Slotted multimode-interference devices

Applied Optics

Volumn 43, Issue 36, 2004, Pages 6609-6619

  Mackie, David M ^a   Lee, Andrew W ^a  

^a U S ARMY RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS; IMAGE PROCESSING; INTERFEROMETERS; OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES; PARAMETER ESTIMATION; POLARIZATION; REFRACTIVE INDEX; SWITCHING;

MULTIMODE-INTERFERENCE (MMI) DEVICES; OPTICAL PUMPS; POLARIZATION SEPARATION; POWER SPLITTERS;

INTEGRATED OPTICS;

EID: 12344275551     PISSN: 1559128X     EISSN: 15394522     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/AO.43.006609     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. L. B. Soldano and E. C. M. Pennings, "Optical multi-mode interference devices based on self-imaging: principles and applications," J. Lightwave Technol. 13, 615-627 (1995).
2. M. Blahut and A. Opilski, "Multimode interference structures-new way of passive elements technology for photonics," Opto-Electron. Rev. 9, 293-300 (2001).
3. D. M. Mackie and T. J. Tayag, "Modeling of self-imaging integrated optical power splitters," in Proceedings of the Fifth Biennial DoD Photonics Conference, L. D. Pierce, ed. (Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association, Fairfax, Va., 1996), pp. 59-64.
4. E. T. Kunkee, C. Zmudzinski, L. J. Lembo, J. Leight, R. Johnson, F. Alvarez, D. Nichols, and J. C. Brock, "Analog signal splitting and amplification for optically-controlled phased-array antennas," in Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications, M. N. Zervas, A. E. Willner, and S. Sasaki, eds., Vol. 16 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics Series (Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C., 1997), pp. 209-212.
5. E. T. Kunkee, C. Zmudzinski, L. Lembo, R. Johnson, F. Alvarez, D. Nichols, and J. Brock, "Simultaneous optical amplification and splitting for lower noise and higher gain microwave signal distribution," in Optical Technology for Microwave Applications VIII, A. P. Goutzoulis, ed., Proc. SPIE 3160, 89-96 (1997).
6. B. Lee, E. Kim, H. K. Kim, D. M. Mackie, and C. M. Fitzpatrick, "Integrated-optic, lossless beamsplitters," in Radio Frequency Photonic Devices and Systems, A. R. Pirich, A. P. Goutzoulis, and P. L. Repak, eds., Proc. SPIE 4112,101-108 (2000).
7. L. J. Harrison, T. J. Tayag, G. J. Simonis, M. Stead, G. W. Euliss, and R. P. Leavitt, "Monolithic integration of 1.3-μm Stark-ladder electroabsorption waveguide modulators with multimode-interference splitters," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 657-659 (2000).
8. H.-L. Ma, J.-Y. Yang, X.-Q. Jiang, and M.-H. Wang, "Compact and economical MMI optical power splitter for optical communication," Chinese J. Semicond. 21, 966-969 (2000).
9. D. M. Mackie, H. K. Kim, and C. M. Fitzpatrick, "Integrated, optically-pumped, lossless splitters: progress and chal-lenges," presented at the 22nd Army Science Conference, Baltimore, Md., 11-13 December 2000.
10. D. M. Mackie, "End-pumped waveguide optical splitteramplifiers based on self-imaging," U.S. patent 6,178,276 (23 January 2001).
11. M. R. Paiam, C. F. Janz, R. I. MacDonald, and J. N. Broughton, "Compact planar 980/1550-nm wavelength multi/demultiplexer based on multimode interference," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 7,1180-1182 (1995).
12. K. C. Lin and W. Y. Lee, "Guided-wave 1.3/1.55-μm wavelength division multiplexer based on multimode interference," Electron. Lett. 32, 1259-1261 (1996).
13. D. Kuykendall, C. L. Reitsma, T. J. Tayag, D. M. Mackie, L. J. Harrison, G. W. Euliss, and R. P. Leavitt, "Wavelength division multiplexing coupler based on Talbot self-imaging in planar optical waveguides," in Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on Undergraduate Research (University of North Carolina, Asheville, N.C., 1997), Vol. III, pp. 1215-1219.
