Combating opportunistic infections: Coccidioidomycosis

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy

Volumn 5, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 255-261

  Ampel, Neil M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

Author keywords

Amphotericin B; Coccidioides; Coccidioidomycosis; Triazoles

Indexed keywords

AMPHOTERICIN B CHOLESTEROL SULFATE; AMPHOTERICIN B DEOXYCHOLATE; AMPHOTERICIN B DERIVATIVE; AMPHOTERICIN B LIPID COMPLEX; ANIDULAFUNGIN; ANTIFUNGAL AGENT; CANDIDAS; CASPOFUNGIN; CHITIN SYNTHASE; ECHINOCANDIN B DERIVATIVE; ENZYME INHIBITOR; FLUCONAZOLE; FORMALDEHYDE; FUNGAL PROTEIN; FUNGUS VACCINE; IMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVE; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; ITRACONAZOLE; KETOCONAZOLE; MICAFUNGIN; MICONAZOLE; NIKKOMYCIN Z; PLACEBO; POLYENE ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; POSACONAZOLE; PREDNISONE; PYRROLE DERIVATIVE; RAVUCONAZOLE; TRIAZOLE DERIVATIVE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; VORICONAZOLE;

ADOPTIVE IMMUNOTHERAPY; ALLOGRAFT; ANEMIA; CELLULAR IMMUNITY; CLINICAL TRIAL; COCCIDIOIDES; COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; DISEASE SEVERITY; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG ADMINISTRATION ROUTE; DRUG ANTAGONISM; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG FORMULATION; DRUG INDICATION; DRUG PENETRATION; DRUG STRUCTURE; DRUG USE; ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT; FEVER; FUNGAL MENINGITIS; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; HYPOKALEMIA; HYPOMAGNESEMIA; IMMUNE DEFICIENCY; IMMUNIZATION; IMMUNOMODULATION; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; INFECTION PREVENTION; KIDNEY DYSFUNCTION; LIFESPAN; LUNG INFECTION; NEPHROTOXICITY; NONHUMAN; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION; PAIN; PUBLIC HEALTH; REVIEW; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; TREATMENT FAILURE; UNITED STATES;

ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS; COCCIDIOIDES; COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS; HUMANS; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 1242274392     PISSN: 14656566     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/14656566.5.2.255     Document Type: Review

References (70)

