Visions of gender and democracy: Revolutionary photo albums in Asia

Millenium

Volumn 27, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 1031-1060

  Callahan, William A ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 11544342365     PISSN: 03058298     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/03058298980270040601     Document Type: Article

References (86)

1. David Cronenburg, M. Butterfly (Los Angeles, CA: Warner Entertainment, 1993), and David Henry Hwang, M. Butterfly (London: Penguin, 1988), pp. 94-100.
2. David Cronenburg, M. Butterfly (Los Angeles, CA: Warner Entertainment, 1993), and David Henry Hwang, M. Butterfly (London: Penguin, 1988), pp. 94-100.
3. William A. Callahan, 'The Discourse of Democracy in Thailand: A Struggle for Meaning', Asian Review (\/ol. 7, 1993), pp. 126-70.
4. Kathy E. Ferguson, The Man Question: Visions of Subjectivity in Feminist Theory (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1993), pp. 191-92.
5. Edward Said, Orientalism (New York, NY: Vintage, 1978), p. 207.
6. Jan Nederveen Pieterse and Bhikhu Parekh, 'Shifting Imaginaries: Decolonisation, Internal Decolonisation and Postcoloniality', in Jan Nederveen Pieterse and Bhikhu Parekh (eds.), The Decolonisation of the Imagination: Culture, Knowledge and Power (London: Zed Press, 1995), p. 11.
7. William A. Callahan, 'Negotiating Cultural Boundaries: Confucianism and Transnational Identity in Korea', Cultural Values, forthcoming.
8. Mahathir Mohamad and Shintaro Ishihara, The Voice of Asia: Two Leaders Discuss the Coming Century (Tokyo: Kodansha International, 1995).
9. Voice of Malaysia radio, 29 May 1993, as quoted in Victor Mallet, 'Confucius or Convenience?', Financial Times in Bangkok Post (22 March 1994), p. 4.
10. Lee Kuan Yew, Sishi Nian Zhenglun Xuan [Selections from 40 Years of Political Writings] (Singapore: Lianhe Zaobao, 1993), p. 579; see Farced Zakaria, 'Culture is Destiny: A Conversation with Lee Kuan Yew', Foreign Affairs (Vol. 73. No. 2, 1994), p. 113.
11. Lee Kuan Yew, Sishi Nian Zhenglun Xuan [Selections from 40 Years of Political Writings] (Singapore: Lianhe Zaobao, 1993), p. 579; see Farced Zakaria, 'Culture is Destiny: A Conversation with Lee Kuan Yew', Foreign Affairs (Vol. 73. No. 2, 1994), p. 113.
12. Zakaria, op. cit., in note 9, p. 119.
13. Mahathir Mohamad, 'Corruption of Democracy in the World', The Nation [Bangkok] (8 October 1993), p. A6. For the full text, see H.E. Dato Seri Dr. Mahathir Bin Mohamad, 'Address to the Council of Foreign Relations', New York, 30 September 1993, Press Release No. 8/1993, (Bangkok: Embassy of Malaysia, 1993).
14. Stephanie Lawson, 'Cultural Relativism and Democracy: Political Myths about "Asia" and the "West"', in Richard Robison (ed.), Pathways to Asia: The Politics of Engagement (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1996), pp. 108-9, and Garry Rodan and Kevin Hewison, 'A "Clash of Cultures" or the Convergence of Political Ideology', in Richard Robison (ed.), Pathways to Asia: The Politics of Engagement (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1996), p. 49.
15. Stephanie Lawson, 'Cultural Relativism and Democracy: Political Myths about "Asia" and the "West"', in Richard Robison (ed.), Pathways to Asia: The Politics of Engagement (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1996), pp. 108-9, and Garry Rodan and Kevin Hewison, 'A "Clash of Cultures" or the Convergence of Political Ideology', in Richard Robison (ed.), Pathways to Asia: The Politics of Engagement (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1996), p. 49.
