A new look at some old mechanisms in human newborns: Taste and tactile determinants of state, affect, and action

Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development

Volumn 59, Issue 1, 1994, Pages

  Blass, Elliott M ^a   Ciaramitaro, Vivian ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 12044254485     PISSN: 0037976X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/1166096     Document Type: Article

References (160)

1. Alberts, J. R. (1978). Huddling by rat pups: Group behavioral mechanisms of temperature regulation and energy conservation. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 92, 231-240.
2. Alberts, J. R., & Brunjes, P. C. (1978). Ontogeny of thermal and olfactory determinants of huddling in the rat. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 92, 897-906.
3. Alberts, J. R., & Cramer, C. P. (1988). Ecology and experience: Sources of means and meaning of developmental change. In E. M. Blass (Ed.), Handbook of behavioral neurobiology: Vol. 9. Developmental psychobiology and behavioral ecology. New York: Plenum.
4. Alberts, J. R., & May, B. (1984). Nonnutritive thermotactile induction of filial huddling in rat pups. Developmental Psychobiology, 17, 161-181.
5. Allin, J. T., & Banks, E. M. (1971). Effects of temperature on ultrasound production by infant albino rats. Developmental Psychobiology, 4, 149-156.
6. Amsel, A., Burdette, D. R., & Letz, R. (1976). Appetitive learning, patterned alteration, and extinction in 10-d-old rats with non-lactating suckling as reward. Nature, 262, 816-818.
7. Antelman, S. M., Rowland, N. E., & Fisher, A. E. (1976). Stimulation bound ingestive behavior: A view from the tail. Physiology and Behavior, 17, 743-748.
8. Antin, J., Gibbs, J., Holt, J., Young, R. C., & Smith, G. P. (1975). Cholecystokinin elicits the complete behavioral sequence of satiety in rats. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 89, 783-790.
9. Barr, R. G. (1990). The normal crying curve: What do we really know? Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 32, 356-362.
10. Barr, R. G., Bakeman, R., Konner, M., & Adomson, L. (1991). Crying in Kung infants: A test of the cultural specificity hypothesis. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 33, 601-610.
11. Bateson, P. P. G. (1978). Avoiding inbreeding and optional outbreeding. Nature, 273, 659-660.
12. Bechara, A., Harrington, F., Nader, K., & van der Kooy, D. (1992). Neurobiology of motivation: Double dissociation of two motivational mechanisms mediating opiate reward in drug-naive versus drug-dependent animals. Behavioral Neuroscience, 106, 798-807.
13. Bernbaum, J., Pereira, G., Watkins, J., & Peckham, G. (1983). Nonnutritive sucking during gavage feeding enhances growth and maturation in premature infants. Pediatrics, 71, 41-45.
14. Blass, E. M. (1990). Suckling: Determinants, changes, mechanisms, and lasting impressions. Developmental Psychology, 26(4), 520-533.
15. Blass, E. M. (1992). The ontogeny of motivation: Opioid bases of energy conservation and lasting affective change in rat and human infants. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 1, 116-120.
16. Blass, E. M. (1993). Effect of various sugars at different concentrations on pain reactivity in newborn humans. Manuscript in preparation.
17. Blass, E. M. (in press). The development of ingestive behavior: Mechanisms and implications. Progress in Psychobiology and Physiological Psychology.
18. Blass, E. M., Fillion, T. J., Rochat, P., Hoffmeyer, L. B., & Metzger, M. A. (1989). Sensorimotor and motivational determinants of hand-mouth coordination in 1-3-day old human infants. Developmental Psychology, 25(6), 963-975.
19. Blass, E. M., Fillion, T. J., Weller, A., & Brunson, L. (1990). Separation of opioid from nonopioid mediation of affect in neonatal rats: Nonopioid mechanisms mediate maternal contact influences. Behavioral Neuroscience, 104(4), 625-636.
20. Blass, E. M., & Fitzgerald, E. (1988). Milk-induced analgesia and comforting in 10-day-old rats: Opioid mediation. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 29, 9-13.
21. Blass, E. M., Fitzgerald, E., & Kehoe, P. (1987). Interactions between sucrose, pain and isolation distress. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 26, 483-489.