1. PAPPAGIANIS D: Epidemiology of coccidioidomycosis. Curr. Top. Med. Mycol. (1988) 2:199-238.
2. EDWARDS PQ, PALMER CE: Prevalence of sensitivity to coccidioidin, with special reference to specific and nonspecific reactions to coccidioidin and histoplasmin. Dis. Chest (1957) 31:35-60.
3. PAPPAGIANIS D: Marked increase in cases of coccidioidomycosis in California: 1991, 1992 and 1993. Clin. Infect. Dis. (1994) 19(Suppl. 1):S14-S18.
4. AMPEL NM, MOSLEY DG, ENGLAND B, VERTZ PD, KOMATSU K, HAJJEH RA: Coccidioidomycosis in Arizona: increase in incidence from 1990 to 1995. Clin. Infect. Dis. (1998) 27(6):1528-1530.
5. CDC: Increase in coccidioidomycosis-Arizona, 1998-2001. Morb. Mortal Wkly Rep. (2003) 52(6):109-112.
6. LEAKE JA, MOSLEY DG, ENGLAND B et al.: Risk factors for acute symptomatic coccidioidomycosis among elderly persons in Arizona, 1996 - 1997. J Infect. Dis. (2000) 181(4):1435-1440.
7. FISHER MC, KOENIG GL, WHITE TJ, TAYLOR JW. Molecular and phenotypic description of Coccidioides posadasii sp. nov., previously recognized as the non-California population of Coccidioides immitis. Mycologia (2002) 94(1):73-84.
8. BOWMAN BH, WHITE TJ, TAYLOR JW: Human pathogeneic fungi and their dose nonpathogenic relatives. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. (1996) 6(1):89-96.
9. SUN SH, HUPPERT M: A cytological study of morphogenesis in Coccidioides immitis. Sabouraudia (1976) 14(2):185-198.
10. SMITH CE, BEARD RR, WHITING EG, ROSENBERGER HG: Varieties of coccidioidal infection in relation to the epidemiology and control of the diseases. Am. J. Public Health (1946) 36:1394-1402.
11. ARSURA EL, KILGORE WB, RATNAYAKE SN: Erythema nodosum in pregnant patients with coccidioidomycosis. Clin. Infect. Dis. (1998) 27(5):1201-1203.
12. STEVENS DA: Coccidioidomycosis. N. Engl J. Med. (1995) 332(16):1077-1082.
13. AMPEL NM: The solitary pulmonary nodule. N. Engl. J. Med. (2003) 349:1575 (Letter).
14. SAROSI GA, PARKER JD, DOTO IL, TOSH FE: Chronic pulmonary coccidioidomycosis. N. Engl. J. Med. (1970) 283(7):325-329.
15. BOUZA E, DREYER JS, HEWITT WL, MEYER RD: Coccidioidal meningitis. An analysis of thirty-one cases and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) (1981) 60(3):139-172.
16. AMPEL NM, RYAN KJ, CARRY PJ, WIEDEN MA, SCHIFMAN RB: Fungemia due to Coccidioides immitis. An analysis of 16 episodes in 15 patients and a review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) (1986) 65(5):312-321.
17. AMPEL NM: Measurement of cellular immunity in human coccidioidomycosis. Mycopathologia (2003) (In Press).
18. DERESINSKI SC, STEVENS DA: Coccidioidomycosis in compromised hosts. Experience at Stanford University Hospital. Medicine (Baltimore) (1974) 54(5):377-395.
19. RUTALA PJ, SMITH JW: Coccidioidomycosis in potentially compromised hosts: the effect of immunosuppressive therapy in dissemination. Am. J. Med Sci. (1978) 275(3):283-295.
20. FISH DG, AMPEL NM, GALGIANI JN et al.: Coccidioidomycosis during human immunodeficiency virus infection. A review of 77 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) (1990) 69(6):384-391.
21. AMPEL NM, DOLS CL, GALGIANI JN: Coccidioidomycosis during human immunodeficiency virus infection: results of a prospective study in a coccidioidal endemic area. Am. J. Med. (1993) 94(3):235-240.
22. JONES JL, FLEMING PL, CIESIELSKI CA, HU DJ, KAPLAN JE, WARD JW. Coccidioidomycosis among persons with AIDS in the United States. J. Infect. Dis. (1995) 171(4):961-966.
23. WOODS CW, MCRILL C, PLIKAYTIS BD et al.: Coccidioidomycosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons in Arizona, 1994 - 1997: incidence, risk factors, and prevention. J. Infect. Dis. (2000) 181(4):1428-1434.
24. AMPEL NM: Coccidioidomycosis among persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Semin. Respir. Infect. (2001) 16(4):257-262.
25. AMPEL NM, KRAMER LA, LI L et al: In vitro whole-blood analysis of cellular immunity in patients with active coccidioidomycosis by using the antigen preparation T27K. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. (2002) 9(5):1039-1043.
