Learning to find answers to questions on the Web

ACM Transactions on Internet Technology

Volumn 4, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 129-162

  Agichtein, Eugene ^a   Lawrence, Steve ^b   Gravano, Luis ^a  

^a Och Spine at New York Presbyterian Hospitals   (United States)

^b NEC LABORATORIES AMERICA   (United States)

Author keywords

Information retrieval; Meta search; Query expansion; Question answering; Web search

Indexed keywords

EXPERIMENTATION; META-SEARCH; QUERIES; QUERY EXPANSION; QUERY TRANSFORMATIONS; QUESTION ANSWERING;

ALGORITHMS; COMPUTER SOFTWARE; HEURISTIC METHODS; INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS; KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING; LEARNING SYSTEMS; NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING SYSTEMS; SEARCH ENGINES;

WEBSITES;

EID: 12344316704     PISSN: 15335399     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1145/990301.990303     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. ABNEY, S., COLLINS, M., AND SINGHAL, A. 2000. Answer extraction. In Proceedings of the Applied Natural Language Processing Conference (ANLP-2000). 296-301.
2. AGICHTEIN, E., LAWRENCE, S., AND GRAVANO, L. 2001. Learning search engine specific query transformations for question answering. In Proceedings of the World Wide Web Conference (WWW-10). 169-178.
3. ALIOD, D., BERRI, J., AND HESS, M. 1998. A real world implementation of answer extraction. In Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems, Workshop: Natural Language and Information Systems (NLIS-98). 143-148.
4. BERGER, A., CARUANA, R., COHN, D., FREITAG, D., AND MITTAL, V. O. 2000. Bridging the lexical chasm: statistical approaches to answer-finding. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGIR Conference. 192-199.
5. BRILL, E. 1992. A simple rule-based part of speech tagger. In Proceedings of the Applied Natural Language Processing Conference (ANLP-92). 152-155.
6. BRILL, E., LIN, J., BANKO, M., DUMAIS, S., AND NG, A. 2001. Data-intensive question answering. In Proceedings of the TREC-10 Question Answering Track. 393-400.
7. BRIN, S. AND PAGE, L. 1998. The anatomy of a large-scale hypertextual Web search engine. Comput. Netw. ISDN Syst. 30, 1-7, 107-117.
8. BURKE, R., HAMMOND, K., AND KOZLOVSKY, J. 1995. Knowledge-based information retrieval for semi-structured text. In AAAI Fall Symposium on AI Applications in Knowledge Navigation and Retrieval. 19-24.
9. CARDIE, C., NG, V., PIERCE, D., AND BUCKLEY, C. 2000. Examining the role of statistical and linguistic knowledge sources in a general-knowledge question answering system. In Proceedings of the Applied Natural Language Processing Conference (ANLP-2000). 180-187.
10. CROFT, W. B. 2000. Combining approaches to information retrieval. Advan. Info. Retrieval. 1-36.
11. GLOVER, E., FLAKE, G., LAWRENCE, S., BIRMINGHAM, W. P., KRUGER, A., GILES, C. L., AND PENNOCK, D. 2001. Improving category specific Web search by learning query modifications. In Symposium on Applications and the Internet (SAINT-2001). 23-31.
12. HARABAGIU, S. M., PASCA, M. A., AND MAIORANO, S. J. 2000. Experiments with open-domain textual question answering. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING-2000). 292-298.
13. HAWKING, D., CRASWELL, N., THISTLEWAITE, P., AND HARMAN, D. 1999. Results and challenges in Web search evaluation. Computer Networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 31, 11-16, 1321-1330.
14. HOVY, E., GERBER, L., HERMJAKOB, U., JUNK, M., AND LIN, C.-Y. 2000. Question answering in Webclopedia. In Proceedings of the TREC-9 Question Answering Track. 655-672.
15. ITTYCHERIAH, A., FRANZ, M., ZHU, W.-J., AND RATNAPARKHI, A. 2000. IBM's statistical question answering system. In Proceedings of the TREC-9 Question Answering Track. 231-234.
