New perspective on the architecture of the Late Devonian arborescent lycopsid Leptophloeum rhombicum (Leptophloeaceae)

American Journal of Botany

Volumn 92, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 83-91

  Wang, Qi ^a   Geng, Bao Yin ^a   Dilcher, David L ^b  

^a INSTITUTE OF BOTANY   (China)

^b UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

Author keywords

Arborescent lycopsids; Architecture; Iso tales s.l.; Late Devonian; Leptophloeum rhombicum

Indexed keywords

DEVONIAN; PALEOBOTANY; PLANT ARCHITECTURE; TAXONOMY;

BRYOPHYTA; BRYOPHYTES; ENTOVALVA; ISOETALES; LEPTOPHLOEACEAE; LEPTOPHLOEUM RHOMBICUM; LYCOPODIOPSIDA; PTERIDOPHYTA;

EID: 12244311265     PISSN: 00029122     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3732/ajb.92.1.83     Document Type: Article

References (89)

1. ALGEO, T. J., R. A. BERNER, J. B. MAYNARD, AND S. E. SCHECKLER. 1995. Late Devonian oceanic anoxic events and biotic crises: "rooted" in the evolution of vascular land plants? GSA TODAY (Geological Society of America) 5: 64-66.
2. ALGEO, T. J., S. E. SCHECKLER, AND J. B. MAYNARD. 2001. Effects of the Middle to Late Devonian spread of vascular land plants on weathering regimes, marine biotas, and global climate. In P. G. Gensel and D. Edwards [eds.], Plants invade the land: evolutionary & environmental perspectives, 213-236. Columbia University Press, New York, New York, USA.
3. ANDREWS, H. N., AND W. H. MURDY. 1958. Lepidophloios and ontogeny in arborescent lycopods. American Journal of Botany 45: 552-560.
4. BANKS, H. P. 1960. Notes on Devonian lycopods. Senckenbergiana Lethaea 41: 59-88.
5. BANKS, H. P. 1966. Devonian flora of New York State. Empire State Geogram 4: 10-24.
6. BATEMAN, R. M. 1992. Morphometric reconstruction, palaeobiology and phylogeny of Oxroadia gracilis Alvin emend. and O. conferta sp. nov.: anatomically-preserved rhizomorphic lycopsids from the Dinantian of Oxroad Bay, Se Scotland. Palaeontographica 228B: 29-103.
7. BATEMAN, R. M. 1994. Evolutionary-developmental changes in the growth architecture of fossil rhizomorphic lycopsids: scenarios constructed on cladistic foundations. Biological Review 69: 527-597.
8. BATEMAN, R. M. 1996. Nonfloral homoplasy and evolutionary scenarios in living and fossil land plants. In M. J. Sanderson and L. Hufford [eds.], Homoplasy: the recurrence of similarity in evolution, 91-130. Academic Press, London, UK.
9. BATEMAN, R. M., AND W. A. DIMICHELE. 1991. Hizemodendron, gen. nov., a pseudoherbaceous segregate of Lepidodendron (Pennsylvanian): phylogenetic context for evolutionary changes in lycopsid growth architecture. Systematic Botany 16: 195-205.
10. BATEMAN, R. M., AND W. A. DIMICHELE. 1994. Saltational evolution of form in vascular plants: a neoGoldschmidtian synthesis. In D. S. Ingram and A. Hudson [eds.], Shape and form in plants and fungi, 63-102. Academic Press, London, UK.
11. BATEMAN, R. M., W. A. DIMICHELE, AND D. A. WILLARD. 1992. Experimental cladistic analysis of anatomically preserved arborescent lycopsids from the Carboniferous of Euramerica: an essay on paleobotanical phylogenetics. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 79: 500-559.
12. BERRY, C. M., AND M. FAIRON-DEMARET. 2001. The Middle Devonian flora revisited. In P. G. Gensel and D. Edwards [eds.], Plants invade the land: evolutionary & environmental perspectives, 120-139. Columbia University Press, New York, USA.
