Significance of 2-methoxypropionic acid formed from β-propylene glycol monomethyl ether: Integration of pharmacokinetic and developmental toxicity assessments in rabbits

Toxicological Sciences

Volumn 71, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 217-228

  Carney, E W ^a   Pottenger, L H ^b   Johnson, K A ^a   Liberacki, A B ^a   Tornesi, B ^a   Dryzga, M D ^a   Hansen, S C ^a   Breslin, W J ^c  

^a DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY   (United States)

^b DOW EUROPE GMBH   (Switzerland)

^c ELI LILLY AND COMPANY   (United States)

Author keywords

Glycol ethers; Maternal pharmacokinetics; Whole embryo culture

Indexed keywords

2 METHOXYPROPIONIC ACID; BETA PROPYLENE GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER; PROPANEDIOL DERIVATIVE; PROPIONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; AREA UNDER THE CURVE; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE SEVERITY; DOSE RESPONSE; DOSIMETRY; EMBRYO; EMBRYO CULTURE; EMBRYOTOXICITY; FEEDING; FEMALE; GESTATIONAL AGE; HALF LIFE TIME; IN VIVO STUDY; ISOMER; MALE; MORPHOGENESIS; NONHUMAN; RABBIT; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; TOXICOKINETICS;

ABNORMALITIES, DRUG-INDUCED; ACETIC ACIDS; ADMINISTRATION, ORAL; ANIMALS; AREA UNDER CURVE; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; EMBRYO; EMBRYONIC AND FETAL DEVELOPMENT; FEMALE; FETAL VIABILITY; NO-OBSERVED-ADVERSE-EFFECT LEVEL; ORGAN CULTURE TECHNIQUES; PREGNANCY; PROPIONIC ACIDS; PROPYLENE GLYCOLS; RABBITS; TERATOGENS; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION;

ANIMALIA; ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS;

EID: 12244261617     PISSN: 10966080     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/71.2.217     Document Type: Review

References (41)