16. Roland Barthes, Mythologies (New York, NY: The Noonday Press, 1972), pp. 109-59.
17. William A. Callahan, 'Challenging the Order: Social Movements', in Richard Maidment, Jeremy Mitchell and David Goldblatt (eds.), Governance in the Asia-Pacific (London: Routledge, 1998), pp. 150-71.
18. Project 28 Days, Bayan Ko! Images of the People Power Revolt (Hong Kong: Project 28 Days, 1986).
19. Alan Clements and Leslie Kean, Burma's Revolution of the Spirit: The Struggle for Democratic Freedom and Dignity (Bangkok: While Orchid Press, 1995).
20. June Four: A Chronicle of the Chinese Democratic Uprising (London: University of Arkansas Press, 1989); translated from Bei Zhuang de Ming Yun: zuiheping kaishi, zui xuexing jiehsu (Hong Kong: Ming Bao Publishing House, 1989).
21. Catalyst for Change: Uprising in May (Bangkok, Thailand: Bangkok Post, 1992).
22. Callahan, op. cit., in note 14, pp. 165-67.
23. Pieterse and Parekh, op. cit., in note 5, p. 11.
24. Clements and Kean, op. cit., in note 16, p. 9.
25. Ibid., p. 109.
26. Hayden White, Metahistory: The Historical Imagination in Nineteenth-Century Europe (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973), pp. 8-12.
27. Michael J. Shapiro, The Politics of Representation: Writing Practices in Biography, Photography, and Policy Analysis (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1988), p. 124.
28. Alan Trachtenberg, Reading American Photographs: Images as History, Matthew Brady to Walker Evans (New York, NY: Hill and Wang, 1989), p. xv; see also Roland Barthes, Camera Lucida: Reflections on Photography (New York, NY: Hill and Wang, 1981).
29. Alan Trachtenberg, Reading American Photographs: Images as History, Matthew Brady to Walker Evans (New York, NY: Hill and Wang, 1989), p. xv; see also Roland Barthes, Camera Lucida: Reflections on Photography (New York, NY: Hill and Wang, 1981).
30. Ibid., p. 89.
31. Ibid., pp. 71-118.
32. Ibid., p. 79.
33. White, op. cit. ,in note 23, pp. 1-42.
34. Jeffrey N. Wasserstrom, 'Afterword: History, Myth and the Tales of Tiananmen', in Jeffrey N. Wasserstrom and Elizabeth J. Perry (eds.), Popular Protest and Popular Culture in Modern China, Second Edition (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1994), pp. 279-89.
35. Northrop Frye, Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1957), pp. 187-88 and 195, and Wasserstrom, op. cit., in note 30, p. 279.
36. Shapiro, op. cit., in note 24, p. 4.
37. See also Cynthia Enloe, Banana, Beaches and Bases (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1989), pp. 5-6.
38. Also see Cynthia Enloe, Banana, Beaches and Bases (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1989), pp. 5-6.
39. Shapiro, op. cit., in note 24, p. 130.
40. Bertil Lintner, Outrage: Burma's Struggle for Democracy (London: White Lotus, 1990), pp. 140 and 153.
41. Project 28 Days, op. cit., in note 15, pp. 60, 66-67, and 73.
42. Ibid., pp. 80, 88, and 104.
43. Ibid., pp. 61, and 64-65.
44. Ibid, p. 71.
45. Clements and Kean, op. cit., in note 16, pp. 6, 8, 10, 15, 17, 19-21, 24-27, 29, 35, 40-41, and 107.
46. Ibid., p. 50.
47. Aung San Sun Kyi, 'Keynote Address to the NGO Forum Plenary, Fourth World Conference on Women' (Bangkok: Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development Videos, 1995).