14. D. M. Mackie, "Self-imaging waveguide optical polarization or wavelength splitters," U.S. patent 5,838,842 (17 November 1998).
15. D. M. Mackie, "Self-imaging waveguide optical polarization or wavelength splitters," U.S. patent 5,852,691 (22 December 1998).
16. T. Tayag and T. Batchman, "Self-imaging waveguide devices for wavelength division multiplexing applications," U.S. patent 5,862,288 (19 January 1999).
17. B. Li, G. Li, E. Liu, Z. Jiang, J. Qin, and X. Wang, "Low-loss 1 X 2 multimode interference wavelength demultiplexer in silicon-germanium alloy," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 11, 575-577 (1999).
18. G. Kim, B. Kang, S. Lee, H. Chang, M. Choi, S. Lee, D. Woo, and S. Kim, "A multimode-interferenced electrooptic TE/TM mode splitter," in Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (IEEE, Piscataway, N.J., 1999), Vol. 2, pp. 565-566.
19. D. M. Mackie, T. J. Tayag, and T. E. Batchman, "Polarization separation/combination based on self-imaging," Opt. Eng. 40, 2265-2272 (2001).
20. B. M. A. Rahman, N. Somasiri, C. Themistos, and K. T. V. Grattan, "Design of optical polarization splitters in a single-section deeply etched MMI waveguide," Appl. Phys. B 73,613-618 (2001).
21. S.-L. Tsao, H.-C. Guo, and Y.-J. Chen, "Design of a 2*2 MMI MZI SOI electro-optic switch covering C band and L band," Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett. 33, 262-265 (2002).
22. W.-C. Chang, H.-J. Wang, H.-H. Lin, S.-W. Weng, and P.-S. Tsai, "A novel multimode interference optoelectronic AND gate with partial index-modulation regions," in 2001 International Symposium on Electron Devices for Microwave and Optoelectronic Applications (IEEE, Piscataway, N.J., 2001), pp. 335-337.
23. S.-L. Tsao, H.-C. Guo, and Y.-J. Chen, "An SOI X-crossing optical switch," in Solar and Switching Materials, C. M. Lampert, C.-G. Granqvist, and K. L. Lewis, eds., Proc. SPIE 4458, 269-277 (2001).
24. S.-L. Tsao, H.-C. Guo, and Y.-J. Chen, "A novel wavelength switch with a 2 × 2 MMI SOI photonic crystal inside," in Materials and Devices for Photonic Crystals II, M. N. Armenise, ed., Proc. SPIE 4453, 162-169 (2001).
25. C.-H. Lien, H.-H. Lin, S.-W. Weng, H.-J. Wang, and W.-C. Chang, "A compact photonic switch based on multimode interference with partial index-modulation regions," Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett. 33, 174-176 (2002).
26. L. B. Soldano, F. B. Veerman, M. K. Smit, B. H. Verbeek, A. H. Dubost, and E. C. M. Pennings, "Planar monomode optical couplers based on multimode interference effects," J. Lightwave Technol. 10, 1843-1850 (1992).
27. K. C. Lin and W. Y. Lee, "A dual-channel wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer based on the restricted-resonance selfimaging effect," Fiber Integr. Opt. 18, 73-81 (1997).
28. D. S. Levy, R. Scarmozzino, Y. M. Li, and R. M. Osgood, Jr., "A new design for ultracompact multimode interference-based 2 × 2 couplers," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 10, 96-98 (1998).
29. D. S. Levy, R. Scarmozzino, and R. M. Osgood, Jr., "Length reduction of tapered N x N MMI devices," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 10, 830-832 (1998).
30. D. S. Levy, K. H. Park, R. Scarmozzino, R. M. Osgood, Jr., C. Dries, P. Studenkov, and S. Forrest, "Fabrication of ultracompact 3-dB 2 X 2 MMI power splitters," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 11, 1009-1011 (1999).
31. H. Wei, J. Yu, Z. Liu, X. Zhang, W. Shi, and C. Fang, "Fabrication of 2 X 2 tapered multimode interference coupler," Electron. Lett. 36, 1618-1619 (2000).