1. Anundi, H., Langworth, S., Johanson, G., Lind, M.-L., Akesson, B., Friis, L., Itkes, N., Soderman, E., Johsson, B. A. G., and Edling, C. (2000). Air and biological monitoring of solvent exposure during graffiti removal. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 73, 561-569.
2. Boatman, R. J., and Knaak, J. B. (2001). Ethers of ethylene glycol and derivatives. In Patty's Toxicology, 5th ed. Vol. 7, pp. 73-270. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
3. Brown, N.A., Holt, D., and Webb, M. (1984). The teratogenicity of methoxyacetic acid in the rat. Toxicol. Lett. 22, 93-100.
4. Dawson, A. B. (1926). A note on the staining of the skeletons of cleared specimens with alizarin red-S. Stain Technol. 1, 123-124.
5. Dentan, A., Devanthery, A., de Peyer, J. E., and Droz, P. O. (2000). Propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME) occupational exposure. 1. Biomonitoring by analysis of PGME in urine. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 73, 311-315.
6. Devanthery A., Dentan, A., Berode, M., and Droz, P. O. (2000). Propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME) exposure. 2. Identification of products containing PGME, their importance and their use in Switzerland. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 73, 349-351.
7. Feussner, E. L., Lightkep, G. E., Hennesy, R. A., Hoberman, A. M. and Christian, M. S. (1992). A decade of rabbit fertility data: Study of historical control animals. Teratology 46, 349-365.
8. Groeseneken, D., Veulemans, H., Masschelein, R., and Van Vlem, E. (1989). Experimental human exposure to ethylene glycol monomethyl ether. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 61, 243-247.
9. Gibaldi, M., and Perrier, D. (1982). Pharmacokinetics. Marcel Dekker, New York.
10. Gibson, J. P., Staples, R. E., and Newberne, J. W. (1966). Use of the rabbit in teratogenicity studies. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 9, 398-408.
11. Grubbs, F. E. (1969). Procedures for detecting outlying observations in samples. Technometrics 11, 1-21.
12. Hanley, T. R., Calhoun, L. L., Yano, B. L., and Rao, K. S. (1984a). Teratogenic evaluation of inhaled propylene glycol monomethyl ether in rats and rabbits. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 4, 784-794.
13. Hanley, T. R., Yano, B. L., Nitschke, K. D., and John, J. A. (1984b). Comparison of the teratogenic potential of inhaled ethylene glycol monomethyl ether in rats, mice, and rabbits. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 75, 409-422.
14. Hardin, B. D. (1983). Reproductive toxicity of the glycol ethers. Toxicology 27, 91-102.
15. Haseman, J. K., and Hoel, D. G. (1974). Tables of Gehan's generalized Wilcoxon test with fixed point censoring. J. Statist. Comput. Simul. 3, 117-135.
16. Heim, R. A. (1989). A practical technique for obtaining multiple blood samples from rabbits. Lab. Anim. Jan./Feb., 32-33.
17. Hellwig, J., Klimisch, H.-J., and Jackh, R. (1994). Prenatal toxicity of inhalation exposure to 2-methoxypropanol-1 in rabbits. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 23, 608-613.
18. Hevelin, W. (1989). Reproductive and Hematopoietic Toxicity of the Glycol Ethers: An Update. Hazard Evaluation System and Information Service, Department of Health Services/Department of Industrial Relations. State of California.
19. Hollander, M., and Wolfe, D.A. (1973). Nonparametric Statistical Methods. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
20. Horton, V. L., Sleet, R. B., John-Greene, J. A., and Welsch, F. (1985). Developmental phase-specific and dose-related teratogenic effects of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether in CD-1 mice. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 80, 108-118.
21. Hubner, B., Lehnert, G., Schaller, K. H., Welte, D., and Angerer, J. (1992). Chronic occupational exposure to organic solvents. XV. Glycol ether exposure during the manufacture of brakehoses. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 64, 261-264.
22. Jones, K., Dyne, D., Cocker, J. and Wilson, H. K (1997). A biological monitoring study of 1-methoxy-2-propanol: Analytical method development and a human volunteer study. Sci. Total Environ. 199, 23-30.
23. Kopf, R., Lorenz, D., and Salewski, E. (1964). The effect of thalidomide on the fertility of rats: In an examination of two generations. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Exp. Pathol. Pharmakol. 247, 121-135.
24. Laitinen, J. (1997). Biomonitoring of technical grade 1-alkoxy-2-propanol acetates by analysing urinary 2-alkoxypropionic acids. Sci. Total Environ. 199, 31-39.
25. Merkle, J., Klimisch, H.-J., and Jackh, R. (1987). Prenatal toxicity of 2-methoxypropylacetate-1 in rats and rabbits. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 8, 71-79.
26. Miller, R. G., Jr., (1966). Simultaneous Statistical Inference. McGraw-Hill, New York.
27. Miller, R. R., Hermann, E. A., Langvardt, P. W., McKenna, M. J. and Schwetz, B. A. (1983). Comparative metabolism and disposition of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and propylene glycol monomethyl ether in male rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 67, 229-237.
28. Miller, R. R., Langvardt, P. W., Calhoun, L. L. and Yahrmarkt, M. A. (1986). Metabolism and disposition of propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME) β-isomer in male rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 83, 170-177.
29. Nelson, B. K., Setzer J. V., Brightwell, W. S., Mathinos, P. R., Kuczuk, M. H., Weaver, T. E., and Goad, P. T. (1984). Comparative inhalation teratogenicity of four glycol ether solvents and an amino derivative in rats. Environ. Health Perspect. 57, 261-271.
30. Ninomiya, H., Kishida, K., Ohno, Y., Tsurumi, K., and Eto, K. (1993). Effects of trypan blue on rat and rabbit embryos cultured in vitro. Toxicol. in Vitro 7, 707-717.
31. Pitt, J. A., and Carney, E. W. (1999a). Development of a gestational age-based morphology evaluation system for in vivo and in vitro rabbit embryos. Teratology 59, 88-101.
32. Pitt, J. A., and Carney, E. W. (1999b). Evaluation of various toxicants in rabbit whole-embryo culture using a new morphologically-based evaluation system. Teratology 59, 102-109.
33. Rawlings, S. J., Shuker, D. E., Webb, M., and Brown, N. A. (1985). The teratogenic potential of alkoxy acids in post-implantation rat embryo culture: Structure-activity relationships. Toxicol. Lett. 28, 49-58.
34. Siegel, S. (1956). Non-Parametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences. McGraw-Hill, New York.
35. Sleet, R. B., John-Greene, J. A., and Welsch, F. (1988). The relationship of embryotoxicity to disposition of 2-methoxyethanol. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 93, 195-207.
36. Staples, R. E. (1974). Detection of visceral alterations in mammalian fetuses. Teratology 9, 37 (Abstract).
37. Steel, R. G. D., and Torrie, J. H. (1960). Principles and Procedures of Statistics. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 101-112.
38. Stenger, E. G., Aeppli, L., Maachemer, L., Muller, D., and Trokan, J. (1972). The toxicology of propylene glycol monomethyl ether. Arzneim.-Forsch. 22, 569-574.
39. Toraason, M., Stringer, B., Stober, P., and Hardin, B. D. (1985). Electrocardiographic study of rat fetuses exposed to ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME). Teratology 32, 33-39.
40. Winer, B. J. (1971). Statistical Principles in Experimental Design, 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill, New York.
41. Yonemoto, J., Brown, N. A., and Webb, M. (1984). Effects of dimethoxyethyl phthalate, monomethoxyethyl phthalate, 2-methoxyethanol, and methoxyacetic acid post implantation on rat embryos in culture. Toxicol. Lett. 21, 97-102.