Does international research and development increase patent output? An analysis of Japanese pharmaceutical firms

Strategic Management Journal

Volumn 26, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 121-140

  Penner Hahn, Joan ^a   Shaver, J Myles ^b  

^a WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

Author keywords

Absorptive capacity; Foreign direct investment; International R D; Patents; pharmaceutical research

Indexed keywords

DRUG PRODUCTS PLANTS; INTERNATIONAL TRADE; INVESTMENTS; KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS; RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT; SOCIETIES AND INSTITUTIONS;

DIRECT INVESTMENTS; FOREIGN KNOWLEDGE; PHARMACEUTICAL FIRMS; TECHNOLOGICAL ACTIVITY;

INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH;

EID: 11844300379     PISSN: 01432095     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/smj.436     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Acs ZJ, Audretsch D. 1989. Patents as a measure of innovation. Kyklos 42(2): 171-180.
2. Ahuja G. 2000. The duality of collaboration: inducements and opportunities in the formation of interfirm linkages. Strategic Management Journal, Special Issue 21(3): 317-343.
3. Allison PD, Waterman R. 2001. Fixed-effects negative binomial regression models. Working paper, University of Pennsylvania.
4. Almeida P. 1996. Knowledge sourcing by foreign multinationals: patent citation analysis in the U.S. semiconductor industry. Strategic Management Journal, Winter Special Issue 17(3): 155-165.
5. Anand J, Delios A. 2002. Absolute and relative resources as determinants of international acquisitions. Strategic Management Journal 23(2): 119-134.
6. Bound J, Cummins J, Griliches Z, Hall BH, Jaffe A. 1984. Who does R&D and who patents? In R&D Patentsand Productivity, Griliches Z (ed). University of Chicago Press: Chicago, IL; 21-54.
7. Buckley PJ, Casson MC. 1976. The Economic Theory of the Multinational Enterprise. Macmillan: London.
8. Cameron AC, Trivedi PK. 1998. Regression Analysis of Count Data. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, U.K.
9. Cantwell J. 1989. Technological Innovation and Multinational Corporations, Basil Blackwell: Cambridge, MA.
10. Cantwell J. 1992. The internationalisation of technological activity and its implications for competitiveness. In Technology Management and International Business, Granstrand O, Hakanson L, Sjolander S (eds). Wiley: New York; 25-95.
11. Cantwell J. 1995. The globalisation of technology: what remains of the product cycle model? Cambridge Journal of Economics 19: 155-174.
12. Caves RE. 1971. International corporations: the industrial economics of foreign investment. Economica 38(February): 1-27.
13. Caves RE. 1982. Multinational Enterprise and Economic Analysis. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, U.K.
14. Cohen WM, Levinthal DA. 1990. Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly 35(1): 128-152.
15. Comanor WS, Scherer FM. 1969. Patent statistics as a measure of technical change. Journal of Political Economy 77(3): 392-398.
16. Dierickx I, Cool K. 1989. Asset stock accumulation and sustainability of competitive advantage. Management Science 35(12): 1504.
17. DeMeyer A, Mizushima A. 1989. Global R&D management. R&D Management 19(2): 135-146.
18. DeMeyer A. 1992. Management of international R&D operations. In Technology Management and International Business, Granstrand O, Hakanson L, Sjolander S (eds). Wiley: New York.
19. Dunning J. 1977. Trade, location of economic activity and MNE: a search for an eclectic approach. In The International Allocation of Economic Activity, Ohlin B, Hesselborn PO, Wijkman PM (eds). Macmillan: London; 395-418.
20. Dunning J. 1998. Location and the multinational enterprise: a neglected factor. Journal of International Business 29(1): 45-67.
21. Dunphy JF. 1988. Japan's patent system comes under fire. Chemical Week 143(4): 26-28.
22. Fayerweather J. 1969. International Business Management: A Conceptual Framework. McGraw-Hill Series in International Business. McGraw-Hill: New York.
23. Fox S. 2001. Business models: contract biopharmaceutical manufacturing. Chemical Market Reporter 260(16): 20-22.
24. Grace E. 1997. Biotechnology Unzipped: Promises and Realities. Joseph Henry: Washington, DC.
25. Graves SB, Langowitz NS. 1993. Innovative productivity and returns to scale in the pharmaceutical industry. Strategic Management Journal 14(8): 593-605.
26. Greene W. 2000. Econometric Analysis (4th edn). Prentice-Hall: Upper Saddle River, NJ.
27. Greene W. 2001. Fixed and random effects in nonlinear models. Working paper, Stern School of Business, New York University.
28. Griliches Z. 1980. R & D and the productivity slowdown. American Economic Review 70(2): 343-348.
29. Griliches Z. 1986. Productivity, R and D, and basic research at the firm level in the 1970's. American Economic Review 76(1): 141-154.
30. Griliches Z. 1990. Patent statistics as economic indicators: a survey. Journal of Economic Literature 28(December): 1661-1707.
31. Hall BH, Griliches Z, Hausman J. 1986. Patents and R and D: is there a lag? International Economic Review 27(2): 265-283.
32. Hausman J, Hall BH, Griliches Z. 1984. Econometric models for count data with an application to the patent-R&D relationship. Econometrica 52(4): 909-938.