16. JOHO, H. AND SANDERSON, M. 2000. Retrieving descriptive phrases from large amounts of free text. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Knowledge Management (CIKM-2000). 180-186.
17. KLAVANS, J. L. AND KAN, M.-Y. 1998. Role of verbs in document analysis. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING/ACL-98). 680-686.
18. KWOK, C. C. T., ETZIONI, O., AND WELD, D. S. 2001. Scaling question answering to the Web. In Proceedings of the World Wide Web Conference (WWW-10). 150-161.
19. LAWRENCE, S., BOLLACKER, K., AND GILES, C. L. 1999. Indexing and retrieval of scientific literature. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM-99). 139-146.
20. LAWRENCE, S. AND GILES, C. L. 1998. Context and page analysis for improved web search. IEEE Internet Comput. 2, 4, 38-46.
21. MANN, G. 2002. Learning how to answer questions using trivia games. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING-2002).
22. MILLER, G. A. 1995. Wordnet: A lexical database for English. Comm. ACM. 39-41.
23. MITRA, M., SINGHAL, A., AND BUCKLEY, C. 1998. Improving automatic query expansion. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGIR Conference. 206-214.
24. MOLDOVAN, D., HARABAGIU, S., PASCA, M., MIHALCEA, R., GOODRUM, R., GIRJU, R., AND RUS, V. 1999. Lasso: A tool for surfing the answer net. In Proceedings of the TREC-8 Question Answering Track. 175-184.
25. PRAGER, J., CHU-CAROLL, J., AND CZUBA, K. 2002. Statistical answer-type identification in open-domain question answering. In Proceedings of the Human Language Technology Conference (HLT-2002). 137-143.
26. RADEV, D., FAN, W., QI, H., WU, H., AND GREWAL, A. 2002. Probabilistic question answering on the Web. In Proceedings of the World Wide Web Conference (WWW-2002). 408-419.
27. RADEV, D. R., QI, H., ZHENG, Z., BLAIR-GOLDENSOHN, S., FAN, Z. Z. W., AND PRAGER, J. M. 2001. Mining the web for answers to natural language questions. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Knowledge Management (CIKM-2001). 143-150.
28. ROBERTSON, S. 1990. On term selection for query expansion. In J. Document. 46, 359-364.
29. ROBERTSON, S. AND SPARCK-JONES, K. 1976. Relevance weighting of search terms. J. Amer. Soc. Info. Sci. 27, 129-146.
30. ROBERTSON, S. AND WALKER, S. 1997. On relevance weights with little relevance information. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGIR Conference. 16-24.
31. ROBERTSON, S., WALKER, S., AND BEAULIEU, M. 1998. Okapi at TREC-7: automatic ad hoc, filtering, VLC and interactive track. In TREC-7 Proceedings. 253-264.
32. ROCCHIO, J. 1971. Relevance feedback in information retrieval, G. Salton, Ed. The SMART Retrieval System-Experiments in Automatic Document Processing. 313-323.
33. SALTON, G. 1989. Automatic Text Processing: The transformation, analysis, and retrieval of information by computer. Addison-Wesley.
34. SCHIFFMAN, B. AND MCKEOWN, K. R. 2000. Experiments in automated lexicon building for text searching. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING-2000). 719-725.
35. SPINK, A., MILCHAK, S., SOLLENBERGER, M., AND HURSON, A. 2000. Elicitation queries to the Excite Web search engine. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Knowledge Management (CIKM-2000). 134-140.
36. VOORHEES, E. 1999a. Overview of the Eighth Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-8). In Proceedings of TREC-8. 1-24.
37. VOORHEES, E. 1999b. The TREC-8 question answering track report. In Proceedings of TREC-8. 77-82.
38. VOORHEES, E. 2000. Overview of the TREC-9 question answering track. In Proceedings of TREC-9. 71-80.
39. VOORHEES, E. 2001. Overview of the TREC-2001 question answering track. In Proceedings of TREC-10. 42-51.
40. VOORHEES, E. AND TICE, D. M. 1999. The TREC-8 question answering track evaluation. In Proceedings of TREC-8. 84-106.
41. XU, J. AND CROFT, W. B. 2000. Improving the effectiveness of information retrieval with local context analysis. ACM Trans. Info. Syst. (TOIS) 18, 1, 79-112.