Rational design of tightly closed coordination tetrahedra that are stable in the solid state, in solution, and in the gas phase

Angewandte Chemie - International Edition

Volumn 44, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 480-484

  Müller, Iris M ^a   Möller, Daniela ^a   Schalley, Christoph A ^b  

^a RUHR UNIVERSITY BOCHUM   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BONN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Cadmium; Cage compounds mass; Self assembly; Spectrometry; Structure elucidation

Indexed keywords

IONIZATION; MASS SPECTROMETRY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; POSITIVE IONS; SOLUTIONS; X RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY;

CO-ENCAPSULATION; ESI-FT-ICR MASS SPECTROMETRY; OCTAANIONIC METALLO-SUPRAMOLECULAR TETRAHEDRA;

SUPRAMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY;

ARTICLE; ATOM; CHIRALITY; CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; ELECTROSPRAY; GAS ANALYSIS; REACTION ANALYSIS; SOLID STATE; STRUCTURE ANALYSIS; X RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY;

EID: 12344305532     PISSN: 14337851     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/anie.200461800     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. For reviews see: a) T. D. Hamilton, L. R. MacGillivray, Cryst. Growth Des. 2004, 4, 419; b) R. W. Saalfrank, B. Demleitner, H. Glaser, H. Maid, S. Reihs, W. Bauer, M. Maluenga, F. Hampel, M. Teichert, H. Krautscheid, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2003, 822; c) G. F. Swieger, T. J. Malefetse, Coord. Chem. Rev. 2002, 225, 91; d) S. Leininger, B. Olenyuk, P. J. Stang, Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 853; e) J. A. R. Navarro, B. Lippert, Coord. Chem. Rev. 1999, 185-186, 653.
2. For reviews see: a) T. D. Hamilton, L. R. MacGillivray, Cryst. Growth Des. 2004, 4, 419; b) R. W. Saalfrank, B. Demleitner, H. Glaser, H. Maid, S. Reihs, W. Bauer, M. Maluenga, F. Hampel, M. Teichert, H. Krautscheid, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2003, 822; c) G. F. Swieger, T. J. Malefetse, Coord. Chem. Rev. 2002, 225, 91; d) S. Leininger, B. Olenyuk, P. J. Stang, Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 853; e) J. A. R. Navarro, B. Lippert, Coord. Chem. Rev. 1999, 185-186, 653.
3. For reviews see: a) T. D. Hamilton, L. R. MacGillivray, Cryst. Growth Des. 2004, 4, 419; b) R. W. Saalfrank, B. Demleitner, H. Glaser, H. Maid, S. Reihs, W. Bauer, M. Maluenga, F. Hampel, M. Teichert, H. Krautscheid, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2003, 822; c) G. F. Swieger, T. J. Malefetse, Coord. Chem. Rev. 2002, 225, 91; d) S. Leininger, B. Olenyuk, P. J. Stang, Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 853; e) J. A. R. Navarro, B. Lippert, Coord. Chem. Rev. 1999, 185-186, 653.
4. For reviews see: a) T. D. Hamilton, L. R. MacGillivray, Cryst. Growth Des. 2004, 4, 419; b) R. W. Saalfrank, B. Demleitner, H. Glaser, H. Maid, S. Reihs, W. Bauer, M. Maluenga, F. Hampel, M. Teichert, H. Krautscheid, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2003, 822; c) G. F. Swieger, T. J. Malefetse, Coord. Chem. Rev. 2002, 225, 91; d) S. Leininger, B. Olenyuk, P. J. Stang, Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 853; e) J. A. R. Navarro, B. Lippert, Coord. Chem. Rev. 1999, 185-186, 653.
5. For reviews see: a) T. D. Hamilton, L. R. MacGillivray, Cryst. Growth Des. 2004, 4, 419; b) R. W. Saalfrank, B. Demleitner, H. Glaser, H. Maid, S. Reihs, W. Bauer, M. Maluenga, F. Hampel, M. Teichert, H. Krautscheid, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2003, 822; c) G. F. Swieger, T. J. Malefetse, Coord. Chem. Rev. 2002, 225, 91; d) S. Leininger, B. Olenyuk, P. J. Stang, Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 853; e) J. A. R. Navarro, B. Lippert, Coord. Chem. Rev. 1999, 185-186, 653.
