The impact of Quaternary Ice Ages on mammalian evolution

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

Volumn 359, Issue 1442, 2004, Pages 221-241

  Lister, Adrian M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Ecophenotypic flexibility; Evolutionary rates; Macroevolution; Quaternary mammals; Speciation

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; EVOLUTION; MAMMAL; QUATERNARY; SPECIATION (BIOLOGY);

ANIMALIA; MAMMALIA; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 1242277874     PISSN: 09628436     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2003.1436     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (121)

1. Alroy, J., Koch, P. L. & Zachos, J. C. 2000 Global climate change and North American mammalian evolution. Paleobiology 26(Suppl.), 259-288.
2. Avise, J. 2000 Phylogeography: the history and formation of species. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
3. Avise, J. C., Walker, D. & Johns, G. C. 1998 Speciation durations and Pleistocene effects on vertebrate phylogeography. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 265, 1707-1712. (DOI 10.1098/rspb.1998.0492.)
4. Barnes, I., Matheus, P., Shapiro, B., Jensen, D. & Cooper, A. 2001 Dynamics of Pleistocene population extinctions in Beringian brown bears. Science 295, 2267-2270.
5. Barnosky, A. D. 2001 Distinguishing the effects of the Red Queen and Court Jester on Miocene mammal evolution in the northern Rocky Mountains. J. Vert. Palaeont. 21, 172-185.
6. Barnosky, A. D. & Bell, C. J. 2003 Evolution, climatic change and species boundaries: perspectives from tracing Lemmiscus curtatus populations through time and space. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 270, 2585-2590. (DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2543.)
7. Bennett, K. D. 1990 Milankovitch cycles and their effects on species in ecological and evolutionary time. Paleobiology 16, 11-21.
8. Boeskorov, G. G. 2001 The systematics and origin of the modern moose. Novosibirsk, Russia: Academy of Sciences of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic.
9. Bonifay, M.-F. 1971 Carnivores quaternaries du sud-est de la France. Mem. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. N.S. Ser. C21, 43-377.
10. Cardillo, M. & Lister, A. 2002 Death in the slow lane. Nature 419, 440-441.
11. Conradt, L. 2000 Use of a seaweed habitat by red deer (Cervus elaphus). J. Zool. Lond. 250, 541-549.
12. Conroy, C. J. & Cook, J. A. 2000 Molecular systematics of a holarctic rodent (Microtus: Muridae). J. Mammal. 81, 344-359.
13. Conroy, C. J. & van Tuinen, M. 2003 Extracting time from phylogenies: positive interplay between fossil and genetic data. J. Mammal. 84, 444-455.
14. Coope, G. R. 1979 Late Cenozoic fossil Coleoptera: evolution, biogeography, and ecology. A. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 10, 247-267.
15. de Vos, J. 1984 The endemic Pleistocene deer of Crete. Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wet. Afd. Natuurk., Erste Reeks 31, 1-100.
16. Dynesius, M. & Jansson, R. 2000 Evolutionary consequences of changes in species' geographical distributions driven by Milankovitch climate oscillations. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97, 9115-9120.
17. Elias, S. A., Short, S. K., Nelson, C. H. & Birks, H. H. 1996 Life and times of the Bering land bridge. Nature 382, 60-63.
18. Falconer, D. S. 1981 Introduction to quantitative genetics, 2nd edn. London: Longman.
19. Fedorov, V. B., Goropashnaya, A. V., Jaarola, M. & Cook, A. 2003 Phylogeography of lemmings (Lemmus): no evidence for postglacial colonization of Arctic from the Beringian refugium. Mol. Ecol. 12, 725-731.
20. Foote, M. 2000 Origination and extinctions components of taxonomic diversity: general problems. In Deep time: paleobiology's perspective (ed. D. H. Erwin & S. L. Wing), Paleobiology 26(Suppl.), 74-102.
21. Forsyth, D. M. & Fraser, K. W. 1999 Seasonal changes in the rumen morphology of Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus) in the Two Thumb Range, South Island, New Zealand. J. Zool. Lond. 249, 241-248.
22. Fortelius, M., Werdelin, L., Andrews, P., Bernor, R., Gentry, A., Humphrey, L., Mittmann, H.-W. & Viratana, S. 1996 Provinciality, diversity, turnover, and paleoecology in land mammal faunas of the later Miocene of Western Eurasia. In The evolution of western Eurasian Neogene mammal faunas (ed. R. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch & H.-W. Mittmann), pp. 414-448. New York: Columbia University Press.