13. BERRY, C. M., AND M. FAIRON-DEMARET. 2002. The architecture of Pseudosporochnus nodosus Leclercq et Banks: a Middle Devonian Cladoxylopsid from Belgium. International Journal of Plant Sciences 163: 699-713.
14. BERRY, C. M., Y. WANG, AND C. CAI. 2003. A lycopsid with novel reproductive structures from the Upper Devonian of Jiangsu, China. International Journal of Plant Sciences 164: 263-273.
15. CAI, C. 2000. Non-marine Devonian System. In Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [ed.], Stratigraphical studies in China (1979-1999), 95-127. China University of Science and Technology Press, Hefei, P. R. China.
16. CAI, C., AND L. CHEN. 1996. On a Chinese Givetian lycopod, Longostachys latisporophyllus Zhu, Hu and Feng, emend.: its morphology, anatomy and reconstruction. Palaeontographica 238B: 1-43.
17. CAI, C., S. CHITALEY, AND Y. Dou. 2002. Studies on some permineralized lycopsid remains from the Upper Devonian of North Xinjiang, NW China. Palaeontographica 262B: 119-136.
18. CAI, C., AND X. LI. 1995. A review of Silurian and Devonian macrofloras in China. Palaeontologia Cathayana 6: 167-214.
19. CAI, C., AND H. QIN. 1986. First discovery of a stem with internal structure referable to Leptophloeum rhombicum from the Upper Devonian, Xinjiang. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 25: 516-524.
20. CARRUTHERS, W. 1872. Notes on fossil plants from Queensland, Australia. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 28: 350-360.
21. CHALONER, W. G. 1967. Lycophyta. In W. G. Boureau, O. A. Høeg, S. Jovet-Ast, and W. G. Chaloner [eds.], Traité de Paléobotanique 2, 435-802. Masson et Cie, Paris, France.
22. CHALONER, W. G., AND A. SHEERIN. 1979. Devonian macrofloras. In The Devonian System, Special Papers in Palaeontology 23: 145-161. Palaeontological Association, London, UK.
23. CHEN, G., AND J. JIN. 1996. Devonian-Jurassic. In Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Hubei Province [eds.], Stratigraphy (Lithostratic) of Hubei Province, 140-160. China University of Geosciences Press, Wuhan, P. R. China.
24. CHITALEY, S., AND K. B. PIGG. 1996. Clevelandodendron ohioensis, gen. et sp. nov., a slender upright lycopsid from the Late Devonian Cleveland Shale of Ohio. American Journal of Botany 83: 781-789.
25. CRESSLER, W. L., AND H. W. PFEFFERKORN. In press. A Late Devonian isoetalean lycopsid, Otzinachsonia beerhoweri, gen. et sp. nov., from north-central Pennsylvania, USA. American Journal of Botany.
26. DANZÉ-CORSIN, P. 1962. Les Lépidophytes, historique et classifications. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique et Biologie Végétale 12: 293-319.
27. DAWSON, J. W. 1862. On the flora of the Devonian period in North-Eastern America. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 18: 296-330.
28. DAWSON, J. W. 1863. Further observations on the Devonian plants of Maine, Gaspé, and New York. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 19: 458-473.
29. DIJKSTRA, S. J., AND H. W. J. VAN AMEROM. 1994. Lycopodiales XI 2. Supplement. In H. W J. van Amerom [ed.], Fossilium Catalogus II: Plantae 95, 129-143. Kugler Publications, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
30. DIMICHELE, W. A., AND R. M. BATEMAN. 1992. Diaphorodendraceae, fam. nov. (Lycopsida: Carboniferous): systematics and evolutionary relationships of Diaphorodendron and Synchysidendron, gen. nov. American Journal of Botany 79: 605-617.
31. DIMICHELE, W. A., AND R. M. BATEMAN. 1996. The rhizomorphic lycopsids: a case-study in paleobotanical classification. Systematic Botany 21: 535-552.