22. Blass, E. M., Ganchrow, J. R., & Steiner, J. E. (1984). Classical conditioning in newborn humans 2-48 hours of age. Infant Behavior and Development, 7, 223-235.
23. Blass, E. M., & Hall, W. G. (1976). Drinking termination: Interactions among hydrational, orogastric, and behavioral controls in rats. Psychological Review, 83, 356-374.
24. Blass, E. M., & Hoffmeyer, L. B. (1991). Sucrose as an analgesic in newborn humans. Pediatrics, 87(2), 215-218.
25. Blass, E. M., Jackson, A. M., & Smotherman, W. P. (1991). Milk-induced, opioid-mediated antinociception in rats at the time of cesarean delivery. Behavioral Neuroscience, 105(5), 675-684.
26. Blass, E. M., & Shide, D. J. (1993). Endogenous cholecystokinin reduces vocalization in isolated 10-day-old rats. Behavioral Neurosciences, 107, 304-308.
27. Blass, E. M., Shide, D. J., Zaw-Mon, C., & Sorentino, J. (1993). Maternal contact suckling and analgesia in suckling rats: Evidence for nonopioid mediation. Manuscript in preparation.
28. Blass, E. M., & Smith, B. A. (1992). Differential effects of sucrose, fructose, glucose and lactose on crying in 1-3-day-old human infants. Developmental Psychology, 28, 804-810.
29. Blom, J., & Blass, E. M. (1993). The possible role of beta-casomorphine during development in rats. Manuscript in preparation.
30. Brake, S. C., Shair, H., & Hofer, M. A. (1988). Exploiting the nursing niche: The infant's sucking and feeding in the context of the mother-infant interaction. In E. M. Blass (Ed.), Handbook of behavioral neurobiology: Vol. 9. Developmental psychobiology and behavioral ecology. New York: Plenum.
31. Brandl, V., & Tesmacher, H. (1979). A material with opioid activity in bovine milk and products. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Archives Pharmacologie, 306, 301-304.
32. Brazelton, T. B. (1962). Crying in infancy. Pediatrics, 29, 579-588.
33. Bushnell, I. W. R., Sai, F., & Mullin, J. T. (1983). Neonatal recognition ol mother's face, British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 7, 3-15.
34. Butterworth, G. (1986). Some problems in explaining the origins of movement control. In M. G. Wade & H. T. A. Whiting (Eds.), Motor development in children: Problems of coordination and control. Dordrecht: Nijhoff.
35. Campbell, B. A., & Coultier, X. (1976). The ontogenesis of learning and memory. In M. R. Rosenzweig & E. L. Bennett (Eds.), Neural mechanisms of learning and memory. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
36. Chiva, M. (1982). Taste, facial expression and mother-infant interaction in early development. Baroda Journal of Nutrition, 9, 99-102.
37. Cosnier, J. (1965). Le comportement du rat d'élevage. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Lyon, Lyon, France.
38. Cowart, B. J. (1981). Development of taste perception in humans: Sensitivity and preference throughout the lifespan. Psychological Bulletin, 90, 43-73.
39. Cramer, C. P., & Blass, E. M. (1983). Rate versus volume in milk intake of suckling rats. In B. Hoebel & D. Novin (Eds.), The neural basis of feeding and reward. Brunswick, ME: Haer.
40. Cramer, C. P., Pfister, J. F., & Haig, K. A. (1988). Experience during suckling alters later spatial learning. Developmental Psychobiology, 21, 1-24.
41. Crook, C. K. (1978). Taste perception in the newborn infant. Infant Behavior and Development, 1, 52-69.
42. Darwin, C. (1877). A biographical sketch of an infant. Mind, 2, 285-294.
43. DeCasper, A. J., & Fifer, W. P. (1980). Of human bonding: Newborns prefer their mothers' voices. Science, 208, 1174-1176.
44. DeSnoo, K. (1937). Das trinkende kind im uterus. Monatsschrift für Geburtshilfe und Gynaekologie, 105, 88-97.
45. Desor, J. A., Maller, O., & Turner, R. G. (1973). Taste in acceptance of sugars by human infants. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 84, 496-501.
46. Epstein, A. N., Blass, E. M., Batshaw, M. L., & Parks, A. D. (1970). The vital role of saliva as a mechanical sealant for suckling in the rat. Physiology and Behavior, 5, 1395-1398.