26. COHEN IM, GALGIANI JN, POTTER D, OGDEN DA: Coccidioidomycosis in renal replacement therapy. Arch. Intern. Med. (1982) 142(3):489-494.
27. HALL KA, SETHI GK, ROSADO LJ, MARTINEZ JD, HUSTON CL, COPELAND JG: Coccidioidomycosis and heart transplantation. J. Heart Lung Transplant. (1993) 12(3):525-526.
28. HOLT CD, WINSTON DJ, KUBAK B et al.: Coccidioidomycosis in liver transplant patients. Clin. Infect. Dis. (1997) 24(2):216-221.
29. RILEY DK, GALGIANI JN, O'DONNELL MR, ITO JI, BEATTY PG, EVANS TG: Coccidioidomycosis in bone marrow transplant recipients. Transplantation (1993) 56(6):1531-1533.
30. LOGAN JL, BLAIR JE, GALGIANI JN: Coccidioidomycosis complicating solid organ transplantation. Semin. Respir Infect. (2001) 16(4):251-256.
31. KEANE J, GERSHON S, WISE RP et al.: Tuberculosis associated with infliximab, a tumor necrosis factor alpha-neutralizing agent. N. Engl. J. Med. (2001) 345(15):1098-1104.
32. LEE JH, SLIFMAN NR, GERSHON SK et al.: Life-threatening histoplasmosis complicating immunotherapy with tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonists infliximab and etanercept. Arthritis Rheum. (2002) 46(10):2565-2570.
33. BERGSTROM L, YOCUM D, AMPEL NM et al.: Relative risk for symptomatic coccidioidomycosis is increased with infliximab therapy: results of a cohort study. Arthr. Rheum. (2003) 48(Suppl. 9):5450 (Abstract 1126).
34. FLYNN NM, HOEPRICH PD, KAWACHI MM et al.: An unusual outbreak of windborne coccidioidomycosis. N. Engl. J. Med. (1979) 301(7):358-361.
35. ROSENSTEIN NE, EMERY KW, WERNER SB et al.: Risk factors for severe pulmonary and disseminated coccidioidomycosis: Kern County, California, 1995 - 1996. Clin. Infect. Dis. (2001) 32(5):708-715.
36. WACK EE, AMPEL NM, GALGIANI JN, BRONNIMANN DA: Coccidioidomycosis during pregnancy. An analysis of ten cases among 47,120 pregnancies. Chest (1988) 94(2):376-379.
37. CALDWELL JW, ARSURA EL, KILGORE WB, GARCIA AL, REDDY V, JOHNSON RH: Coccidioidomycosis in pregnancy during an epidemic in California. Obstet. Gynecol. (2000) 95(2):236-239.
38. SMITH CE: Diagnosis of pulmonary coccidioidal infections. Galif Med. (1951) 75:385-391.
39. PAPPAGIANIS D: Serologic studies in coccidioidomycosis. Semin. Respir. Infect. (2001) 16(4):242-250.
40. SAROSI GA, LAWRENCE JP, SMITH DK, THOMAS A, HOBOHM DW, KELLEY PC: Rapid diagnostic evaluation of bronchial washings in patients with suspected coccidioidomycosis. Semin. Respir. Infect. (2001) 16(4):238-241.
41. WARNOCK DW: Mycotic agents of human disease. In: Biological Safety. Principles and Practices. Fleming DO, Hunt DL (Eds), Washington, DC: ASM Press (2000):111-120.
42. GALGIANI JN, CATANZARO A, CLOUD GA et al.: Comparison of oral fluconazole and itraconazole for progressive, nonmeningeal coccidioidomycosis. A randomized, double-blind trial. Mycoses Study Group. Anm Intern. Med. (2000) 133(9):676-696.
43. WINN WA: The use of amphotericin B in the treatment of coccidioidal disease. Am. J. Med. (1959) 27:617-635.
44. DRUTZ DJ: Amphotericin B in the treatment of coccidioidomycosis. Drugs (1983) 26(4):337-346.
45. STEVENS DA: Miconazole in the treatment of coccidioidomycosis. Drugs (1983) 26(4):347-354.
46. GALGIANI JN: Ketoconazole in the treatment of coccidioidomycosis. Drugs (1983) 26(4):355-363.
47. CATANZARO A, FIERER J, FRIEDMAN PJ: Fluconazole in the treatment of persistent coccidioidomycosis. Chest (1990) 97(3):666-669.
48. CATANZARO A, GALGIANI JN, LEVINE BE et al.: Fluconazole in the treatment of chronic pulmonary and nonmeningeal disseminated coccidioidomycosis. NIAID Mycoses Study Group. Am. J. Med. (1995) 98(3):249-256.
49. GRAYBILL JR, STEVENS DA, GALGIANI JN, DISMUKES WE, CLOUD GA. Itraconazole treatment of coccidioidomycosis. MAID Mycoses Study Group. Am. J. Med. (1990) 89(3):282-290.
50. JEU L, PIACENTI FJ, LYAKHOVETSKIY AG, FUNG HB: Voriconazole. Clin. Ther. (2003) 25(5):1321-1381.