32. DIMICHELE, W. A., AND T. L. PHILLIPS. 1985. Aborescent lycopod reproduction and paleoecology in a coal-swamp environment of Late Middle Pennsylvanian age (Herrin coal, Illinois, U.S.A.). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 44: 1-26.
33. EDWARDS, D., AND C. M. BERRY. 1991. Silurian and Devonian. In C. J. Cleal [ed.], Plant fossils in geological investigation: the Palaeozoic, 117-153. Ellis Horwood Limited, UK.
34. EGGERT, D. A. 1961. The ontogeny of Carboniferous arborescent lycopsida. Palaeontographica 108B: 43-92.
35. FENG, S. 1984. Devonian system and plant kingdom. In Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources of Yichang [eds.], Biostratigraphy of the Yangtze Gorge Area-Late Palaeozoic Era, 3: 6-31, 293-317. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, P. R. China.
36. GENG, B. 1990. New observations on Leptophloeum rhombicum from the Upper Devonian of Hubei, China. Acta Botanica Sinica 32: 951-956.
37. GENG, B. 1995. Leptophloeum rhombicum. In C. Li and J. Cui [eds.], Atlas of fossil plant anatomy in China, 18. Science Press, Beijing, P. R. China.
38. GENSEL, P. G., AND C. M. BERRY. 2001. Early lycophyte evolution. American Fern Journal 91: 74-98.
39. GRIERSON, J. D., AND H. P. BANKS. 1963. Lycopods of the Devonian of New York State. Palaeontographica Americana 4: 220-295.
40. GU (NANJING INSTITUTE OF GEOLOGY AND PALAEONOTOLOGY) AND ZHI (INSTITUTE OF BOTANY, BEIJING). 1974. Chinese plant fossils, vol. 1, Chinese Palaeozoic plants, 21-23. Science Press, Beijing, P. R. China.
41. HILTON, J., B. GENG, AND P. KENRICK. 2003. A novel Late Devonian (Frasnian) woody cladoxylopsid from China. International Journal of Plant Sciences 164: 793-805.
42. HLUSTIK, A. 1991. Late Palaeozoic floras of the Wadi ash Shati area, Libya. In M. J. Salem, O. S. Hammuda, and B. A. Eliagoubi feds.], The geology of Libya: Third Symposium on the Geology of Libya, 1275-1284. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
43. JONKER, F. P. 1976. The Carboniferous "genera" Ulodendron and Haloniaan assessment. Palaeontographica 157B: 97-111.
44. KENRICK, P., AND P. R. CRANE. 1997. The origin and early diversification of land plants: a cladistic study. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
45. KLAVINS, S. D. 2004. Re-interpretation of Wexfordia hookense from the Upper Devonian of Ireland as an arborescent lycophyte. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 144: 275-287.
46. KRÄUSEL, R., AND H. WEYLAND. 1941. Pflanzenreste aus dem Devon von Nord-Amerika. Palaeontographica 86B: 1-78.
47. KRÄUSEL, R., AND H. WEYLAND. 1949. Pflanzenreste aus dem Devon. XIV. Gilboaphyton und die Protolepidophytales. Senckenbergiana 30: 129-152.
48. LEARY, R. L., AND B. A. THOMAS. 1989. Lepidodendron aculeatum with attached foliage: evidence of stem morphology and fossilization processes. American Journal of Botany 76: 283-288.
49. LEMOIGNE, Y. 1982. Le Genre Leptophloeum Dawson, 1862 Du Dévonien. Géobios 15: 33-41.
50. LEMOIGNE, Y. 1988. La flore au cours des temps géologiques. Géohios (mémoire spécial) 10: 130-132. Édition De L' Université Claude-Bernard, Lyon, France.
51. LI, X., Y. DOU, AND Z. SUN. 1986. The genus Leptophloeum Dawson based on a recent study of new material from the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 25: 349-379.
52. MEYER-BERTHAUD, B., S. E. SCHECKLER, AND J. WENDT. 1999. Archaeopteris is the earliest known modern tree. Nature 398: 700-701.