47. Fentress, J. C. (1978). Mus musicus: The developmental orchestration of selected movement patterns in mice. In M. Bekoff & G. Burghardt (Eds.), The development of behavior: Comparative and evolutionary aspects. New York: Garland.
48. Field, T., Ignatoff, E., Stringer, S., Brennan, J., Greenberg, R., Widmayer, S., & Anderson, G. (1982). Nonnutritive sucking during tube feedings: Effects on preterm neonates in an intensive care unit. Pediatrics, 70, 381-384.
49. Field, T., Schanberg, S. M., Scafidi, F., Bauer, C. R., Vega-Lahr, N., Garcia, R., Nystrom, J., & Kuhn, C. M. (1986). Effects of tactile/kinesthetic stimulation on preterm neonates. Pediatrics, 77, 654-658.
50. Fillion, T. J., & Blass, E. M. (1986). Infantile experience determines adult sexual behavior in male rats. Science, 231, 729-731.
51. Galef, B. G., Jr., & Beck, M. (1990). Diet selection and poison avoidance by mammals individually and in social groups. In E. M. Stricker (Ed.), Handbook of behavioral neurobiology: Neurobiology of food and fluid intake (Vol. 10). New York: Plenum.
52. Galef, B. G., Jr., & Clark, M. M. (1971). Social factors in the poison avoidance and feeding behavior of wild and domesticated rat pups. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 75, 341-357.
53. Galef, B. G., Jr., & Sherry, D. F. (1973). Mother's milk: A medium for the transmission of cues reflecting the flavor of mother's diet. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 83, 374-378.
54. Glickman, S. E., & Schiff, B. (1967). A biological theory of reinforcement. Psychological Review, 74, 81-109.
55. Gunnar, M., Fisch, R. O., & Malone, S. (1984). The effects of pacifying stimulus on behavioral and adrenocortical responses to circumcision. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 23, 34-38.
56. Gubernick, D. J., & Klopfer, P. H. (1981). Parental care in mammals. New York: Plenum.
57. Hall, W. G. (1979). Feeding and behavioral activation in infant rats. Science, 190, 1313-1315.
58. Hall, W. G. (1990). The ontogeny of ingestive behavior: Changing control of components in the feeding sequence. In E. M. Stricker (Ed.), Handbook of behavioral neurobiology: Neurobiology of food and fluid intake (Vol. 10). New York: Plenum.
59. Hall, W. G., & Blass, E. M. (1975). Orogastric, hydrational and behavioral controls of drinking following dehydration. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 89, 939-954.
60. Harlow, H. F., & Harlow, M. K. (1965). The affectional systems. In A. M. Schrier, H. F. Harlow, & F. Stollnitz (Eds.), Behavior of nonhuman primates (Vol. 2). New York: Academic.
61. Hassan, A. H., Feuerstein, G. Z., & Faden, A. I. (1982). Cardiovascular responses to opioid agonists injected into the nucleus of the tractus solitarius of unanesthetized cats. Life Sciences, 31, 2193-2196.
62. Henning, S. J. (1981). Postnatal development: Coordination of feeding, digestion and metabolism. American Journal of Physiology, 241, G199-G214.
63. Hofer, M. A., Shair, H., & Singh, P. (1976). Evidence that maternal ventral skin substances promote suckling in infant rats. Physiology and Behavior, 17, 131-136.
64. Hofsten, C. von. (1984). Developmental changes in the organization of prereaching movements. Developmental Psychology, 20, 378-388.
65. Hofsten, C. von. (1989). Arm and hand movements in the neonate. In C. von Euler (Ed.), Neurobiology of early infant behaviour. New York: Stockton.
66. Hogan, J. A. (1988). Cause and function in the development of behavior systems. In E. M. Blass (Ed.), Handbook of behavioral neurobiology: Vol. 9. Developmental psychobiology and behavioral ecology. New York: Plenum.
67. Holmes, W. G. (1988). Kinship and the development of social preferences. In E. M. Blass (Ed.), Handbook of behavioral neurobiology: Vol. 9. Developmental psychobiology and behavioral ecology. New York: Plenum.
