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Nickel JC, Downey J, Johnston B, et al. Predictors of patient response to antibiotic therapy for the chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a prospective multicenter clinical trial. J Urol 2001; 165:1539-1544. This study demonstrated the equal benefit of antibiotics in all categories of CPPS, seriously questioning the relevance of "bacterial prostatitis" as determined by the Stamey localization in men who present with symptoms of pelvic pain.
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Nickel JC, Alexander RB, Schaeffer AJ, et al. Leukocyte and bacteria localization comparisons in men with chronic pelvic pain syndrome and asymptomatic men: a case controlled study [abstract]. J Urol 2002; 165 (Suppl.):24. This study shows that an equal number of normal men and men with symptoms of pelvic pain have bacteria "localized" to the prostate on the Stamey localization. This research, when published, will probably be the end of the Stamey localization procedure.
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Muller CH, Berger RE, Mohr LE, Krieger JN. Comparison of microscopic methods for detecting inflammation in expressed prostatic secretions. J Urol 2001; 166:2518-2524. This paper demonstrates that the haemocytometer is the "gold standard" for evaluating the presence of leukocytes in EPS.
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Nickel JC, True LD, Krieger JN, et al. Consensus development of a histopathological classification system for chronic prostatic inflammation. Br J Urol Int 2001; 87:787-805. This article outlined the accepted classification for the determination of histological inflammation, which should be adopted for all further studies of histological prostatitis - to allow for standardized comparisons between studies.
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McNaughton-Collins M, Meigs JB, Barry MJ, et al. Prevalence and correlates of prostatitis in the health professionals follow-up study cohort. J Urol 2002; 167:1363-1366. This is the largest epidemiological study of prostatitis to date, and shows important correlates of prostatitis. Importantly, it shows the association of BPH and lower urinary tract symptoms with prostatitis, which may mean that upon the resolution of "prostatitis" the disturbance of urination is diagnosed as BPH or lower urinary tract symptoms.
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Nickel JC, Downey J, Hunter D, Clark J. Prevalence of prostatitis-like symptoms in a population based study using the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index. J Urol 2001; 165:842-845. This study uses the NIH-CPSI for the first time in an epidemiological study.
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Nickel, J.C.1
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Litwin MS, McNaughton-Collins M, Fowler FJ, et al. The National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index: development and validation of a new outcome measure. J Urol 1999; 162:369-375.
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Ku JH, Kim ME, Lee NK, Park YH. Influence of environmental factors on chronic prostatitis-like symptoms in young men: results of a community based survey. Urology 2001; 58:853-858. This study points to diminished sunlight exposure and reduced educational levels as being associations of "prostatitis-like" symptoms.
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Mehik A, Hellström P, Lukkarinen O, et al. Epidemiology of prostatitis in Finnish men: a population-based cross-sectional study. Br J Urol Int 2000; 86:443-448.
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Mehik A, Hellström P, Sarpola A, et al. Fears, sexual disturbance and personality features in men with prostatitis: a population-based cross-sectional study in Finland. Br J Urol Int 2001; 88:35-38. This study shows that clinicians need to allay the fears of prostate cancer in treating men with prostatitis.
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Turner JA, Hauge S, Von Korff M, et al. Primary care and urology patients with the male pelvic pain syndrome: symptoms and quality of life. J Urol 2002; 167:1768-1773. Demonstrates that not air "prostatitis" patient populations are equal in terms of the duration or severity of symptoms.
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J Gen Intern Med
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Miller LJ, Fischer KA, Goralnick SJ, et al. Interleukin-10 levels in seminal plasma: implications for chronic prostatitis-chronic pelvic pain syndrome. J Urol 2002; 167-753-756. A case-controlled study, which shows the elevation of seminal plasma cytokines in CPPS, along with the correlation of urinary symptoms and seminal plasma cytokines.
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Miller, L.J.1
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John H, Barghorn A, Funke G, et al. Noninflammatory chronic pelvic pain syndrome: immunological study in blood, ejaculate and prostate tissue. Eur Urol 2001; 39:72-78. This study of IIIB prostatitis shows that "non-inflammatory" prostatitis is not necessarily non-inflammatory. It also strongly points to an autoimmune process with the involvement of CD8 T cells. A strong correlation of seminal plasma cytokines and histological inflammation was also demonstrated.
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Shoskes DA, Albakri Q, Thomas K, Cook D. Cytokine polymorphisms in men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: associations with diagnosis and treatment responses. J Urol 2002; 168:331-335. Shows that some CPPS patients have the genotype of low IL-10 producers (IL-10 is a regulatory, "anti-inflammatory" cytokine), again points to auto-immunity.
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J Urol
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J Urol
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