23. Geist, V. 1971 The relation of social evolution and dispersal in ungulates during the Pleistocene, with emphasis on the Old World Deer and the genus Bison. Quatern. Res. 1, 285-315.
24. Gomulkiewicz, R. & Kirkpatrick, M. 1992 Quantitative genetics and the evolution of reaction norms. Evolution 46, 390-411.
25. Gould, S. J. & Vrba, E. S. 1982 Exaptation: a missing term in the science of form. Paleobiology 8, 4-15.
26. Graham, R. W. (and 19 others) 1996 Spatial response of mammals to late Quaternary environmental fluctuations. Science 272, 1601-1606.
27. Grubb, P. 2000 Morphoclinal evolution in ungulates. In Antelopes, deer and relatives (ed. E. S. Vrba & G. B. Scahller), pp. 156-170. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
28. Guérin, C. 1980 Les rhinocéros (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) du Miocène terminal au Pléistocène supérieur en Europe occidentale. Comparaison avec les espèces actuelles. Documents Laboratoire Géologie Lyon 79 (vols 1-3).
29. Guthrie, R. D. 1990 Frozen fauna of the mammoth steppe: the story of Blue Babe. University of Chicago Press.
30. Guthrie, R. D. 1995 Mammalian evolution in response to the Pleistocene-Holocene transition and the break-up of the mammoth steppe: two case studies. Acta Zool. Cracov. 38, 139-154.
31. Guthrie, R. D. & Matthews, J. V. 1971 The Cape Deceit fauna: Early Pleistocene mammalian assemblage from the Alaskan Arctic. Quatern. Res. 1, 474-510.
32. Heaney, L. R. 1986 Biogeography of mammals in SE Asia: estimates of rates of colonization, extinction and speciation. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 28, 127-165.
33. Heptner, V. G., Nasimovitch, A. A. & Bannikov, A. G. 1961 Mammals of the Soviet Union, vol. 1. Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla. Moscow: Vysshaya Shkola Publishers. [In Russian; English translation 1998, published for the Smithsonian Institution Libraries and the National Science Foundation, Washington DC, by Amerind Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, India.]
34. Hewitt, G. M. 1996 Some genetic consequences of ice ages, and their role in divergence and speciation. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 58, 247-276.
35. Hewitt, G. M. 1999 Post-glacial recolonisation of the European biota. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 68, 87-112.
36. Hewitt, G. M. 2003 Genetic consequences of climatic oscillations in the Quaternary. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 358, (DOI 10.1098/rstb.2003.1388.)
37. Hoffmann, R. S. 1981 Different voles for different holes: environmental restrictions on refugial survival of mammals. In Evolution Today: Proc. Second Int. Congr. of Systematic and Evolutionary Biology (ed. G. G. E. Scudder & J. L. Reveal), pp. 25-45. Pittsburgh, PA: Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation, Carnegie-Mellon University.
38. Hofmann, R. R. 1983 Adaptive changes of gastric and intestinal morphology in response to different fibre content in ruminant diets. Bull. R. Soc. NZ 20, 51-58.
39. Hofmann, R. R. 1985 Digestive physiology of deer: their morphophysiological specialization and adaptation. Bull. R. Soc. NZ 22, 393-407.
40. Hofmann, R. R., Geiger, G. & König, R. 1976 Vergleichendanatomische Untersuchungen an der Vormagenschleimhaut von Rehwild (Capreolus capreolus) und Rotwild (Cervus elaphus). Z. Säugetierk. 41, 167-193.
41. Hundertmark, K. J., Shields, G. F., Udina, I. G., Bowyer, R. T., Danilikin, A. A. & Schwartz, C. C. 2002 Mitochondrial phylogeography of moose (Alces alces): Late Pleistocene divergence and population expansion. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 22, 375-387.
42. Ibrahim, K., Nichols, R. A. & Hewitt, G. M. 1996 Spatial patterns of genetic variation generated by different forms of dispersal during range expansion. Heredity 77, 282-291.
43. Jablonski, D. 2003 The interplay of physical and biotic factors in macroevolution. In Evolution on planet Earth: the impact of the physical environment (ed. L. J. Rothschild & A. M. Lister), pp. 235-252. London: Academic.
44. Jackson, J. B. C. & Johnson, K. G. 2000 Live in the last few million years. Paleobiology 26(Suppl.), 221-235.
45. Janis, C. M. 2003 Tectonics, climate change, and the evolution of mammalian ecosystems. In Evolution on planet Earth: the impact of the physical environment (ed. L. J. Rothschild & A. M. Lister), pp. 319-338. London: Academic.
46. Jarrell, G. H. & Fredga, K. 1993 How many kinds of lemming? A taxonomic overview. In The biology of lemmings (ed. N. C. Stenseth & R. A. Ims), pp. 45-57. London: Academic.