68. Holmes, W. G., & Sherman, P. W. (1986). The ontogeny of kin recognition in two species of ground squirrels. American Zoologist, 22, 491-517.
69. Johanson, I. B., & Hall, W. G. (1979). Appetitive learning in 1-day-old rat pups. Science, 205, 419-421.
70. Johanson, I. B., Hall, W. G., & Polefrone, J. M. (1984). Appetitive conditioning in neonatal rats: Conditioned ingestive responding to stimuli paired with oral infusions of milk. Developmental Psychobiology, 17, 357-381.
71. Johanson, I. B., & Teicher, M. H. (1980). Classical conditioning of an odor preference in 3-day-old rats. Behavioral and Neural Biology, 29, 132-136.
72. Johanson, I. B., & Terry, L. M. (1988). Learning in infancy: A mechanism for behavioral change during development. In E. M. Blass (Ed.), Handbook of behavioral neurobiology: Developmental psychobiology and behavioral ecology (Vol. 9). New York: Plenum.
73. Johnson, M. H., Dziurawiec, S., Ellis, H., & Morton, J. (1991). Newborns' preferential tracking of face-like stimuli and its subsequent decline. Cognition, 40, 1-19.
74. Kehoe, P., & Blass, E. M. (1986a). Behaviorally functional opioid systems in infant rats: 1. Evidence for olfactory and gustatory classical conditioning. Behavioral Neuroscience, 100(3), 359-367.
75. Kehoe, P., & Blass, E. M. (1986b). Behaviorally functional opioid systems in infant rats: 2. Evidence for pharmacological, physiological and psychological mediation of pain and stress. Behavioral Neuroscience, 100(5), 624-630.
76. Kehoe, P., & Blass, E. M. (1986e). Central nervous system mediation of positive and negative reinforcement in neonatal albino rats. Developmental Brain Research, 27, 69-75.
77. Kehoe, P., & Blass, E. M. (1986d). Opioid-mediation of separation distress in 10-day-old rats: Reversal of stress with maternal stimuli. Developmental Psychobiology, 19, 385-398.
78. Kehoe, P., & Blass, E. M. (1989). Conditioned opioid release in ten-day-old rats. Behavioural Neuroscience, 103(2), 423-428.
79. Kenny, J. T., & Blass, E. M. (1977). Suckling as an incentive to instrumental learning in preweanling rats. Science, 196, 898-899.
80. Kiefel, J. M., Paul, D., & Bodnar, R. (1989). Reduction in opioid and non-opioid forms of swim analgesia by 5-HT2 receptor antagonists. Brain Research, 500, 231-240.
81. Kinder, E. F. (1927). A study of nest-building activity of the albino rat. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 147, 117-161.
82. Kleitman, N., & Satinoff, E. (1982). Thermoregulatory behavior in rat pups from birth to weaning. Physiology and Behavior, 29, 537-541.
83. Lasiter, P. S., Wong, D. M., & Kachele, D. L. (1988). Postnatal development of the rostral solitary nucleus in rat: Dendritic morphology and mitochondrial enzyme activity. Brain Research Bulletin, 22, 313-321.
84. Leon, M. (1992). The neurobiology of filial learning. Annual Review of Psychology, 43, 377-398.
85. Lewis, L. D., & Williams, J. A. (1990). Regulation of cholecystokinin secretion by food, hormones and neural pathways in the rat. American Journal of Physiology, 258, G512-G518.
86. Lipsitt, L. P. (1977). Taste in human neonates: Its effects on sucking and heart rate. In J. M. Weiffenbach (Ed.), Taste and development: The genesis of sweet preference. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
87. Lipsitt, L. P., & Kaye, H. (1965). Change in neonatal response to optimizing and non-optimizing sucking stimulation. Psychonomic Science, 2, 331-332.
88. Lipsitt, L. P., Reilly, B. M., Butcher, M. J., & Greenwood, M. M. (1976). The stability and interrelationships of newborn sucking and heart rate. Developmental Psychobiology, 9, 305-310.
89. Lorenz, K. (1943). Die angenborenen Formen moglicher Ernahrung. Zeitschrift fur Tierpsy-chologie, 5, 235-409.
90. Macfarlane, A. (1975). Olfaction in the development of social preferences in the human neonate. In Parent-infant interaction (CIBA Foundation Symposium, no. 33). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
91. Maier, S. F. (1989). Determinants of the nature of environmentally induced hypoalgesia. Behavioral Neuroscience, 103, 131-143.