53. MEYER-BERTHAUD, B., S. E. SCHECKLER, AND J.-L. BOUSQUET. 2000. The development of Archaeopteris: new evolutionary characters from the structural analysis of an Early Famennian trunk from southeast Morocco. American Journal of Botany 87: 456-468.
54. NICOLINI, E., B. CHANSON, AND F. BONNE. 2001. Stem growth and epicormic branch formation in understory beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.). Annals of Botany 87: 737-750.
55. NIKLAS, K. J. 1993. Ontogenetic-response models and the evolution of plant size. Evolutionary Trends in Plants 7: 42-48.
56. NIKLAS, K. J. 1997. The evolutionary biology of plants, 1-449. The University of Chicago Press, Illinois, USA.
57. NIKLAS, K. J., AND T. SPECK. 2001. Evolutionary trends in safety factors against wind-induced stem failure. American Journal of Botany 88: 1266-1278.
58. PIGG, K. B. 2001. Isoetalean lycopsid evolution: from the Devonian to the present. American Fern Journal 91: 99-114.
59. PIGG, K. B., AND G. W. ROTHWELL. 1985. Cortical development in Chaloneria cormosa (Isoetales), and the biological derivation of compressed lycophyte decortication taxa. Palaeontology 28: 545-553.
60. PICHI-SEMOLLI, R. E. G. 1958. The higher taxa of the pteridophyta and their classification. In O. Hedberg [ed.], Systematics of to-day. Uppsala Universitets Årsskrifi (Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis) 6: 70-90.
61. PLUMSTEAD, E. P. 1967. A general review of the Devonian fossil plants found in the Cape System of South Africa. Palaeontologia Africana, Annals of the Bernard Price Institute for Palaeontological Research (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg) 10: 1-83.
62. SCHECKLER, S. E. 1976. Ontogeny of progymnosperms. I. Shoots of Upper Devonian Aneurophytales. Canadian Journal of Botany 54: 202-219.
63. SCHECKLER, S. E. 1978. Ontogeny of progymnosperms. II. Shoots of Upper Devonian Archaeopteridales. Canadian Journal of Botany 56: 3136-3170.
64. SCHECKLER, S. E. 1986. Floras of the Devonian-Mississippian transition. In R. A. Gastaldo and T. W. Broadhead [eds.], Land plants: notes for a short course, 81-96. University of Tennessee Department of Geological Sciences Studies in Geology 15.
65. SCHWEITZER, H.-J. 1965. Über Bergeria mimerensis und Protolepidodendropsis pulchra aus dem Devon Westspitzbergen. Palaeontographica 115B: 117-138.
66. SCHWEITZER, H.-J., AND C. LI. 1996. Chamaedendron nov. gen., eine multisporangiate lycophyte aus dem Frasnian Südchinas. Palaeontographica 238B: 45-69.
67. SENKEVITCH, M. A., A. L. YURINA, AND A. D. ARKHANGELSKAYA. 1993. On fructifications, morphology and anatomy of Givetian lepidophytes in Kazakhstan (USSR). Palaeontographica 230B: 43-58.
68. SORIA, A., AND B. MEYER-BERTHAUD. 2004. Tree fern growth strategy in the Late Devonian cladoxylopsid species Pietzschia levis from the study of its stem and root system. American Journal of Botany 91: 10-23.
69. SPECK, T., AND N. P. ROWE. 1999. A quantitative approach for analytically defining size, growth form and habit in living and fossil plants. In M. H. Kurmann and A. R. Hemsley [eds.], The evolution of plant architecture, 447-479. Whitstable Litho Printers Ltd., Whitstable, Kent, UK.
70. SRIVASTAVA, G. K., AND P. C. SRIVASTAVA. 2001. Origin and evolution of heterosporous lycopods. Phytomorphology (Golden Jubilee Issue) 51: 499-527.
71. STEIN, W. E., D. C. WIGHT, AND C. B. BECK. 1982. Techniques for preparation of pyrite and limonite permineralizations. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 36: 185-194.
