Pharmacokinetics and safety of epinephrine use in liposuction

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Volumn 114, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 756-763

  Brown, Spencer A ^b   Lipschitz, Avron H ^b   Kenkel, Jeffrey M ^a   Sorokin, Evan ^b   Shepherd, Greene ^b   Grebe, Stefan ^b   Oliver, Lawrence K ^b   Luby, Maureen ^b   Rohrich, Rod J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADRENALIN; NORADRENALIN;

ADRENALIN BLOOD LEVEL; ADULT; ARTICLE; ASYSTOLE; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG SAFETY; FEMALE; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HEART INFARCTION; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; HUMAN; LIPOSUCTION; NORADRENALIN BLOOD LEVEL; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

ADULT; AREA UNDER CURVE; BODY WATER; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; EPINEPHRINE; FEMALE; HUMANS; LIPECTOMY; NOREPINEPHRINE; RISK FACTORS; VASOCONSTRICTOR AGENTS;

EID: 11844276680     PISSN: 00321052     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.PRS.0000131021.17800.BE     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Illouz, Y. G. Une nouvelle technique pour les lipodystrophies localisees. Rev. Chir. Esthet. Fr. 6: 19, 1981.
2. Illouz, Y. G., and Villers, Y. T. (Eds.). Body Sculpturing by Lipoplasty. New York: Churchill-Livingstone. 1989. Pp. 164-166.
3. Klein, J. A. Tumescent technique for local anesthesia improves safety in large-volume liposuction. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 92: 1085, 1993.
4. Klein, J. A. The tumescent technique: Anesthesia and modified liposuction technique. Dermatol. Clin. 8:425,1990.
5. Samdal, F., Amland, P. F., and Bugge, J. F. Blood loss during liposuction using the tumescent technique. Aesthetic Plast. Surg. 18: 157, 1994.
6. Lillis, P. J. Liposuction surgery under local anesthesia: Limited blood loss and minimal lidocaine absorption. J. Dermatol. Surg. Oncol. 14:1145, 1988.
7. Fodor, P. B. Defining wetting solutions in lipoplasty. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 103: 1519, 1999.
8. Rohrich, R. J., Kenkel, J. M., Janis, J. E., et al. An update on the role of subcutaneous infiltration in suction-assisted lipoplasty. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 111: 926, 2003.
9. Rohrich, R. J., and Beran, S. J. Is liposuction safe? Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 104: 819, 1999.
10. Klein, J. A. Tumescent technique for regional anesthesia permits lidocaine doses of 35 mg/kg for liposuction. J. Dermatol. Surg. Oncol. 16: 248, 1990.
11. Burk, R. W., Guzman-Stein, G., and Vasconez, L. O. Lidocaine and epinephrine levels in tumescent technique liposuction. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 97: 1379, 1996.
12. Grazer, F. M., and de Jong, R. H. Fatal outcomes from liposuction: Census survey of cosmetic surgeons. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 105: 436, 2000.
13. Barillo, D. J., Cancio, L. C., Kim, S. H., et al. Fatal and near fatal complications of liposuction. South. Med. J. 91: 487, 1998.
14. Gorney, M. Suction-assisted lipoplasty: Complications and fatal outcomes. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons, Boston, Mass., October 1998.
15. Gingrass, M. G. Lipoplasty complications and their prevention. Clin. Plast. Surg. 26: 341, 1999.
16. de Jong, R. H., and Grazer, F. M. Tumescent liposuction alert: Deaths from lidocaine cardiotoxicity. Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. 20: 100, 1999.
17. Platt, M. S., Kohler, L. J., Ruiz, R., et al. Deaths associated with liposuction: Case reports and review of the literature. J. Forensic Sci. 47: 205, 2002.
18. Rao, R. B., Ely, S. F., and Hoffman R. S. Deaths related to liposuction. N. Engl. J. Med. 340: 1471, 1999.
19. Leikin, J. B., and Watson, W. A. Post-mortem toxicology: What the dead can and cannot tell us. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 41: 47, 2003.
20. Kenkel, J. M., Lipschitz, A. H., Luby, M., et al. Hemodynamic physiology and thermoregulation in liposuction. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 114: 503, 2004.
21. Trott, S. A., Beran, S. J., Rohrich, R. J., et al. Safety considerations and fluid resuscitation in liposuction: An analysis of 53 consecutive patients. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 102: 2220, 1998.
22. Robertson, D., Johnson, G. A., Robertson, R. M., et al. Comparative assessment of stimuli that release neuronal and adrenomedullary catecholamines in man. Circulation 59: 637, 1979.
23. Jiang, N. S., and Machacek, D. Measurement of catecholamines in blood and urine by liquid chromatography with amperometric detection. In H. Parvez, M. Bastart-Malsot, S. Parvez, T. Nagatsu, and G. Carpentier (Eds.), Progress in HPLC-HPCE, Vol. 2. Zeist, The Netherlands: VSP International Science Publishers, 1987. Pp. 397-426.
