The Street-Level Epistemology of Trust

Politics & Society

Volumn 21, Issue 4, 1993, Pages 505-529

  Hardin, Russell ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 11744348112     PISSN: 00323292     EISSN: 15527514     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0032329293021004006     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. James S. Coleman, Foundations of Social Theory (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990), chap. 5.
2. Russell Hardin, “Trusting Persons, Trusting Institutions,” in Richard Zeckhauser, ed., The Strategy of Choice (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1991), 185-209.
3. Bernard Barber, The Logic and Limits of Trust (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1983)
4. Diego Gambetta, ed., Trust: Making and Breaking Cooperative Relations (New York and Oxford: Blackwell, 1988), 217-18
5. Partha Dasgupta, “Trust As a Commodity,” in Gambetta, Trust, 49-72.
6. Annette Baier, “Trust and Antitrust,”Ethics 96 (1986): 231-60.
7. Coleman, Foundations of Social Theory, 177-80.
8. Russell Hardin, “Exchange Theory on Strategic Bases,”Social Science Information 21 (1982): 251-72.
9. Baier, “Trust and Antitrust,” 252.
10. Niklas Luhmann, Trust: A Mechanism for the Reduction of Social Complexity, in Luhmann, Trust and Power (New York: Wiley, 1980), 4-103, at 42; also see Lars Hertzberg, “On the Attitude of Trust,”Inquiry 31 (1988): 307-22.
11. Luhmann, Trust, 37.
12. Baier, “Trust and Antitrust,” 236
13. Luhmann, Trust, 27.
14. David Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature, edited by L. A. Selby-Bigge and P. H. Nidditch, 2d ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978 [1739-40]), 497.
15. Coleman, Foundations of Social Theory, 101.
16. Erik H. Erickson, Childhood and Society, 2d ed. (New York: Norton, 1963), 247-51.
17. Luhmann, Trust, 27.
18. Coleman, Foundations of Social Theory, 100.
19. Bernard Williams, “Formal Structures and Social Reality,” in Gambetta, Trust, 3-13; also see Geoffrey Hawthorn, “Three Ironies in Trust,” in Gambetta, Trust, 111-26.
20. Niklas Luhmann, “Familiarity, Confidence, Trust: Problems and Alternatives,” in Gambetta, Trust, 94-107, at 102. As noted below, Luhmann earlier wrote of “system-trust,” which must transcend interpersonal (thick) relations (Luhmann, Trust, 22, 30).
21. F. G. Bailey, “The Creation of Trust,” in Bailey, Humbuggery and Manipulation” (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1988), 82-99, at 85-86, 91.
22. Coleman, Foundations of Social Theory, 180-85.
23. Luhmann, Trust, 22 and 30.
24. John Dunn, “Trust and Political Agency,” in Gambetta, Trust, 73-93, at 83.
25. Bailey, “The Creation of Trust,” 85.
26. Roland N. McKean, “Economics of Trust, Altruism, and Corporate Responsibility,” in Edmund S. Phelps, ed., Altruism, Morality, and Economic Theory (New York: Russell Sage, 1975): 29-44.
27. Luhmann, Trust, 8.
28. Kazuo Ishiguro, The Remains of the Day (New York: Vintage, 1990 [1989], 201.
29. McKean, “Economics of Trust,” 29. In context, this seems to be a claim about the trustworthiness of those we might trust.
30. Dasgupta, “Trust As a Commodity,” 51, also 64
31. George Akerlof, “The Market for Lemons': Qualitative Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism,”Quarterly Journal of Economics 84 (1970): 488-500
32. Kenneth J. Arrow, The Limits of Organization (New York: Norton, 1974).
33. Dunn, “Trust and Political Agency,” 84.
34. Gambetta, Trust, 225.
35. The incidence of severe post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may be extremely high among those abused at very young ages. A recent Dutch study found that 62% of women who were victims of childhood incest suffered PTSD. A control group of women with “ordinary negative life events” in childhood suffered no PTSD (Francine Albach and Walter Everaerd, “Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Victims of Childhood Incest,”Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 57 [1992]: 143-52). PTSD, first well studied in soldiers with grim combat experiences, now seems likely to afflict abused children and women even more heavily. For example, multiple personality disorder is thought to be a severe form of post-traumatic stress disorder after childhood abuse. A central problem of effective therapy is establishing trust with patients who do not readily trust (“Post-Traumatic Stress: Part II,”Harvard Mental Health Letter 7, no. 9 [March 1991]: 1-4).
36. Gambetta, Trust, 230.
37. Hardin, “Trusting Persons, Trusting Institutions,” 187-88.
38. Robert Frank, “A Theory of Moral Sentiments,” in Jane J. Mansbridge, ed., Beyond Self-Interest (Chicago: University of Chicago, 1990), 71-96.
39. Erickson, Childhood and Society, 249. John Bowlby and his co-workers have assumed that the child faces ethological constraints during development. For example, if language is not learned before a certain young age, it cannot be learned thereafter. So too, there might be developmental stages in attachment (Inge Bretherton, “The Origins of Attachment Theory: John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth,”Development Psychology 28 [1992]: 759-75, at 762) and trusting.
40. Dunn, “Trust and Political Agency,” 73, 80
41. Luhmann, Trust, 19.
42. Baier, “Trust and Antitrust,” 235.
43. Annette Baier, “What Do Women Want in a Moral Theory?”Nous 19 (1985): 53-64, at 61: also see Gambetta, Trust, 235.
44. Luhmann, Trust, 24.
45. Dunn, “Trust and Political Agency,” 85; also see Luhmann, Trust, 88.
46. Luhmann, Trust, 4.
47. Luhmann, Trust, 72.
48. Perhaps this is the sense of Luhmann's (Trust, 74) claim that distrust is self-reinforcing: It does not generate enough information for the distruster to correct her or his view of possibilities.
49. This is a common theme in the trust literature, especially the social psychological literature. For example, see Robert L. Swinth, “The Establishment of the Trust Relationship,”Journal of Conflict Resolution 11 (1967): 335-44.
50. Swinth, “Establishment of the Trust Relationship,” 343.
51. Coleman, Foundations of Social Theory, 180-85.
52. Julian B. Rotter, “Interpersonal Trust, Trustworthiness, and Gullibility,”American Psychologist 35 (1980): 1-7.
53. Alejandro Portes and Julia Sensenbrenner, “Embeddedness and Immigration: Notes on the Social Determinants of Economic Action,”American Journal of Sociology 98 (May 1993): 1320-50.
54. Luhmann, Trust, 36.
55. Coleman, Foundations of Social Theory, 114.
56. Russell Hardin, “Hobbesian Political Order,”Political Theory 19 (1991): 156-80.
57. Barber, Logic and Limits of Trust, 170.
58. McKean, “Economics of Trust,” 31.
59. Anthony Pagden, “The Destruction of Trust and Its Economic Consequences in the Case of Eighteenth-Century Naples,” in Gambetta, Trust, 127-41; see also, 162.
60. Gambetta, Trust, 163.
61. Coleman, Foundations of Social Theory, 92.
62. Luhmann speaks of trust as capital in a passage in which his subject seems not to be trust but, rather, trustworthiness (Trust, 64). One could straightforwardly invest in becoming trustworthy or in a reputation for trustworthiness. The appearance of trustworthiness may therefore be a capital asset in some cases. But to treat trust as human capital is confusing.
63. For example, John L. Aguilar, “Trust and Exchange: Expressive and Instrumental Dimensions of Reciprocity in a Peasant Community,”Ethos 12 (1984): 3-29.