47. Johnson, C. N. 2002 Determinants of loss of mammal species during the Late Quaternary 'megafauna' extinctions: life history and ecology, but not body size. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 269, 2221-2227. (DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2130.)
48. Johnson, T. C., Scholz, C. A., Talbot, M. R., Kelts, K., Ricketts, R. D., Ngobi, G., Buening, K., Ssemmanda, I. & McGill, J. W. 1996 Late Pleistocene desiccation of Lake Victoria and rapid evolution of cichlid fishes. Science 273, 1091-1093.
49. Johnson, W. E. & O'Brien, S. J. 1997 Phylogenetic reconstruction of the Felidae using 16S rRNA and NADH-5 mitochondrial genes. J. Mol. Evol. 44(Suppl. 1), S098-S116.
50. Jones Jr, J. K. & Birney, E. C. 1988 Handbook of mammals of the north-central States. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
51. Kahlke, H.-D. 1963 Ovibos aus den Kiesen von Süssenborn. Ein Beitrag zur Systematik und Phylogenie des Ovibovini und zur Stratigraphie des Pleistozäns. Geologie 12, 942-972.
52. Kahlke, H.-D. 1969 Die Cerviden-reste aus den Kiesen von Süssenborn bei Weimar. Paleäontol. Abh. A 3, 547-610.
53. Kahlke, H.-D. 1990 On the evolution, distribution and taxonomy of fossil elk/moose. Quartärpaläontologie 3, 113-122.
54. Kahlke, R.-D. 1992 Repeated immigration of saiga into Europe. Courier Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg 153, 187-195.
55. Kahlke, R.-D. 1999 The history of the origin, evolution and dispersal of the Late Pleistocene Mammuthus-Coelodonta faunal complex in Eurasia (large mammals). Rapid City, SD: Fenske.
56. Kiselyov, S. V. 1981 Late Cenozoic coleopterans of north-eastern Siberia. Moscow: Nauka. [In Russian.]
57. Klicka, J. & Zink, R. M. 1997 The importance of recent ice ages in speciation: a failed paradigm. Science 277, 1666-1669.
58. Kurtén, B. 1964 The evolution of the polar bear, Ursus maritimus Phipps. Acta Zool. Fenn. 108, 1-30.
59. Kurtén, B. & Anderson, E. 1980 Pleistocene mammals of North America. New York: Columbia University Press.
60. Kuwayama, R. & Ozawa, T. 2000 Phylogenetic relationships among European red deer, wapiti, and sika deer inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 15, 115-123.
61. Lister, A. M. 1984 Evolutionary and ecological origins of British deer. Proc. R. Soc. Edinb. 82B, 205-229.
62. Lister, A. M. 1986 New results on deer from Swanscombe, and the stratigraphical significance of deer remains in the Middle and Upper Pleistocene of Europe. J. Archaeol. Sci. 13, 319-338.
63. Lister, A. M. 1992 Mammalian fossils and Quaternary biostratigraphy. Quatern. Sci. Rev. 11, 329-344.
64. Lister, A. M. 1993 Evolution of mammoths and moose: the Holarctic perspective. In Morphological change in Quaternary mammals of North America (ed. R. A. Martin & A. D. Barnosky), pp. 178-204. New York: Cambridge University Press.
65. Lister, A. M. 1995 Sea levels and the evolution of island endemics: the dwarf red deer of Jersey. Geol. Soc. Special Publ. 96, 151-172.
66. Lister, A. M. 1996 Dwarfing in island elephants and deer: processes in relation to time of isolation. Symp. Zool. Soc. Lond. 69, 277-292.
67. Lister, A. M. 1997 The evolutionary response of vertebrates to Quaternary environmental change. NATO ASI Series I 47, 287-302.
68. Lister, A. M. 2004 Subspecies differentiation among moose (Alces alces L.): geographical variation in cranial morphology. Quaternaire. (In the press.)
69. Lister, A. & Bahn, P. 2000 Mammoths: giants of the Ice Age. London: Marshall Editions.
70. Lister, A. M. & Rawson, P. 2003 Land-sea relations and speciation in the marine and terrestrial realms. In Evolution on planet Earth: the impact of the physical environment (ed. L. Rothschild & A. M. Lister), pp. 297-315. London: Academic.
71. Lister, A. M. & Sher, A. V. 2001 The origin and evolution of the woolly mammoth. Science 294, 1094-1097.
72. Lister, A. M., Grubb, P. & Sumner, S. R. M. 1998 Taxonomy, morphology and evolution of European roe deer. In The European roe deer (ed. R. Andersen, P. Duncan & J. D. C. Linnell), pp. 23-46. Oslo, Norway: Scandinavian University Press.