92. Maller, O., & Desor, J. A. (1973). Effect of taste on ingestion by human newborns. In J. F. Bosma (Ed.), Oral sensation and perception: Development in the fetus and infant. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
93. Marks-Kaufman, R., Plager, A., & Kanarek, R. B. (1985). Central and peripheral contributions of endogenous opioids to nutrient selection in rats. Psychopharmacology, 85, 414-418.
94. Marks-Kaufman, R., & Kanarek, R. B. (1981). Modifications of nutrient selection induced by naloxone in rats. Psychopharmacology, 74, 321-324.
95. Marier, P. (1991). The instinct to learn. In S. Carey & R. Gelman (Eds.), The epigenesis of mind: Essays on biology and cognition. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
96. Martin, W. R. (1984). Pharmacology of opioids. Pharmacological Reviews, 35, 283-323.
97. Measel, C., & Anderson, G. (1979). Nonnutritive sucking during tube feedings: Effect on clinical course in premature infants. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecological and Neonatal Nursing, 8, 265-272.
98. Mistretta, C. M., & Bradley, R. M. (1988). Development of the sense of taste. In E. M. Blass (Ed.), Handbook of behavioral neurobiology: Vol. 9. Developmental psychobiology and behavioral ecology. New York: Plenum.
99. Moran, T. H., Lew, M. F., & Blass, E. M. (1981). Intra-cranial self-stimulation in 3-day-old rat pups. Science, 214, 1366-1368.
100. Moran, T. H., Sanburg, P. R., Antuoro, P. G., & Coyle, J. T. (1986). Methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) cortical hypoplasia alters the pattern of stimulation-induced behavior in neonatal rats. Developmental Brain Research, 27, 235-242.
101. Moran, T. H., Schwartz, G. J., & Blass, E. M. (1983). Stimulation induced ingestion in neonatal rats. Developmental Brain Research, 7, 197-204.
102. Morton, J., & Johnson, M. H. (1991). CONSPEC and CONLERN: A two-process theory of infant face recognition. Psychological Review, 98, 164-181.
103. Noirot, E. (1968). Ultrasounds in small rodents: 2. Changes with age in albino rats. Animal Behaviour, 17, 340-349.
104. Oberlander, T. F., Barr, R. G., Young, S. N., & Brian, J. A. (in press). The short-term effects of feed composition on sleeping and crying in newborn infants. Pediatrics.
105. Olson, G. A., Olson, R. D., & Kastin, A. (1987). Endogenous opiates: 1986. Peptides, 8, 1135-1164.
106. Olson, G. A., Olson, R. D., & Kastin, A. (1989). Endogenous opiates: 1987. Peptides, 10, 205-236.
107. Oppenheim, R. W. (1982). The neuroembryology of behavior: Progress, problems, perspectives. Current Topics in Developmental Biology, 17, 257-309.
108. Oppenheim, R. W., & Haverkamp, L. (1986). Early development of behavior and the nervous system. In E. M. Blass (Ed.), Handbook of behavioral neurobiology: Developmental psychobiology and developmental neurobiology (Vol. 8). New York: Plenum.
109. Oswalt, G. L., & Meier, G. W. (1975). Olfactory, thermal and tactual influences on infantile ultrasonic vocalizations in rats. Developmental Psychobiology, 8, 129-135.
110. Pedersen, P. E., & Blass, E. M. (1982). Prenatal and postnatal determinants of the first suckling episode in albino rats. Developmental Psychobiology, 15, 349-355.
111. Pedersen, P. E., Williams, C. L., & Blass, E. M. (1983). Activation and odor conditioning of suckling behavior in three day old albino rats. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 8(4), 329-341.
112. Pfaffmann, C. (1964). Taste, its sensory and motivating properties. American Scientist, 52, 187-206.
113. Piaget, J. (1952). The origins of intelligence in children (M. Cook, Trans.). New York: International Universities Press.
114. Pieper, A. (1963). The international behavioral sciences series: Cerebral function in infancy and childhood. New York: Consultants Bureau.
