion of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am 64-A: 258-264, 1982
10. Girgis F, Marshall J, Monajem A: The cruciate ligaments of the knee joint. Clin Orthop 106: 216-231, 1975
11. Harilainen A, Myllynen P, Rauste J, et al: Diagnosis of acute knee ligament injuries: The value of stress radiography compared with clinical examination, stability under anaesthesia and arthroscopic or operative findings. Ann Chir Et Gynaecol 75: 37-43, 1986
12. Hejgaard N, Sandberg H, Hede A, et al: The course of differently treated isolated ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament as observed by prospective stress radiography. Clin Orthop 182: 236-241, 1984
13. Hill PF, Vedi V, Williams A, et al: Tibiofemoral movement 2: The loaded and unloaded living knee studied by MRI. J Bone Joint Surg Br 82-B: 1196-1198, 2000
14. Hooper GJ: Radiological assessment of anterior cruciate ligament deficiency. J Bone Joint Surg Br 68-B: 292-296, 1986
15. Iwaki H, Pinskerova V, Freeman MAR: Tibiofemoral movement 1: The shapes and relative movements of the femur and tibia in the unloaded cadaveric knee. J Bone Joint Surg Br 82-B: 1189-1195, 2000
16. Jacobsen K: Stress radiographical measurement of the anteroposterior, medial and lateral stability of the knee joint. Acta Orthop Scand 47: 335-344, 1976
17. Jonsson T, Althoff B, Peterson L, et al: Clinical diagnosis of ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament: A comparative study of the Lachman test and the anterior drawer sign. Am J Sports Med 10: 100-102, 1982
18. Kobayashi S, Terayama K: Quantitative stress radiography for diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament deficiency. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 112: 109-112, 1993
19. Kennedy JC, Fowler PJ: Medial and anterior instability of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am 53-A: 1257-1270, 1971
20. Lee JK, Yao L, Phelps CT, et al: Anterior cruciate ligament tears: MR imaging compared with arthroscopy and clinical tests. Radiology 166: 861-864, 1988
21. Lerat JL, Moyen BL, Cladiere F, et al: Knee instability after injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (quantification of the Lachman test). J Bone Joint Surg Br 82-B: 42-47, 2000
22. Lipke JM, Janecki CJ, Nelson CL, et al: The role of incompetence of the anterior cruciate and lateral ligaments in anterolateral and anteromedial instability. J Bone Joint Surg Am 63-A: 954-959, 1981
23. Markolf K, Kochan A, Amstutz H: Measurement of knee stiffness and laxity in patients with documented absence of the anterior cruciate ligament. J Bone Joint Surg Am 66(2): 242-252, 1984
24. Martelli S, Pinskerova V: The shapes of the tibial and femoral articular surfaces in relation to tibiofemoral movement. J Bone Joint Surg Br 84-B: 607-613, 2002
25. Mink JH, Levy T, Crues JV: Tears of the anterior cruciate ligament and menisci of the knee: MR imaging evaluation. Radiology 167: 769-774, 1988
26. Pearle AD, Daniel BL, Bergman AG, et al: Joint motion in an open MR unit using MR tracking. J Magn Reson Imaging 10: 8-14, 1999
27. Sherman OH, Markolf KL, Ferkel RD: Measurements of anterior laxity in normal and anterior cruciate absent knees with two instrumented test devices. Clin Orthop 215: 156-161, 1987
28. Shoemaker SC, Markolf KL: The role of the meniscus in the anterior-posterior stability of the loaded anterior cruciate-deficient knee: Effects of partial versus total excision. J Bone Joint Surg Am 68-A: 71-79, 1986
29. Snyder-Mackler L, Fitzgerald GK, Bartolozzi AR, et al: The relationship between passive joint laxity and functional outcome after anterior cruciate ligament injury. Am J Sports Med 25: 191-195, 1997
30. Stäubli H-U, Noesberger B, Jakob RP: Stress radiography of the knee: Cruciate ligament function studies in 138 patients. Acta Orthop Scand (suppl) 249: 1-27, 1992
31. Steiner ME, Brown C, Zarins B, et al: Measurement of anterior-posterior displacement of the knee: A comparison of the results with instrumented devices and with clinical examination. J Bone Joint Surg Am 72-A: 1307-1315, 1990
32. Torg JS, Conrad W, Kalen V: Clinical diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament instability in the athlete. Am J Sports Med 4: 84-93, 1976
33. Vedi V, Williams A, Tennant SJ, et al: Meniscal movement: An in vivo study using dynamic MRI. J Bone Joint Surg Br 81-B: 37-41, 1999