73. Lister, A. M., Sher, A. V., Van Essen, H. & Wei, G. 2004 The pattern and process of mammoth evolution in Eurasia. Quatern. Int. (In the press.)
74. Losos, J. B. & Glor, R. E. 2003 Phylogenetic comparative methods and the geography of speciation. Trends Ecol. Evol. 18, 220-227.
75. McKinney, M. L. & Allmon, W. D. 1995 Metapopulations and disturbance: from patch dynamics to biodiversity dynamics. In New approaches to speciation in the fossil record (ed. D. H. Erwin & R. L. Anstey), pp. 123-183. New York: Columbia University Press.
76. Martin, R. D. 1993 Patterns of variation and speciation in Quaternary rodents. In Morphological change in Quaternary mammals of North America (ed. R. A. Martin & A. D. Barnosky), pp. 226-280. Cambridge University Press.
77. Maul, L., Masini, F., Abbazzi, L. & Turner, A. 1998 The use of different morphometric data for absolute age calibration of some South- and Middle European arvicolid populations. Pal. Ital. 85, 111-151.
78. Mayhew, D. F. 1977 The endemic Pleistocene murids of Crete. Proc. Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Amsterdam B 80, 182-214.
79. Maynard Smith, J., Burian, R., Kauffman, S., Alberch, P., Campbell, J., Goodwin, B., Lande, R., Raup, D. & Wolpert, L. 1985 Developmental constraints and evolution. Q. Rev. Biol. 60, 265-287.
80. Miyamoto, M. M., Kraus, F. & Ryder, O. A. 1990 Phylogeny and evolution of antlered deer determined from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 87, 6127-6131.
81. Moran, N. 1992 The evolutionary maintenance of alternative phenotypes. Am. Nat. 139, 971-989.
82. Nichols, R. 2001 Gene trees and species trees are not the same. Trends Ecol. Evol. 16, 358-364.
83. Petit, R. J. (and 16 others) 2003 Glacial refugia: hotspots but not melting pots of genetic diversity. Science 300, 1563-1565.
84. Pigliucci, M. 2001 Phenotypic plasticity: beyond nature and nurture. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
85. Polly, P. D. 2001 On morphological clocks and paleophylogeography: towards a timescale for Sorex hybrid zones. Genetica 112, 339-357.
86. Polly, P. D. 2003 Paleophylogeography: the tempo of geographic differentiation in marmots (Marmota). J. Mammal. 84, 369-384.
87. Potts, R. 1998a Environmental hypotheses of hominin evolution. Yearbook Phys. Anth. 41, 93-136.
88. Potts, R. 1998b Variability selection in hominid evolution. Evol. Anthropol. 7, 81-96.
89. Purdue, J. R. & Reitz, E. J. 1993 Decrease in body size of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) during the late Holocene in South Carolina and Georgia. In Morphological change in Quaternary mammals of North America (ed. R. A. Martin & A. D. Barnosky), pp. 281-298. Cambridge University Press.
90. Raia, P., Barbera, C. & Conte, M. 2003 The fast life of a dwarfed giant. Evol. Ecol. 17, 293-312.
91. Randi, E., Mucci, N., Claro-Hergueta, F., Bonnet, A. & Douzery, E. J. P. 2001 A mitochondrial DNA control region phylogeny of the Cervinae: speciation in Cervus and implications for conservation. Anim. Conserv. 4, 1-11.
92. Reznick, D. N. & Ghalambor, C. K. 2001 The population ecology of contemporary adaptations: what empirical studies reveal about the conditions that promote adaptive evolution. Genetica 112/113, 183-198.
93. Rollo, C. D. 1995 Phenotypes: their epigenetics, ecology and evolution. Bury St Edmunds, UK: St Edmundsbury Press.
94. Roth, V. L. 1992 Inferences from allometry and fossils: dwarfing of elephants on islands. Oxf. Surv. Evol. Biol. 8, 259-288.
95. Rothschild, L. J. & Lister, A. M. (eds) 2003 Evolution on planet Earth: the impact of the physical environment. London: Academic.
96. Sardella, R. (and 17 others) 1998 Mammal faunal turnover in Italy from the Middle Pliocene to the Holocene. Meded. Nederlands Inst. Toegepaste Geowet. TNO 60, 499-511.
97. Scheiner, S. M. 1993 Genetics and evolution of phenotypic plasticity. A. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 24, 35-68.