115. Porocca, F., Mosberg, H. I., Hurst, R., Hruby, V. J., & Burks, T. F. (1984). Roles of mμ, delta and kappa opioid receptors in spinal and supraspinal mediation of gastrointestinal transit effects and hot-plate analgesia. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, 230, 341-348.
116. Porter, R. H., & Moore, J. D. (1981). Human kin recognition by olfactory cues. Physiology and Behavior, 27, 493-495.
117. Premack, D. (1962). Reversability of the reinforcement relation. Science, 136, 235-237.
118. Punnen, S., & Sapru, H. N. (1986). Cardiovascular responses to medullary microinjections of opiate agonists in urethane-anesthetized rate. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, 8, 950-956.
119. Rao, M., Blass, E. M., Brignol, M. J., Marino, L., & Glass, L. (1993). Effect of crying on energy metabolism of human neonates. Pediatrics Research, 33, 309.
120. Rochat, P., Blass, E. M., & Hoffmeyer, L. B. (1988). Oropharyngeal control ot hand-mouth coordination in newborn infants. Developmental Psychology, 24, 459-463.
121. Rosenblatt, J. S. (1983). Olfaction mediates developmental transition in the altricial newborn of selected species of mammals. Developmental Psychobiology, 16, 347-375.
122. Sameroff, A. J. (1972). Learning and adaptation in infancy: A comparison of models. In H. W. Reese (Ed.), Advances in child development and behavior (Vol. 7). New York: Academic.
123. Sananes, C. B., Gaddy, J. R., & Campbell, B. A. (1988). Ontogeny of conditioned heart rate to an olfactory stimulus. Developmental Psychobiology, 21, 117-133.
124. Satinoff, E., & Stanley, W. C. (1963). The effects of stomach loading on sucking behavior in neonatal puppies. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 56, 66-68.
125. Schaal, B. (1988). Olfaction in infants and children: Developmental and functional perspectives. Chemical Senses, 13(2), 145-190.
126. Schaal, B. (1993). Unpublished data, Laboratoire de Psychologie, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Paris.
127. Schanberg, S. M., & Field, T. M. (1987). Sensory deprivation stress and supplemental stimulation in the rat pup and preterm humun neonate. Child Development, 58(6), 1431-1447.
128. Sherman, P. W. (1981). Kinship, demography, and Belding's ground squirrel nepotism. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 8, 251-259.
129. Shide, D. J., & Blass, E. M. (1989). Opioid-like effects of intraoral infusions of corn oil and polycose on stress reactions in 10-day-old rats. Behavioral Neuroscience, 103(6), 1168-1175.
130. Shide, D. J., & Blass, E. M. (1991). Opioid mediation of odor preferences induced by sugar and fat in 6-day-old rats. Physiology and Behavior, 50, 961-966.
131. Smith, B. A., Fillion, T. J., & Blass, E. M. (1990). Orally-mediated sources of calming in one to three day-old human infants. Developmental Psychology, 26(5), 731-737.
132. Spelke, E. S., Breinlinger, K., Macomber, J., & Jacobson, K. (1992). Origins of knowledge. Psychological Review, 99, 605-632.
133. Spiers, D. E., & Adair, E. (1986). Ontogeny of homeothermy in the immature rat: Metabolic and thermal responses. Journal of Applied Physiology, 60, 1190-1197.
134. Stainer, M. W. (1975). Effects of body weight, ambient temperature, and huddling on oxygen consumption and body temperature of young mice. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 51A, 79-82.
135. Steiner, J. E. (1979). Human facial expressions in response to taste and smell stimulation. In H. W. Reese & L. P. Lipsitt (Eds.), Advances in child development and behavior (Vol. 13). New York: Academic.
136. Stickrod, G., Kimble, D. P., & Smotherman, W. P. (1982). Methionine 5-enkephalin effects on associations formed in utero. Peptides, 3, 881-884.
137. Sullivan, R. M., Brake, S. C., Hofer, M. A., & Williams, C. I. (1986). Huddling and independent feeding of neonatal rats can be facilitated by a conditioned change in behavioral state. Developmental Psychobiology, 19, 625-635.