24. Normann, N. A., Taylor, A. A., Crawford, E. S., DeBakey, M. E., and Saleh, S. A. Catecholamine release during and after cross clamping of descending thoracic aorta. J. Surg. Res. 34: 97, 1983.
25. Hawkey, C. M., Britton, B. J., Wood, W. G., et al. Changes in blood catecholamine levels and blood coagulation and fibrinolytic activity in response to graded exercise in man. Br. J. Haematol. 29: 377, 1975.
26. Halter, J. B., Pflug, A. E., and Porte, D. Mechanism of plasma catecholamine increases during surgical stress in man. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 45: 936, 1977.
27. Hammond, W. G., Aronow, L., and Moore, F. D. Studies in surgical endocrinology III: Plasma concentrations of epinephrine and norepinephrine in anesthesia, trauma and surgery, as measured by a modification of the method of Weil-Malherbe and Bone. Ann. Surg. 144: 715, 1956.
28. Watson, P. E., Watson, I. D., Batt, R. D., et al. Total body water volumes for adult males and females estimated from simple anthropometric measurements. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 33: 27, 1980.
29. Hardman, J. G., Limbird, L. E., and Gilman, A. G. (Eds.). Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 10th Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical, 2001. P. 19.
30. Baselt, R. C. Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man, 5th Ed. Foster City, Calif.: Chemical Toxicology Institute, 2000. Pp. 318-319.
31. Gilman, A. G., Rall, T. W., Nies, A. S., and Taylor, P. (Eds.). Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th Ed. New York: Pergamon, 1990. P. 197.
32. Herbert, D. W. Manual of Drugs in Anesthesia and Critical Care. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders, 1993. Pp. 198-199.
33. FitzGerald, G. A., Hossmann, V., Hamilton, C. A., et al. Interindividual variation in kinetics of infused epinephrine. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 26: 669, 1979.
34. Hanke, C. W., Coleman, W. P., III, Lillis, P. J., et al. Infusion rates and levels of premedication in tumescent liposuction. Dermatol. Surg. 23: 1131, 1997.
35. Butterwick, K. J., Goldman, M. P., and Sriprachya-Anunt, S. Lidocaine levels during the first two hours of infiltration of dilute anesthetic solution for tumescent liposuction: Rapid versus slow delivery. Dermatol. Surg. 25: 681, 1999.
36. Cummins, R. O., and Hazinski, M. F. The next chapter in the high-dose epinephrine story: unfavorable neurologic outcomes? Ann. Intern. Med. 129: 501, 1998.
37. Bayer. Epinephrine [package insert]. Johannesburg, South Africa: Bayer, 1992.
38. Freedman, B. J. Accidental adrenaline overdose and its treatment with piperoxan. Lancet 2: 575, 1955.
39. Fyfe, A. I., Daly, P. A., Dorain, P., et al. Reversible "cardiomyopathy" after accidental adrenaline overdose. Am. J. Cardiol 67: 318, 1990.
40. Karch, S. B. Coronary artery spasm induced by intravenous epinephrine overdose. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 7: 485, 1989.
41. Larsen, L. S. Labetalol in the treatment of epinephrine overdose. Ann. Emerg. Med. 19: 680, 1990.
42. Levine, R. D., and Orkin, L. R. Epinephrine overdose. N.Y. State J. Med. 81: 1669, 1981.
43. Carter, B. T. Severe reaction to accidental subcutaneous administration of large doses of epinephrine. Anesth. Analg. 50: 175, 1971.
44. Bouloux, P., Perret, D., and Besser, G. M. Methodological considerations in the determination of plasma catecholamines by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Ann. Clin. Biochem. 22: 194, 1985.
45. Kock, D. D., and Palzin, G. L. Evaluation of new plasma catecholamine control material using two liquid chromatographic approaches (Abstract). Clin. Chem. 33: 886, 1987.
46. Bravo, E. L., Tarazi, R. C., Gifford, R. W., et al. Circulating and urinary catecholamines in pheochromocytoma, diagnosis and pathophysiologic implications. N. Engl. J. Med. 301: 682, 1979.
47. Clutter, W. E., Bier, D. M., Shah, S. D., et al. Epinephrine plasma metabolic clearance rates and physiologic thresholds for metabolic and hemodynamic actions in man. J. Clin. Invest. 66: 94, 1980.
48. Lipschitz, A. H., Kenkel, J. M., Luby, M., Sorokin, E., Rohrich, R. J., and Brown, S. A. Electrolyte and plasma enzyme analyses during large-volume liposuction. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 114: 766, 2004.
49. Pinter, A., and Dorian, P. Intravenous antiarrhythmic agents. Curr. Opin. Cardiol. 16: 17, 2001.
50. Durand, J., Giacobino, J. P., Deshusses, J., et al. Re-evaluation of the relationship between catechol-O-methyl transferase and the binding of norepinephrine to brown adipocytes membranes. Biochem. Pharmacol. 28: 1347, 1979.
51. Horst, W. D., Gattanell, P., Urbano, S., et al. Catecholmethyl transferase in erythrocytes and fat cells. Life Sci. 8: 473, 1969.
52. Kortez, S. H., and Marinetti, G. V. Binding of 1-norepinephrine to isolated rat fat cell plasma membranes: Evidence against covalent binding to catechol-O-methyl transferase. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 61: 22, 1974.