48. Clements and Kean, op. cit., in note 16, p. 77.
49. June Four, op. cit., in note 17, p. iii.
50. The Thai volumes also carry the burden of evidence. 'Record' is in the name of the most important Thai language albums: The Reporters' Association of Thailand's Journalists' Records from The Battleground on Rajadamnoen Road May 1992, The Manager Daily's Historical Records of 'pictures-specches-events' of Black May, and The Nation/Krungthep Turakit's Records of Sorrowful May. (Reporters' Association of Thailand, Banthuk yiewkhao na samoraphum thanon rajadamnoen phrusaphakom B.E. 2535 [Journalists' Records from the Battleground on Rajadamnoen Road May 1992] (Bangkok: Reporters' Association of Thailand, 1992); Manager Special Issue, Banthuk 'paap khamhetkarn' prawatthhisal phrusaphakorn thamin [Historical records of 'pictures-speeches-events' of Black May] (Bangkok: Manager, 1992), and The Nation and Krungthep Turakit, Banthuk phrusaphat maia wiphayok [Records of Sorrowful May]. Second edition (Bangkok: The Nation Publishing Group, 1992)).
51. The Thai volumes also carry the burden of evidence. 'Record' is in the name of the most important Thai language albums: The Reporters' Association of Thailand's Journalists' Records from The Battleground on Rajadamnoen Road May 1992, The Manager Daily's Historical Records of 'pictures-specches-events' of Black May, and The Nation/Krungthep Turakit's Records of Sorrowful May. (Reporters' Association of Thailand, Banthuk yiewkhao na samoraphum thanon rajadamnoen phrusaphakom B.E. 2535 [Journalists' Records from the Battleground on Rajadamnoen Road May 1992] (Bangkok: Reporters' Association of Thailand, 1992); Manager Special Issue, Banthuk 'paap khamhetkarn' prawatthhisal phrusaphakorn thamin [Historical records of 'pictures-speeches-events' of Black May] (Bangkok: Manager, 1992), and The Nation and Krungthep Turakit, Banthuk phrusaphat maia wiphayok [Records of Sorrowful May]. Second edition (Bangkok: The Nation Publishing Group, 1992)).
52. The Thai volumes also carry the burden of evidence. 'Record' is in the name of the most important Thai language albums: The Reporters' Association of Thailand's Journalists' Records from The Battleground on Rajadamnoen Road May 1992, The Manager Daily's Historical Records of 'pictures-specches-events' of Black May, and The Nation/Krungthep Turakit's Records of Sorrowful May. (Reporters' Association of Thailand, Banthuk yiewkhao na samoraphum thanon rajadamnoen phrusaphakom B.E. 2535 [Journalists' Records from the Battleground on Rajadamnoen Road May 1992] (Bangkok: Reporters' Association of Thailand, 1992); Manager Special Issue, Banthuk 'paap khamhetkarn' prawatthhisal phrusaphakorn thamin [Historical records of 'pictures-speeches-events' of Black May] (Bangkok: Manager, 1992), and The Nation and Krungthep Turakit, Banthuk phrusaphat maia wiphayok [Records of Sorrowful May]. Second edition (Bangkok: The Nation Publishing Group, 1992)).
53. Shapiro, op. cit., in note 24, p. 141.
54. See Wasserstrom, op. cit., in note 30, p. 288 . A more recent official volume which uses visual texts to commemorate the past for official purposes is Bainian Guochi Ditu [Atlas of the Century100 Years of National Humiliation] (Beijing: People's Publishing House, 1997).
55. Lee Feigon, 'Gender and the Chinese Student Movement', in Wasserstrom and Perry (eds.), op. cit., in note 30, pp. 132-33.
56. Rey Chow, 'Violence in the Other Country', in Chandra Talpade Mohanty, Ann Russo, and Lourdes Torres (eds.), Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1991), p. 82.
57. Jiranand Pitpreecha, 'Women Man the Front Lines', Nation Weekly Briefing (Vol.1. No. 30), p. 34.
58. June Four, op. cit., in note 17, pp. 76 (photo), 81 (text).
59. William A. Callahan, Imagining Democracy: Reading the Events of May in Thailand (Singapore and London: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1998), pp. 35-84.