138. Sullivan, R. M., Taborsky-Barba, S., Mendoza, R., Itano, A., Leon, M., Cotman, C. W., Payne, T. F., & Lott, I. (1991). Olfactory classical conditioning in neonates. Pediatrics, 87, 511-518.
139. Taylor, P. M. (1960). Oxygen consumption in newborn rats. Journal of Physiology (London), 154, 153-168.
140. Teicher, M. H., & Blass, E. M. (1976). Suckling in newborn rats: Eliminated by nipple lavage, reinstated by pup saliva. Science, 193, 422-425.
141. Teicher, M. H., & Blass, E. M. (1977). First suckling response of the newborn albino rat: The roles of olfaction and amniotic fluid. Science, 198, 635-636.
142. Thelen, E., & Ulrich, B. D. (1991). Hidden skills: A dynamic systems analysis of treadmill stepping during the first year. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 56(1, Serial No. 223).
143. Valenstein, E. S., Cox, V. C., & Kakolewski, J. W. (1968). Modification of motivated behavior elicited by electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus. Science, 159, 1119-1120.
144. Weller, A., & Blass, E. M. (1988). Behavioral evidence for cholecystokinin-opiate interactions in neonatal rats. American Journal of Physiology, 255, R901-R907.
145. Weller, A., & Blass, E. M. (1990). Cholecystokinin conditioning in rats: Ontogenetic determinants. Behavioral Neuroscience, 104(1), 199-206.
146. Weller, A., Blass, E. M., Smith, G. P., & Gibbs, J. (1993). Conditioned responses produced by cholecystokinin-odor pairing in neonatal rats. Manuscript in preparation.
147. West, M. J., King, A. P., & Arberg, A. A. (1988). The inheritance of niches: The role of ecological legacies in ontogeny. In E. M. Blass (Ed.), Handbook of behavioral neurobiology: Vol. 9. Developmental psychobiology and behavioral ecology. New York: Plenum.
148. Winslow, J. T., & Insel, T. R. (1990). Serotonergic modulation of rat pup ultrasonic vocal development: Studies with 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 254(1), 212-220.
149. Wise, R. A., & Bozarth, M. A. (1984). Brain reward circuitry: Four circuit elements "wired" in apparent series. Brain Research Bulletin, 12, 203-208.
150. Woodson, R., & Hamilton, C. (1986). Heart rate estimates of motor activity in preterm infants. Infant Behavior and Development, 9, 283-290.
151. Woodson, R., & Hamilton, C. (1988). The effect of nonnutritive sucking on heart rate in preterm infants. Developmental Psychobiology, 21, 207-213.
152. Woodson, R., Drinkwin, J., & Hamilton, C. (1985). Effects of nonnutritive sucking on state and activity. Infant Behavior and Development, 8, 435-441.
153. Weller, A., & Blass, E. M. (1990). Cholecystokinin conditioning in rats: Ontogenetic determinants. Behavioral Neuroscience, 104(1), 199-206.
154. Weller, A., Blass, E. M., Smith, G. P., & Gibbs, J. (1993). Conditioned responses produced by cholecystokinin-odor pairing in neonatal rats. Manuscript in preparation.
155. West, M. J., King, A. P., & Arberg, A. A. (1988). The inheritance of niches: The role of ecological legacies in ontogeny. In E. M. Blass (Ed.), Handbook of behavioral neurobiology: Vol. 9. Developmental psychobiology and behavioral ecology. New York: Plenum.
156. Winslow, J. T., & Insel, T. R. (1990). Serotonergic modulation of rat pup ultrasonic vocal development: Studies with 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 254(1), 212-220.
157. Wise, R. A., & Bozarth, M. A. (1984). Brain reward circuitry: Four circuit elements "wired" in apparent series. Brain Research Bulletin, 12, 203-208.
158. Woodson, R., & Hamilton, C. (1986). Heart rate estimates of motor activity in preterm infants. Infant Behavior and Development, 9, 283-290.
159. Woodson, R., & Hamilton, C. (1988). The effect of nonnutritive sucking on heart rate in preterm infants. Developmental Psychobiology, 21, 207-213.
160. Woodson, R., Drinkwin, J., & Hamilton, C. (1985). Effects of nonnutritive sucking on state and activity. Infant Behavior and Development, 8, 435-441.