98. Scheiner, S. M. 1998 The genetics of phenotypic plasticity VII. Evolution in a spatially structured environment. J. Evol. Biol. 11, 303-320.
99. Sher, A. V. 1986a On the history of mammal fauna of Beringida. Quartärpaläontologie 6, 185-193.
100. Sher, A. V. 1986b Olyorian land mammal age of northeastern Siberia. Palaeontographica Italica 74, 97-112.
101. Sher, A. V. 1987 History and evolution of moose in the USSR. Swedish Wildl. Res. 1(Suppl. 1), 71-97.
102. Sher, A. V. 1997 An Early Quaternary bison population from Untermassfeld: Bison menneri sp. nov. Monographien des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums Mainz 40, 101-180.
103. Sher, A. V., Kuzmina, S., Kiselyov, S. & Lister, A. M. 2003 Tundra-steppe environment in arctic Siberia and the evolution of the woolly mammoth. In Third Int. Mammoth Conf. 2003, Program, and Abstracts. Occasional Papers in Earth Science, vol. 5 (ed. J. E. Storer), pp. 136-142. Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada: Palaeontology Program, Department of Tourism and Culture.
104. Sondaar, P. Y. 1977 Insularity and its effect on vertebrate evolution. In Major patterns in vertebrate evolution (ed. M. K. Hecht, P. C. Goody & B. M. Hecht), pp. 671-707. New York: Plenum.
105. Stager, J. C., Mayewski, P. A. & Meeker, L. D. 2002 Cooling cycles, Heinrich event 1, and the desiccation of Lake Victoria. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 183, 169-178.
106. Stanley, S. M. 1979 Macroevolution: pattern and process. San Fransisco, CA: Freeman.
107. Steppan, S. J., Akhverdyan, M. R., Lyapunova, E. A., Fraser, D. G., Vorontsov, N. V., Hoffman, R. S. & Braun, M. J. 1999 Molecular phylogeny of the marmots (Rodentia: Sciuridae): tests of evolutionary and biogeographic hypotheses. Syst. Biol. 48, 715-734.
108. Stewart, J. R. 2002 The evidence for the timing of speciation of modern continental birds and the taxonomic ambiguity of the Quaternary fossil record. In Proc. 5th Symp. Soc. Avian Paleont. Evol (ed. Z. Zhou & F. Zhang), pp. 259-280. Beijing, China: Science Press.
109. Stuart, A. J. 1982 Pleistocene vertebrates in the British Isles. London: Longman.
110. Talbot, S. L. & Shields, G. F. 1996 Phylogeography of brown bears (Ursus arctos) of Alaska and paraphyly within the Ursidae. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 5, 477-494.
111. Van Kolfschoten, T. 1990 The evolution of the mammal fauna in The Netherlands and the middle Rhine area (western Germany). Meded. Rijks Geol. Dienst 43, 1-69.
112. Von Koenigswald, W. 1999 Hat der Mensch das Aussterben der grossen pleistozänen Pflanzenfresser verursacht? Kaupia 9, 193-201.
113. Vrba, E. S. 1989 Levels of selection and sorting with special reference to the species level. Oxf. Surv. Evol. Biol. 6, 111-168.
114. Vrba, E. S. 2000 Major features of Neogene mammalian evolution in Africa. In Cenozoic geology of southern Africa (ed. T. C. Partridge & R. Maud), pp. 277-304. Oxford University Press.
115. Waddington, C. H. 1942 Canalization of development and the inheritance of acquired characters. Nature 150, 563-565.
116. Wake, D. B. 1997 Incipient species formation in salamanders of the Ensatina complex. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 94, 7761-7767.
117. Weaver, M. E. & Ingram, D. L. 1969 Morphological changes in swine associated with environmental temperature. Ecology 50, 710-713.
118. Webb, S. D. 2000 Evolutionary history of New World Cervidae. In Antelopes, deer and relatives (ed. E. S. Vrba & G. B. Schaller), pp. 38-64. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
119. Wei, G. B., Taruno, H., Jin, C. Z. & Xie, F. 2003 The earliest specimens of the steppe mammoth, Mammuthus trogontherii, from the Early Pleistocene Nihewan Formation, North China. Earth Sci. 57, 269-278.
120. West-Eberhard, M. J. 2003 Developmental plasticity and evolution. Oxford University Press.
121. Zazhigin, V. S. 1997 Late Pliocene and Pleistocene rodent faunas in the Kolyma Lowland: possible correlations with North America. In Terrestrial paleoenvironmental studies in Beringia (ed. M. E. Edwards, A. V. Sher & R. D. Guthrie), pp. 25-29. University of Alaska: Alaska Quaternary Center.