60. June Four, op. cit., in note 17, pp. 24 (photo), 26-7 (text).
61. Ibid., p. 24.
62. Ibid., p. 26.
63. Ibid., pp. xii, and 80-81.
64. Ibid., pp. x-xi.
65. Ibid., p. 57.
66. Ibid., p. 17.
67. Ibid., pp. 17, and 41.
68. Ibid., pp. 65, 44, and 69.
69. See, for example, Roxanne Lynn Doty, Imperial Encounters: The Politics of Representation in North-South Relations (Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1996), pp. 127-44; Alexander Woodside, 'The Asia-Pacific Idea as a Mobilisation Myth', in Arif Dirlik (ed.), What is in a Rim? Criticial Perspectives on the Pacific Region Idea, Second Edition (Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield, 1998), pp. 37-52.
70. See, for example, Roxanne Lynn Doty, Imperial Encounters: The Politics of Representation in North-South Relations (Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1996), pp. 127-44; Alexander Woodside, 'The Asia-Pacific Idea as a Mobilisation Myth', in Arif Dirlik (ed.), What is in a Rim? Criticial Perspectives on the Pacific Region Idea, Second Edition (Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield, 1998), pp. 37-52.
71. Chen Xiaomei, Occidentalism: A Theory of Counter-Discourse in Post-Mao China (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), p. 48.
72. Ibid., p. 41.
73. Ibid., p. 10. Though Chen is concerned with the 'everyday life' of common people, she goes out of her way to criticise the application of subaltern studies in China. See, Ibid., pp.21-24 . This curious reassertion of urban intellectual hegemony is in contrast to resistance movements in South Korea which profitably use the concept of subaltern. See William A. Callahan, 'Comparing the Discourse of Popular Politics in Korea and China: from Civil Society to Social Movements', Korea Journal (Vol. 39 No. 1, 1998), pp. 277-322.
74. Ibid., p. 10. Though Chen is concerned with the 'everyday life' of common people, she goes out of her way to criticise the application of subaltern studies in China. See, Ibid., pp.21-24 . This curious reassertion of urban intellectual hegemony is in contrast to resistance movements in South Korea which profitably use the concept of subaltern. See William A. Callahan, 'Comparing the Discourse of Popular Politics in Korea and China: from Civil Society to Social Movements', Korea Journal (Vol. 39 No. 1, 1998), pp. 277-322.
75. Ibid., p. 10. Though Chen is concerned with the 'everyday life' of common people, she goes out of her way to criticise the application of subaltern studies in China. See, Ibid., pp.21-24 . This curious reassertion of urban intellectual hegemony is in contrast to resistance movements in South Korea which profitably use the concept of subaltern. See William A. Callahan, 'Comparing the Discourse of Popular Politics in Korea and China: from Civil Society to Social Movements', Korea Journal (Vol. 39 No. 1, 1998), pp. 277-322.
76. Li Tuo, 'Resisting Writing', in Liu Kang and Xiaobing Tang (eds.), Politics, Ideology, and Literary Discourse in Modern China: Theoretical Interventions and Cultural Critique (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1993), p. 274.
77. Ibid., p. 275.
78. Germie Barmé and Linda Jaivin (eds.), New Ghosts, Old Dreams: Chinese Rebel Voices (New York: Times Books, 1992);, and Wasserstrom and Perry (eds.), op. cit., in note 30.
79. June Four, op. cit., in note 17, p. 138. See Rey Chow, Writing Diaspora: Tactics of Intervention in Contemporary Cultural Studies (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1993), p. 82.
80. Elshtain, op. cit., in note 34, p. 257.
81. White, op. cit., in note 23, p. 9 and Korhonen, op. cit., in note 63, pp. 6-8.
82. Jonathan Hay, 'Zhang Hongtu/Hongtu Zhang: an Interview', in John Hay (ed.), Boundaries in China (London: Reaktion Books, 1994), p. 282.
83. Barmé and Jaivin, op. cit., in note 69, pp. xxv, and 404.
84. The Nation ([Bangkok:22 February 1993).
85. Benedict Anderson, 'Cacique Democracy in the Philippines: Origins and Dreams', in Vicente L. Rafael (ed.), Discrepant Histories: Translocal Essays on Filipino Cultures (Manila: Anvil Publishing /Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1995), pp. 3-4.
86. Aung San Suu Kyi, Freedom from Fear, Revised Edition (London: Penguin, 1995), pp. 200-201.