51. CORTEZ KJ, WALSH TJ, BENNETT JE: Successful treatment of coccidioidal meningitis with voriconazole. Clin. Infect. Dis. (2003) 36(12):1619-1622.
52. LUTZ JE, CLEMONS KV, ARISTIZABAL BH, STEVENS DA: Activity of the triazole SCH 56592 against disseminated routine coccidioidomycosis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1997) 41(7):1558-1561.
53. CATANZARO A, CLOUD G, STEVENS D et al.: Safety and tolerance of posaconazole (SCH 56592) inpatients with nonmeningeal disseminated coccidioidomycosis. In: 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, September 17 - 20 (2002) Toronto, Ontario, Canada: American Society for Microbiology (Abstract 1417).
54. SUGAR AM: Use of amphotericin B with azole antifungal drugs. What are we doing? Antimicrob. Agent Chemother. (1995) 39:1907-1912.
55. GONZALEZ GM, TIJERINA R, NAJVAR LK et al.: Correlation between antifungal susceptibilities of Coccidioides immitis in vitro and antifungal treatment with caspofungin in a mouse model. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2001) 45(6):1854-1859.
56. STEVENS DA: Drug interaction studies of a glucan synthase inhibitor (LY 303366) and a chitin synthase inhibitor (Nikkomycin Z) for inhibition and killing of fungal pathogens. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2000) 44(9):2547-2548.
57. NAKAI T, UNO J, IKEDA F, TAWARA S, NISHIMURA K, MIYAJI M: In vitro antifungal activity of Micafungin (FK463) against dimorphic fungi: comparison of yeast-like and mycelial forms. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2003) 47(4):1376-1381.
58. HECTOR RF, ZIMMER BL, PAPPAGIANIS D: Evaluation of nikkomycins X and Z in murine models of coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, and blastomycosis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother (1990) 34(4):587-593.
59. GALGIANI JN, AMPEL NM, CATANZARO A, JOHNSON RH, STEVENS DA, WILLIAMS PL: Practice guideline for the treatment of coccidioidomycosis. Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin. Infect. Dis. (2000) 30(4):658-661.
60. VINCENT T, GALGIANI JN, HUPPERT M, SALKIN D: The natural history of coccidioidal meningitis: VA-Armed Forces cooperative studies, 1955-1958. Clin. Infect Dis. (1993) 16(2):247-254.
61. EINSTEIN H, HOLEMAN CW, SANDIDGE LL, HOLDEN DH: Coccidioidal meningitis. The use of amphotericin B in treatment. Calif. Med. (1961) 94(6):339-343.
62. STEVENS DA, SHATSKY SA: Intrathecal amphotericin in the management of coccidioidal meningitis. Semin. Respir. Infect. (2001) 16(4):263-269.
63. LABADIE EL, HAMILTON RH: Survival improvement in coccidioidal meningitis by high-dose intrathecal amphotericin B. Arch. Intern. Med. (1986) 146(10):2013-2018.
64. CLEMONS KV, SOBEL RA, WILLIAMS PL, PAPPAGIANIS D, STEVENS DA: Efficacy of intravenous liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) against coccidioidal meningitis in rabbits. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2002) 46(8):2420-2426.
65. GALGIANI JN, CATANZARO, A, CLOUD GA et al.: Fluconazole therapy for coccidioidal meningitis. The NIAID-Mycoses Study Group. Ann. Intern. Med. (1993) 119(1):28-35.
66. DEWSNUP DH, GALGIANI JN, GRAYBILL JR et al.: Is it ever safe to stop azole therapy for Coccidioides immitis meningitis? Ann. Intern. Med. (1996) 124(3):305-310.
67. PAPPAGIANIS D: Evaluation of the protective efficacy of the killed Coccidioides immitis spherule vaccine in humans. The Valley Fever Vaccine Study Group. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. (1993) 148(3):656-660.
68. SHUBITZ L, PENG T, PERRILL R, SIMONS J, ORSBORN K, GALGIANI JN: Protection of mice against Cocddioides immitis intranasal infection by vaccination with recombinant antigen 2/PRA. Infect. Immun. (2002) 70(6):3287-3289.
69. RICHARDS JO, AMPEL NM, LAKE DF: Reversal of coccidioidal anergy in vitro by dendritic cells from patients with disseminated coccidioidomycosis. J. Immunol. (2002) 169(4):2020-2025.
70. COLINO J, SNAPPER CM: Dendritic cells, new tools for vaccination. Microbes Infect. (2003) 5(4):311-319.