Evaluation of stress responses to interval training at low and moderate altitudes

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

Volumn 35, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 263-269

  Niess, Andreas Michael ^a   Fehrenbach, Elvira ^b   Strobel, Günther ^c   Roecker, Kai ^a   Schneider, Elisabeth Marion ^d   Buergler, Julia ^b   Fuss, Simone ^b   Lehmann, Rainer ^b   Northoff, Hinnak ^b   Dickhuth, Hans Hermann ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TÜBINGEN   (Germany)

^c FREIE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN   (Germany)

^d UNIVERSITY OF ULM   (Germany)

Author keywords

Altitude training; Catecholamines; Cortisol; Cytokines; Epo; Glucose; HGH, IGF I; Leukocytes

Indexed keywords

ADRENALIN; FATTY ACID; GROWTH HORMONE; INTERLEUKIN 6; INTERLEUKIN 8; LACTIC ACID; NORADRENALIN;

ACUTE PHASE RESPONSE; ADULT; ALTITUDE ACCLIMATIZATION; ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD; ARTICLE; ATHLETE; BLOOD SAMPLING; BODY MASS; CONTROLLED STUDY; ENDURANCE; FEMALE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; GROWTH HORMONE BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; HYDROCORTISONE BLOOD LEVEL; LACTATE BLOOD LEVEL; MALE; NEUTROPHIL; NORADRENALIN BLOOD LEVEL; NORMAL HUMAN; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; RUNNING; STRESS; SYMPATHETIC TONE; TRAINING;

ADULT; ALTITUDE; CYTOKINES; FEMALE; GLUCOSE; HUMANS; HYDROCORTISONE; LACTIC ACID; MALE; NOREPINEPHRINE; PHYSICAL ENDURANCE; RUNNING; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL;

