The impact of serious crime, racial threat, and economic inequality on private police size

Social Science Research

Volumn 34, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 267-282

  D'Alessio, Stewart J ^a   Eitle, David ^a   Stolzenberg, Lisa ^a  

^a FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Economic inequality; Private police; Public demand; Racial threat

Indexed keywords

EID: 12344265865     PISSN: 0049089X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2004.02.002     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Aiken L.S. West S.G. Multiple Regression: Testing and Interpreting Interactions 1991 Sage Newbury Park, CA
2. Bayley D.H. Shearing C.D. The future of policing Law and Society Review 30 1996 585-606
3. Bayley D.H. Shearing C.D. The New Structure of Policing: Description, Conceptualization, and Research Agenda 2001 National Institute of Justice Washington, DC
4. Becker G.S. Crime and punishment: An economic approach Journal of Political Economy 76 1968 169-217
5. Blalock H.M. Jr. Toward a Theory of Minority-Group Relations 1967 Capricorn Books New York
6. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2000. Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2000-2001. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
7. Chamblis W.J. Seidman R. Law, Order, and Power 1980 Addison-Wesley Reading, PA
8. Eitle D. D'Alessio S.J. Stolzenberg L. Racial threat and social control: A test of the political, economic, and threat of black crime hypotheses Social Forces 81 2002 557-576
9. Forst B. Policing with legitimacy, equity, and efficiency In: Forst B. Manning P.K. (Eds.) The Privatization of Policing: Two Views 1999 3-48 Georgetown University Press Washington, DC
10. Forst B. Manning P.K. The Privatization of Policing: Two Views 1999 Georgetown University Press Washington, DC
11. Greenberg D.F. West V. State prison populations and their growth, 1971-1991 Criminology 39 2001 615-653
12. Greenberg D.F. Kessler R.C. Loftin C. Social inequality and crime control Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 76 1985 684-704
13. Greenwood M.J. Wadycki W.J. Crime rates and public expenditures for police protection: Their interaction Review of Social Economics 31 1973 138-151
14. Gujarati D.N. Basic Econometrics third ed. 1995 McGraw-Hill New York
15. Harring S.L. Policing a Class Society 1983 Rutgers University Press New Brunswick
16. Jackson P.I. Minority Group Threat, Crime, and Policing: Social Context and Social Control 1989 Praeger New York
17. Jackson P.I. Carroll L. Race and the war on crime: The sociopolitical determinants of municipal police expenditures American Sociological Review 46 1981 290-305
18. Jacobs D. Inequality and police strength: Conflict theory and coercive control in metropolitan areas American Sociological Review 44 1979 913-925
19. Jacobs D. O'Brien R.M. The determinants of deadly force: A structural analysis of police violence American Journal of Sociology 103 1998 837-862
20. Jacobs D. Helms R.E. Testing coercive explanations for order: the determinants of law enforcement strength over time Social Forces 75 1997 1361-1392
21. Jacobs D. Wood K. Interracial conflict and interracial homicide: do political and economic rivalries explain white killings of blacks or black killings of whites? American Journal of Sociology 105 1999 157-190
22. Johnston L. The Rebirth of Private Policing 1992 Routledge & Kegan Paul London
23. Kakalik J.S. Wildhorn S. The Private Police: Security and Danger 1977 Crone Russak New York
24. Land K.C. Felson M. A general framework for building dynamic macro social indicator models: Including an analysis of changes in crime rates and police expenditures American Journal of Sociology 82 1976 565-604
25. Liska A.E. (Ed.) Social Threat and Social Control 1992 SUNY Press Albany
26. Liska A.E. Lawrence J.J. Benson M. Perspectives on the legal order: The capacity for social control American Journal of Sociology 87 1981 413-426
27. Nalla M.K. Heraux C.G. Assessing goals and functions of private police Journal of Criminal Justice 31 2003 237-247
28. Parker R.N. Horwitz A.V. Unemployment, crime, and imprisonment: a panel approach Criminology 24 1986 751-773
29. Quinney R. Class, State, and Crime 1977 Longman New York
30. Rock P. Law, order, and power in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century In: Cohen S. Scull A. (Eds.) Social Control and the State 1983 Martin Robertson Oxford
31. Scott T.M. McPherson M. The development of the private sector of the criminal justice system Law and Society Review 6 1971 267-288
32. Sever B. The relationship between minority populations and police force strength: Expanding our knowledge Police Quarterly 4 2001 28-68
33. Shearing C.D. The relation between public and private policing In: Tonry M. Morris N. (Eds.) Modern Policing 1992 399-434 University of Chicago Press Chicago, IL
34. Shearing C.D. Stenning P.C. The quiet revolution: The nature, development, and general legal implications of private security in Canada Criminal Law Quarterly 22 1980 220-248
35. Shearing C.D. Stenning P.C. Private security: Implications for social control Social Problems 30 1983 493-506
36. Sklansky D.A. The private police UCLA Law Review 46 1999 1165-1287
37. SPSS Inc., 2001. SPSS 11.0 Regression Models. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
38. StataCorp., 2003. Stata Base Reference Manuals, vol. 3. Stata Press, College Station, TX
39. Swimmer E. Measurement of the effectiveness of urban law enforcement - a simultaneous approach Southern Economic Journal 40 1974 618-630
40. Tilly C. Coercion, Capital, and European States, AD 990-1992 1992 Blackwell Boston
41. Turk A.T. Criminality and the Legal Order 1969 Rand-McNally Chicago
42. United States Committee on Education and Labor, 1971. Private Police Systems. Arno Press and the New York Times, New York
43. Weber M. Economy and Society 1968 University of California Press Berkeley, CA