32. J. M. Hong, H. H. Ryu, S. R. Park, J. W. Jeong, S. G. Lee, E.-H. Lee, S.-G. Park, D. W. Woo, S. Kim, and B.-H. O, "Design and fabrication of a significantly shortened multimode interference coupler for polarization splitter application," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 15, 72-74 (2003).
33. G. A. Fish, L. A. Coldren, and S. P. DenBaars, "Compact InGaAsP/InP 1 × 2 optical switch based on carrier induced suppression of modal interference," Electron. Lett. 33, 1898-1899 (1997).
34. P. Zhao, J. Chrostowski, and W. J. Bock, "Novel multimode coupler switch," Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett. 17, 1-7 (1998).
35. H. H. El-Refaei and D. A. M. Khalil, "Design of strip-loaded weak-guiding multimode interference structure for an optical router," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 34, 2286-2290 (1998).
36. S. Nagai, G. Morishima, M. Yagi, and K. Utaka, "InGaAsP/InP multi-mode interference photonic switches for monolithic photonic integrated circuits," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 38, pt. 1, 1269-1272 (1999).
37. S. Nagai, G. Morishima, H. Inayoshi, and K. Utaka, "Multimode interference photonic switches (MIPS)," J. Lightwave Technol. 20, 675-681 (2002).
38. K. Ishida, H. Nakamura, H. Matsumura, T. Kadoi, and H. Inoue, "InGaAsP/InP optical switches using carrier induced refractive index change," Appl. Phys. Lett. 50, 141-142 (1987).
39. F. Ito, M. Matsuura, and T. Tanifuji, "A carrier injection type optical switch in GaAs using free carrier plasma dispersion with wavelength range from 1.06 to 1.55 μm," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 25, 1677-1681 (1989).
40. J. C. Campbell and T. Li, "Electro-optic multimode waveguide modulator or switch," J. Appl. Phys. 50, 6149-6154 (1979).
41. M. P. Earnshaw and D. W. E. Allsopp, "Semiconductor space switches based on multimode interference couplers," J. Lightwave Technol. 20, 643-650 (2002).
42. D. M, Mackie and A. W. Lee, "Slotted multimode interference devices for reduced-length integrated optical wavelength or polarization splitters," presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, Baltimore, Md., 1-6 June 2003.
43. T. J. Tayag, D. M. Mackie, and G. W. Bryant, "A manufacturable technique for implementing low-loss self-imaging waveguide beamsplitters," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 7, 896-898 (1995).
44. T. J. Tayag, "Easily manufacturable optical self-imaging waveguide," U.S. patent 5,640,474 (17 June 1997).
45. M. Bachmann, P. A. Besse, and H. Melchior, "General self-imaging properties in N × N multimode interference couplers including phase relations," Appl. Opt. 33, 3905-3911 (1994).
46. A. J. P. Hnatiw, R. I. MacDonald, P. S. Apte, and W. D. MacDonald, "A silica based integrated optic microwave power sensor," in Applications of Photonic Technology, 2. Communications, Sensing, Materials, and Signal Processing, G. A. Lampropoulos and R. A. Lessard, eds. (Plenum, New York, 1997), pp. 831-836.
47. C. Aramburu, C. Vazquez, M. Galarza, M. Lopez-Amo, and J. M. S. Pena, "Mode filter using multimode interference principles: design and tolerance analysis for accessing waveguides supporting two guided modes," Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett. 26, 140-142 (2000).
48. T. J. Tayag, M. B. Steer, J. F. Harvey, A. B. Yakovlev, and J. Davis, "Spatial power splitting and combining based on the Talbot effect," IEEE Microwave Wireless Components Lett. 12, 9-11 (2002).
49. P. Xi, C. Zhou, E. Dai, and L. Liu, "Novel method for ultrashort laser pulse-width measurement based on the selfdiffraction effect," Opt. Express 10, 1099-1104 (2002), http://www.opticsexpress.org.