6. First example: a) R. W. Saalfrank, A. Stark, K. Peters, H. G. von Schnering, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 878; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 851; recent articles: b) D. H. Leung, D. Fiedler, R. G. Bergman, K. N. Raymond, Angew. Chem. 2004, 116, 981; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004, 43, 963; c) Y. Bai, D. Guo, C. Duan, D. Dang, K. Pang, Q. Meng, Chem. Commun. 2004, 186; d) D. Fiedler, D. Pagliero, J. L. Brumaghim, R. G. Bergman, K. N. Raymond, Inorg. Chem. 2004, 43, 846; e) D. Fiedler, D. H. Leung, R. G. Bergman, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 3674.
7. First example: a) R. W. Saalfrank, A. Stark, K. Peters, H. G. von Schnering, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 878; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 851; recent articles: b) D. H. Leung, D. Fiedler, R. G. Bergman, K. N. Raymond, Angew. Chem. 2004, 116, 981; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004, 43, 963; c) Y. Bai, D. Guo, C. Duan, D. Dang, K. Pang, Q. Meng, Chem. Commun. 2004, 186; d) D. Fiedler, D. Pagliero, J. L. Brumaghim, R. G. Bergman, K. N. Raymond, Inorg. Chem. 2004, 43, 846; e) D. Fiedler, D. H. Leung, R. G. Bergman, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 3674.
8. First example: a) R. W. Saalfrank, A. Stark, K. Peters, H. G. von Schnering, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 878; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 851; recent articles: b) D. H. Leung, D. Fiedler, R. G. Bergman, K. N. Raymond, Angew. Chem. 2004, 116, 981; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004, 43, 963; c) Y. Bai, D. Guo, C. Duan, D. Dang, K. Pang, Q. Meng, Chem. Commun. 2004, 186; d) D. Fiedler, D. Pagliero, J. L. Brumaghim, R. G. Bergman, K. N. Raymond, Inorg. Chem. 2004, 43, 846; e) D. Fiedler, D. H. Leung, R. G. Bergman, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 3674.
9. First example: a) R. W. Saalfrank, A. Stark, K. Peters, H. G. von Schnering, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 878; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 851; recent articles: b) D. H. Leung, D. Fiedler, R. G. Bergman, K. N. Raymond, Angew. Chem. 2004, 116, 981; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004, 43, 963; c) Y. Bai, D. Guo, C. Duan, D. Dang, K. Pang, Q. Meng, Chem. Commun. 2004, 186; d) D. Fiedler, D. Pagliero, J. L. Brumaghim, R. G. Bergman, K. N. Raymond, Inorg. Chem. 2004, 43, 846; e) D. Fiedler, D. H. Leung, R. G. Bergman, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 3674.
10. First example: a) R. W. Saalfrank, A. Stark, K. Peters, H. G. von Schnering, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 878; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 851; recent articles: b) D. H. Leung, D. Fiedler, R. G. Bergman, K. N. Raymond, Angew. Chem. 2004, 116, 981; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004, 43, 963; c) Y. Bai, D. Guo, C. Duan, D. Dang, K. Pang, Q. Meng, Chem. Commun. 2004, 186; d) D. Fiedler, D. Pagliero, J. L. Brumaghim, R. G. Bergman, K. N. Raymond, Inorg. Chem. 2004, 43, 846; e) D. Fiedler, D. H. Leung, R. G. Bergman, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 3674.
11. First example: a) R. W. Saalfrank, A. Stark, K. Peters, H. G. von Schnering, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 878; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 851; recent articles: b) D. H. Leung, D. Fiedler, R. G. Bergman, K. N. Raymond, Angew. Chem. 2004, 116, 981; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004, 43, 963; c) Y. Bai, D. Guo, C. Duan, D. Dang, K. Pang, Q. Meng, Chem. Commun. 2004, 186; d) D. Fiedler, D. Pagliero, J. L. Brumaghim, R. G. Bergman, K. N. Raymond, Inorg. Chem. 2004, 43, 846; e) D. Fiedler, D. H. Leung, R. G. Bergman, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 3674.