72. SZE. H. C. 1952. Upper Devonian plants from China. Scientia Sinica 1: 166-192.
73. SZE, H. C. 1956. Ein neuer fund von Leptophloeum rhombicum Dawson aus dem Oberdevon von Sinkiang. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 4: 361-363.
74. THOMAS, B. A., AND S. V. MEYEN. 1984. A system of form-genera for the Upper Palaeozoic lepidophyte stems represented by compression-impression material. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 41: 273-281.
75. TOMLINSON, P. B. 1983. Tree architecture: new approaches help to define the elusive biological property of tree form. American Scientist 71: 141-149.
76. TRIVETT, M. L. 1993. An architectural analysis of Archaeopteris, a fossil tree with pseudomonopodial and opportunistic adventitious growth. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 111: 301-329.
77. WALTON, J. 1926. On some Australian fossil plants referable to the genus Leptophloeum Dawson. Manchester Memoirs 70: 113-123.
78. WANG, Q. 2002. Studies on the genus Sublepidodendron (Nathorst) Hirmer, 1927. Ph.D. dissertation, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China. Request at website: http://www.lib.pku.edu.cn/xwlw.html.
79. WANG, Q., AND S. HAO. 2003. Review of the genus Sublepidodendron (Nathorst) Hirmer, 1927. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 42: 598-612.
80. WANG, Q., S. HAO, AND D. WANG. 2003a. A cladistic study on Sublepidodendron (Nathorst) Hirmer and its related genera. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis 39: 858-870.
81. WANG, Q., S. HAO, D. WANG, AND D. L. DILCHER. 2002. An anatomically preserved arborescent lycopsid, Sublepidodendron songziense (Sublepidodendraceae), from the Late Devonian of Hubei, China. American Journal of Botany 89: 1468-1477.
82. WANG, Q., S. HAO, D. WANG, Y. WANG, AND T. DENK. 2003b. A Late Devonian arborescent lycopsids Sublepidodendron songziense emend. (Sublepidodendraceae Kräusel et Weyland 1949), with a revision of the genus Sublepidodendron (Nathorst) Hirmer 1927. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 127: 269-305.
83. WANG, Q., C. LI, B. GENG, AND S. CHITALEY. 2003c. A new species of Lepidostrobus from the Upper Devonian of Xinjiang, China and its bearing on the phylogenetic significance of the order Isoëtales. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 143: 55-67.
84. WANG, Y. 2001. A new lycopsid megaspore cone from the Upper Devonian of Chaohu, China. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 136: 439-448.
85. WANG, Y., AND H. XU. In press. Sublepidodendron grabaui (Sze) emend. A lycopsid from Upper Devonian of China. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society.
86. WANG, Z., AND B. GENG. 1997. A new Middle Devonian plant: Metacladophyton tetraxylum gen. et sp. nov. Palaeontographica 243B: 85-102.
87. WNUK, C. 1985. The ontogeny and paleoecology of Lepidodendron rimosum and Lepidodendron brelonense trees from the Middle Pennsylvanian of the Bernice Basin (Sullivan County, Pennsylvania). Palaeontographica 195B: 153-181.
88. WNUK, C. 1989. Ontogeny and paleoecology of the Middle Pennsylvanian arborescent lycopsid Bothrodendron punctatum, Bothrodendraceae (western middle anthracite field, Shamokin quadrangle, Pennsylvania). American Journal of Botany 76: 966-980.
89. ZHAO, X., X. WU, AND Q. GU. 1986. Late Devonian flora from southern Ningxia. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 25: 544-559.