EID: 12244277608     PISSN: 01959131     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000048834.68889.81     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. 2max and running performance. J. Appl. Physiol. 39:262-266, 1975.
2. BARTON, B. E. Insights into novel biological activities. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 85:16-20, 1997.
3. BERGLUND, B. High-altitude training: aspects of haematological adaptation. Sports Med. 14:289-303, 1992.
4. BÖNING D. Altitude and hypoxic training: a short review. Int. J. Sports Med. 18:565-570, 1997.
5. BOUISSOU, P., F. PERONNET, G. BRISSON, R. HELIE, and M. LEDOUX. Metabolic and endocrine responses to graded exercise under acute hypoxia. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 55:290-294, 1986.
6. DILL, D. B., and D. L. COSTILL. Calculation of percentage changes in volumes of blood plasma and red cells in dehydration. J. Appl. Physiol. 37:247-248, 1974.
7. GABRIEL, H., T. KULLMER, L. SCHWARZ, et al. Circulating leucocyte subpopulations in sedentary subjects following graded maximal exercise with hypoxia. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 67:348-353, 1993.
8. GARDNER, M. J., and D. G. ALTMAN. Confidence intervals rather than P values: estimation rather than hypothesis testing. Br. Med. J. 292:746-750, 1986.
9. JACKSON, C. G. R., and B. J. SHARKEY. Altitude, training and human performance. Sports Med. 6:279-284, 1988.
10. KJAER, M., J. BANGSBO, G. LORTIE, and H. GALBO. Hormonal response to exercise in humans: influence of hypoxia and physical training. Am. J. Physiol. 254:R197-R203, 1988.
11. KLOKKER, M., A. KHARAZMI, H. GALBO, I. BYGBJERG, and B. K. PEDERSEN. Influence of in vivo hypobaric hypoxia on function of lymphocytes, neutrocytes, natural killer cells, and cytokines. J. Appl. Physiol. 74:1100-1106, 1993.
12. KLOKKER, M., M. KJAER, N. H. SECHER, et al. Natural killer cell response to exercise in humans: effect of hypxia and epidural anesthesia. J. Appi. Physiol. 78:709-716, 1995.
13. LEUENBERGER, U., K. GLEESON, K. WROBLEWSKI, et al. Norepinephrine clearance is increased during acute hypoxia in humans. Am. J. Physiol. 261:H1659-H1664, 1991.
14. LEVINE, B., and J. STRAY- GUNDERSEN. "Living high - training low": effect of moderate-altitude acclimatization with low-altitude training on performance. J. Appl. Physiol. 83:102-112, 1997.
15. LEVINE, B. D., and J. STRAY-GUNDERSEN. The effects of altitude training are mediated primarily by acclimatization, rather than by hypoxic exercise. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 502:75-88, 2001.
16. LUNDBY, C., M. ARAOZ, and G. VAN HALL. Peak heart rate decreases with increasing severity of acute hypoxia. High Alt. Med. Biol. 2:369-376, 2001.
17. MAHER, J. T., L. G. JONES, and L. H. HARTLEY. Effects of highaltitude exposure on submaximal endurance exercise capacity of men. J. Appl. Physiol. 37:895-989, 1974.
18. MAZZEO, R. S., G. A. BROOKS, G. E. BUTTERFIELD, D. A. PODOLIN, E. E. WOLFEL, and J. T. REEVES. Acclimatization to high altitude increases muscle sympathetic activity both at rest and during exercise. Am. J. Physiol. 269:R201-R207, 1995.
19. MAZZEO, R. S., D. DONOVAN, M. FLESHNER, et al. Interleukin-6 response to exercise and high-altitude exposure: influence of alpha-adrenergic blockade. J. Appl. Physiol. 91:2143-2149, 2001.
20. NIESS, A. M., K. ROECKER, I. BAUMANN, H. STRIEGEL, and H.-H. DICKHUTH. Lactate behaviour during extensive interval training at sea-level and moderate altitude. Leistungssport 29(3):49-53, 1999.
21. NIESS, A. M., F. PASSEK, I. LORENZ, et al. Expression of the antioxidant stress protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in human leukocytes: acute and adaptational responses to endurance exercise. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 26:184-192, 1999.
22. NORTHOFF, H., and A. BERG. Immunologic mediators as parameters of the reaction to strenuous exercise. Int. J. Sports Med. 12(Suppl.):9-15, 1991.
23. OGAKI, T., A. SAITO, S. KANAYA, and T. FUJINO. Plasma sulphoconjugated catecholamines dynamics up to 8 h after 60-min exercise at 50% and 70% maximal oxygen uptakes. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 72:6-11, 1995.
24. PEDERSEN, B. K. Exercise and cytokines. Immunol. Cell Biol. 78:532-535, 2000.
25. PEDERSEN, B. K., H. BRUUNSGAARD, M. KLOKKER, et al. Exerciseinduced immunomodulation: possible roles of neuroendocrine and metabolic factors. Int. J. Sports Med. 18:S2-S7, 1997.
26. ROBERTS, A. C., G. E. BUTTERFIELD, A. CYMERMAN, J. T. REEVES, E. E. WOLFEL, and G. A. BROOKS. Acclimatization to 4300 m altitude decreases reliance on fat as a substrate. J. Appl. Physiol. 81:1762-1771, 1996.
27. ROBERTS, A. C., J. T. REEVES, G. E. BUTTERFIELD, et al. Altitude and β-blockade augment glucose utilization during submaximal exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 80:605-615, 1996.
28. ROECKER, K., O. SCHOTTE, A. M. NIESS, T. HORSTMANN, and H.-H. DICKHUTH. Predicting competition performance in long-distance running by means of a treadmill test. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 30:1552-1557, 1998.
29. SAHLIN, K., M. TONKONOGI, and K. SÖDERLUND. Plasma hypoxanthine and ammonia in humans during prolonged exercise. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 80:417-422, 1999.
30. SCHMIDT, W., S. DORE, A. HILGENDORF, S. STRAUCH, R. GAREAU, and G. R. BRISSON. Effects of exercise during normoxia and hypoxia on the growth hormone: insulin-like growth factor I axis. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 71:424-430, 1995.
31. SCHMIDT, W., K. U. ECKARDT, A. HILGENDORF, S. STRAUCH, and C. BAUER. Effects of maximal and submaximal exercise under normoxic and hypoxic conditions on serum erythropoietin level. Int. J. Sports Med. 12:457-461, 1991.
32. STEENSBERG, A., M. A. FEBBRAIO, T. OSADA, et al. Interleukin-6 production in contracting human skeletal muscle is influenced by pre-exercise muscle glycogen content. J. Physiol. 537:633-639, 2001.
33. STROBEL, G., M. NEUREITHER, and P. BäRTSCH. Effect of acute mild hypoxia during exercise on plasma free and sulphoconjugated catecholamines. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 73:82-87, 1996.
34. STROBEL, G., J. REISS, B. FRIEDMANN, and P. BäRTSCH. Effect of repeated bouts of short-term exercise on plasma free and sulphoconjugated catecholamines in humans. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 79:82-87, 1998.
35. 2 breathing increases plasma prolactin. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 74:443-449, 1996.
36. URHAUSEN, A., and W. KINDERMANN. Diagnosis of overtraining: what tools do we have? Sports Med. 32:95-102, 2002.