High altitude haze: Influence of monomer particles on Titan's temperature profile

Planetary and Space Science

Volumn 47, Issue 10-11, 1999, Pages 1341-1346

  Lammer, H ^a   Stumptner, W ^a,b  

^a Austrian Academy of Sciences   (Austria)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GRAZ   (Austria)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 11544315057     PISSN: 00320633     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/s0032-0633(99)00055-0     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Cabane, M., Chassefiere, E., Israel, G., 1992. Formation and growth of photochemical aerosols in Titan's atmosphere. Icarus 96, 176-189.
2. Cabane, M., Rannou, P., Chassefiere, E., Israel, G., 1993. Fractal aggregates in Titan's atmosphere. Planet. Space Sci. 41, 257-267.
3. Chassefiere, E., Cabane, M., 1995. Two formation regions for Titan's hazes: indirect clues and possible synthesis mechanisms. Planet. Space Sci. 43, 91-103.
4. Courtin, R., Wagener, R., McKay, C.P., Caldwell, J., Fricke, K., Raulin, F., Bruston, P., 1991. UV spectroscopy of Titan's atmosphere, planetary organic chemistry and prebiological synthesis: II Interpretation of the new IUE observations in the 220-335 nm range. Icarus 90, 43-46.
5. Friedson, A.J., Yung, Y.L., 1984. The thermosphere of Titan. J. Geophys. Res. 89, 85-90.
6. Hamill, P., Toon, O.B., Kiang, C.S., 1977. Microphysical processes affecting stratospheric aerosol particles. J. Atmos. Sci. 34, 1104-1119.
7. Hanel, R., Conrath, B., Flasar, F.M., Kunde, V., Maguire, W., Pearl, J., Pirraglia, J., Samuelson, R., Herath, L., Allison, M., Cruikshank, D., Gautier, D., Gierasch, P., Horn, L., Koppany, R., Ponnamperuma, C., 1981. Infrared observations of the Saturnian system from Voyager. Science 212, 192-200.
8. Hudson, R.D., 1971. Photoabsorption cross sections of molecules. Rev. Geophys. Space Physics 9, 382-383.
9. Israel, G., Cabane, M., Raulin, F., Chassefiere, E., Boon, J.J., 1991. Aerosols in Titan's atmosphere: models, sampling techniques and chemical analysis. Ann. Geophysicae 9, 1-13.
10. Khare, B.N., Sagan, C., Arakawa, E.T., Suits, F., Callott, T.A., Williams, M.W., 1984. Optical constants of organic tholins produced in a simulated Titanian atmosphere: From soft X-ray to microwave frequencies. Icarus 60, 127-137.
11. Lammer, H., Stumptner, W., Bauer, S.J., 1998. Dynamic escape of H from Titan as consequence of sputtering induced heating. Planet. Space Sci. 46, 1207-1213.
12. Lellouch, E., Hunten, D.M., Kockarts, G., Coustenis, A., 1990. Titan's Thermosphere Profile. Icarus 83, 308-324.
13. Lellouch, E., 1990. Atmospheric models of Titan and Triton. Annales Geophysicae 8, 653-660.
14. Lide, D.R., 1993. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Chemical Rubber Publishing Company, USA.
15. Lindal, G.F., Wood, G.E., Hotz, H.B., Sweetman, D.N., Eshleman, V.R., Tyler, G.L., 1983. The atmosphere of Titan: An analysis of the Voyager 1 radio-occultation measurements. Icarus 222, 1229-1230.
16. McKay, C.P., Pollack, J.B., Courtin, R., 1989. The thermal structure of Titan's atmosphere. Icarus 80, 23-53.
17. McKay, C.P., Martin, S.C., Griffith, C.A., Keller, R.M., 1997. Temperature lapse rate and methane in Titan's troposphere. Icarus 129, 498-505.
18. Neff, J.S., Humm, D.C., Bergstralh, J.T., Cochran, A.L., Cochran, W.C., Barker, E.S., Tull, R.G., 1984. Absolute spectrometry of Titan, Uranus and Neptune: 3500-10,500 Å. Icarus 60, 221-235.
19. Podolak, M., Giver, L.P., 1979. On inhomogeneous scattering models of Titan's atmosphere. Icarus 37, 361-376.
20. Rages, K., Pollack, J.B., 1980. A numerical study of aerosol growth in Titan's atmosphere. Icarus 58, 325-329.
21. Rages, K., Pollack, J.B., 1983. Vertical distributions of scattering hazes in Titan's upper atmsophere. Icarus 55, 50-62.
22. Rannou, P., Cabane, M., Chassefiere, E., 1993. Growth of aerosols in Titan's atmosphere and related time scales: A stochastic approach. Geophys. Res. Lett. 20, 967-970.
23. Rannou, P., Cabane, M., Chassefiere, E., Botet, R., McKay, C.P., Courtin, R., 1995. Titan's geometric albedo: Role of the fractal structure of the aerosols. Icarus 118, 355-372.
24. Rannou, P., Cabane, M., Chassefiere, 1997. A new interpretation of scattered light measurements at Titan's limb. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 10,997-11,013.
25. Rees, M.H., 1989. Physics and Chemistry of the Upper Atmosphere. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Cambridge Atmospheric and Space Science Series.
26. Samuelson, R.E., 1983. Radiative equilibrium models of Titan's atmosphere. Icarus 53, 364-387.
27. Smith, G.R., Strobel, D.F., Broadfoot, A.L., Sandel, B.R., Shemansky, D.E., Holberg, J.B., 1982. Titan's upper atmosphere: Composition and temperature from EUV solar occultation results. J. Geophys. Res. 87, 1351-1359.
28. Steiner, G., 1994a. Microphysical processes affecting aerosols: A short overview supporting numerical studies, Internal Report No. 88, Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria.
29. Steiner, G., 1994b. A study of the absorption coefficient for organic tholin, Space Research Institute, Internal Report, Graz, Austria.
30. Tomasko, M.G., Smith, P.H., 1982. Photometry and polarimetry of Titan: Pioneer 11 observations and their implication for aerosol properties. Icarus 51, 65-95.
31. Toon, O.B., McKay, C.P., Griffith, C.A., Turco, R.P., 1992. A physical model of Titan's aerosols. Icarus 95, 24-53.
32. West, R.A., Lane, A.L., Hart, H., Simmons, K.E., Hord, C.W., Coffeen, D.L., Esposito, L.W., Sato, M., Pomphrey, R.B., 1983. Voyager 2 photopolarimeter observations of Titan. J. Geophys. Res. 88, 8699-8708.
33. West, R.A., Smith, P.H., 1991. Evidence for aggregate particles in the atmospheres of Titan and Jupiter. Icarus 90, 330-333.
34. Yelle, R.V., 1991. Non-LTE models of Titan's upper atmosphere. Astrophys. J. 383, 380-400.