33. Helfat C. 1997. Know-how and asset complementarity and dynamic capability accumulation: the case of R&D. Strategic Management Journal 18(5): 339-360.
34. Henderson R, Cockburn I. 1994. Measuring competence? Exploring firm effects in pharmaceutical research. Strategic Management Journal, Winter Special Issue 15: 63-84.
35. Henderson R, Cockburn I. 1996. Scale, scope, and spillovers: the determinants of research productivity in drug discovery. RAND Journal of Economics 27: 32-59.
36. Hennart J-F, Park Y-R. 1994. Location, governance, and strategic determinants of Japanese manufacturing investment in the United States. Strategic Management Journal 15(6): 419-436.
37. Hitt MA, Hoskisson RE, Ireland RD, Harrison JS. 1991. Effects of acquisitions on R&D inputs and outputs. Academy of Management Journal 34(3): 693-706.
38. Jaffe AB, Trajtenberg M, Henderson R. 1993. Geographic localization of knowledge spillovers as evidenced by patent citations. Quarterlv Journal of Economics 108(3): 577.
39. Jaffe AB. 1986. Technological opportunity and spillovers of R&D: evidence from firm's patents, profits, and market value. American Economic Review 76(5): 984-1001.
40. JPMA (Japanese Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association). Data Book 1992. Tokyo, Japan.
41. Kogut B. 1991. Country capabilities and the permeability of borders. Strategic Management Journal, Summer Special Issue 12: 33-47.
42. Kogut B, Chang SJ. 1991. Technological capabilities and Japanese foreign direct investment in the United States. Review of Economics & Statistics 73(3): 401-413.
43. Kogut B, Zander U. 1992. Knowledge of the firm, combinative capabilities, and the replication of technology. Organization Science 3: 383-397.
44. Komaran RV, Goodman RA 1993. Acquisition of domestic and foreign technologies by American multinational corporations. In Academy of Management Proceedings, Atlanta, GA.
45. Kuemmerle W. 1997. Building effective R&D capabilities abroad. Harvard Business Review 75(2): 61-70.
46. Levin RC. 1986. A new look at the patent system. American Economic Review 76(2): 200.
47. Mansfield E. 1962. Entry, Gibrat's law, innovation, and the growth of firms. American Economic Review 52(5): 1023-1051.
48. Mansfield E. 1965. Rates of return from industrial research and development. American Economic Review 55(1/2): 310-322.
49. Mansfield E. 1980. Basic research and productivity increase in manufacturing. American Economic Review 70(5): 863-873.
50. Mezias SJ, Glynn MA. 1993. The three faces of corporate renewal: institution, revolution, and evolution. Strategic Management Journal 14(2): 77-161.
51. Mitchell W, Shaver JM, Yeung B. 1992. Getting there in a global industry: impacts on performance of changing international presence. Strategic Management Journal 13(6): 419-432.
52. Morck R, Yeung, B. 1991. Why investors value multinationality. Journal of Business 64(2): 165-188.
53. Morck R, Yeung B. 1992. Internalization: an event study test. Journal of International Economics 33: 41-56.
54. National Research Council. 1992. U.S.-Japan Technology Linkages in Biotechnology: Challenges for the 1990's. National Academy of Sciences.
55. Nelson RR (ed). 1993. National Innovation Systems. Oxford University Press: New York.
56. Pakes A. 1985. On patents, R&D, and the stock market rate of return. Journal of Political Economy 93(2): 390-409.
57. Penner-Hahn JD. 1995. The internationalization of research and development: a firm level study. PhD dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
58. Penner-Hahn JD. 1998. Firm and environmental influences on the mode and sequence of foreign research and development activities. Strategic Management Journal 19(2): 149-168.
59. Pisano GP. 1990. The R&D boundaries of the firm: an empirical analysis. Administrative Science Quarterly 35(1): 153-176.
60. Polyani M. 1964. Personal Knowledge. Harper & Row: New York.
61. Reich MR. 1990. Why the Japanese don't export more pharmaceuticals: health policy as industrial policy. California Management Review, Winter: 124-150.
62. Scherer FM, Ross D. 1990. Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance. Houghton Mifflin: Boston, MA.
63. Shaver JM. 1998. Accounting for endogeneity when assessing strategy performance: does entry mode choice affect FDI survival? Management Science 44(4): 571-585.
64. Shaver JM, Mitchell W, Yeung B. 1997. The effect of own-firm and other-firm experience on foreign direct investment survival in the United States, 1987-1992. Strategic Management Journal 18(10): 811-824.
65. Szulanski G. 1996. Exploring internal stickiness: impediments to the transfer of best practice within the firm. Strategic Management Journal, Winter Special Issue 17: 27-43.
66. Teece DJ. 1976. Technology transfer by multinational firms: the resource cost of transferring technological know-how. Economic Journal 87: 242-261.
67. Teece DJ. 1986. Profiting from technological innovation. Research Policy 15: 285-306.
68. Terleckyj NE. 1980. What do R&D numbers tell us about technological change? American Economic Review 70(2): 55-61.
69. Wesson T. 1999. A model of asset-seeking foreign direct investment driven by demand conditions. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences 16(1): 1-10.
70. Wineberg A. 1988. The Japanese patent system: a non-tariff barrier to foreign businesses? Journal of World Trade 22(1): 11-22.