12. First example: a) R. W. Saalfrank, A. Stark, K. Peters, H. G. von Schnering, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 878; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 851; recent articles: b) D. H. Leung, D. Fiedler, R. G. Bergman, K. N. Raymond, Angew. Chem. 2004, 116, 981; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004, 43, 963; c) Y. Bai, D. Guo, C. Duan, D. Dang, K. Pang, Q. Meng, Chem. Commun. 2004, 186; d) D. Fiedler, D. Pagliero, J. L. Brumaghim, R. G. Bergman, K. N. Raymond, Inorg. Chem. 2004, 43, 846; e) D. Fiedler, D. H. Leung, R. G. Bergman, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 3674.
13. Recent articles: a) M. Albrecht, I. Janser, S. Meyer, P. Weis, R. Fröhlich, Chem. Commun. 2003, 2854; b) R. W. Saalfrank, H. Glaser, B. Demleitner, F. Hampel, M. M. Chowdhry, V. Schünemann, A. X. Trautwein, G. B. M. Vaughan, R. Yeh, A. V. Davis, K. N. Raymond, Chem. Eur. J. 2002, 8, 493.
14. Recent articles: a) M. Albrecht, I. Janser, S. Meyer, P. Weis, R. Fröhlich, Chem. Commun. 2003, 2854; b) R. W. Saalfrank, H. Glaser, B. Demleitner, F. Hampel, M. M. Chowdhry, V. Schünemann, A. X. Trautwein, G. B. M. Vaughan, R. Yeh, A. V. Davis, K. N. Raymond, Chem. Eur. J. 2002, 8, 493.
15. Recent articles: a) M. Yoshizawa, M. Tamura, M. Fujita, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 6846; b) M. Yoshizawa, Y. Takeyama, T. Okano, M. Fujita, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 3243; c) T. Kusukawa, T. Nakai, T. Okano, M. Fujita, Chem. Lett. 2003, 32, 284.
16. Recent articles: a) M. Yoshizawa, M. Tamura, M. Fujita, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 6846; b) M. Yoshizawa, Y. Takeyama, T. Okano, M. Fujita, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 3243; c) T. Kusukawa, T. Nakai, T. Okano, M. Fujita, Chem. Lett. 2003, 32, 284.
17. Recent articles: a) M. Yoshizawa, M. Tamura, M. Fujita, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 6846; b) M. Yoshizawa, Y. Takeyama, T. Okano, M. Fujita, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 3243; c) T. Kusukawa, T. Nakai, T. Okano, M. Fujita, Chem. Lett. 2003, 32, 284.
18. I. M. Müller, R. Robson, F. Separovic, Angew. Chem. 2001, 113, 4519; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 4385.
19. I. M. Müller, R. Robson, F. Separovic, Angew. Chem. 2001, 113, 4519; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 4385.
20. I. M. Müller, D. Möller, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2004, in press.
21. [13]
22. [13] Owing to the weak scattering power of 1b, the large number of solvent molecules and the poor reflection to parameter ratio, all solvent molecules as well as the phenyl groups were refined isotropically. The bond lengths in the solvent molecules were fixed to literature values.
23. [13]
24. [13]
25. [13]
26. a) S. Sakamoto, M. Fujita, K. Kim, K. Yamaguchi, Tetrahedron 2000, 56, 955;
27. b) C. A. Schalley, T. Müller, P. Linnartz, M. Witt, M. Schäfer, A. Lützen, Chem. Eur. J. 2002, 8, 3538;
28. reviews: c) C. A. Schalley, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 2000, 194. 11; d) C, A. Schalley, Mass Spectrom. Rev. 2001, 20, 253.
29. reviews: c) C. A. Schalley, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 2000, 194. 11; d) C, A. Schalley, Mass Spectrom. Rev. 2001, 20, 253.
30. CCDC-248614-248618 contain the supplementary crystallographic data for this paper. These data can be obtained free of charge via www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/ conts/retrieving.html (or from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB21EZ, UK; fax: (+44) 1223-336-033; or deposit@ ccdc.cam.ac.uk).