Nanoscale imaging of the electronic tunneling barrier at a metal surface

Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures

Volumn 16, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 23-29

  Condon, G R ^a   Panitz, J A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 11644286835     PISSN: 10711023     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1116/1.589787     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. R. P. Johnson and W. Shockley, Phys. Rev. 49, 436 (1936).
2. E. W. Müller, Z. Tech. Phys. (Leipzig) 11, 412 (1936).
3. R. Gomer, J. Chem. Phys. 20, 1772 (1952).
4. D. J. Rose, J. Appl. Phys. 27, 215 (1956).
5. C. Kleint, Prog. Surf. Sci. 42, 101 (1993).
6. For a review of this period, see R. O. Jenkins, Rep. Prog. Phys. 9, 177 (1943).
7. R. H. Fowler and L. W. Nordheim, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 119, 173 (1928).
8. L. W. Nordheim, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 121, 626 (1928).
9. R. Gomer, Surf. Sci. 299/300, 129 (1994).
10. E. W. Müller, Z. Phys. 120, 261 (1943).
11. M. K. Wilkinson, J. Appl. Phys. 24, 1203 (1953).
12. R. Gomer and D. A. Speer, J. Chem. Phys. 21, 73 (1953).
13. W. P. Dyke et al., J. Appl. Phys. 25, 106 (1954).
14. E. W. Müller, Ergeb. Exakt. Naturw. 27, 327 (1953).
15. E. W. Müller, J. Appl. Phys. 26, 732 (1955).
16. M. F. H. van Toi et al., Surf. Sci. 266, 529 (1992).
17. M. F. H. van Toi et al., Surf. Sci. 266, 214 (1992).
18. G. Binnig and H. Rohrer, IBM J. Res. Dev. 30, 355 (1986).
19. G. Binnig and H. Rohrer, Surf. Sci. 126, 236 (1983).
20. W. B. Nottingham, J. Appl. Phys. 10, 73 (1939).
21. CENCO Part No. 55460U. Central Scientific Company, 3300 CENCO Parkway, Franklin Park, Illinois 60131.
22. Model No. 225.20. Bertan High Voltage, 121 New South Road, Hicksville, NY 11801.
23. Model No. 486 Picoammeter. Keithley Instruments Inc., 28775 Aurora Road, Cleveland, OH 44139.
24. Model No. 4810 Monochrome CCD Camera. Cohu Inc., Electronics Division, Box 85623, 5755 Kearny Villa Road, San Diego, CA 92123.
25. Model No. DS-20 Digital Image Memory/Processor. Quantex Corporation. No longer in business.
26. Two separate computers were used in the experiments. For data acquisition, we used a Macintosh LCIII with a National Instruments (Ref. 27) GPIB interface card (Model No. LC-GPIB). For analysis, we used a Power Macintosh 8500/120. Apple Computer Inc., 1 Infinite Loop, Cupertino, CA 95014.
27. National Instruments, 6504 Bridge Point Parkway, Austin, TX 78730-5039.
28. H. B. Michaelson, J. Appl. Phys. 48, 4729 (1977).
29. V. S. Fomenko, Handbook of Thermionic Properties (Plenum, New York, 1966).
30. E. W. Müller and T. T. Tsong, Field Ion Microscopy: Principles and Applications (Elsevier, New York, 1969).
31. I. Brodie and C. A. Spindt, Adv. Electron. Electron Phys. 83, 1 (1992).