Hydrodynamic behavior in expanding thermal clouds of 87Rb

Physical Review A - Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics

Volumn 68, Issue 6, 2003, Pages

  Shvarchuck, I ^a   Buggle, Ch ^a   Petrov, D S ^a,b   Kemmann, M ^a   Von Klitzing, W ^a   Shlyapnikov, G V ^a,b   Walraven, J T M ^a  

^a FOM INSTITUTE AMOLF   (Netherlands)

^b KURCHATOV INSTITUTE   (Russian Federation)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CALCULATIONS; CLOUDS; CONDENSATION; EVAPORATION; MAGNETOOPTICAL EFFECTS; OPTICAL PUMPING; RUBIDIUM; TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES;

BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; CLOUD TEMPERATURE DROP; MAGNETO-OPTICAL TRAP; MEAN FREE PATH; THERMAL CLOUD; TIME-OF-FLIGHT THERMOMETRY;

HYDRODYNAMICS;

EID: 1142292296     PISSN: 10502947     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. M.H. Anderson, J.R. Ensher, M.R. Matthews, C.E. Wieman, and E.A. Cornell, Science 269, 198 (1995).
2. K.B. Davis, M.-O. Mewes, M.R. Andrews, N.J. van Druten, D.S. Durfee, D.M. Kurn, and W. Ketterle, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3969 (1995).
3. I. Shvarchuck, Ch. Buggle, D.S. Petrov, K. Dieckmann, M. Zielonkowski, M. Kemmann, T. Tiecke, W. von Klitzing, G.V. Shlyapnikov, and J.T.M. Walraven, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 270404 (2002).
4. F. Gerbier, J.H. Thywissen, S. Richard, M. Hugbart, P. Bouyer, and A. Aspect, e-print cond-mat/0307188.
5. K.M. O'Hara, S.L. Hemmer, M.E. Gehm, S.R. Granade, and J.E. Thomas, Science 298, 2179 (2002).
6. T. Bourdel, J. Cubizolles, L. Khaykovich, K.M.F. Magalhães, S.J.J.M.F. Kokkelmans, G.V. Shlyapnikov, and C. Salomon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 020402 (2003).
7. L. Pitaevskii and S. Stringari, Bose-Einstein Condensation (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 2003).
8. Yu. Kagan, E.L. Surkov, and G.V. Shlyapnikov, Phys. Rev. A 55, R18 (1997).
9. A. Griffin, W.C. Wu, and S. Stringari, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 1838 (1997).
10. D. Guéry-Odelin, F. Zambelli, J. Dalibard, and S. Stringari, Phys. Rev. A 60, 4851 (1999).
11. U. Al Khawaja, C.J. Pethick, and H. Smith, J. Low Temp. Phys. 118, 127 (2000).
12. D. Guéry-Odelin, Phys. Rev. A 66, 033613 (2002).
13. P. Pedri, D. Guéry-Odelin, and S. Stringari, Phys. Rev. A 68, 043608 (2003).
14. H. Wu and E. Arimondo, Europhys. Lett. 43, 141 (1998).
15. D.M. Stamper-Kurn, H.J. Miesner, S. Inouye, M.R. Andrews, and W. Ketterle, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 500 (1998).
16. M. Leduc, J. Leonard, F.P. Dos Santos, E. Jahier, S. Schwartz, and C. Cohen-Tannoudji, Acta Phys. Pol. B 33, 2213 (2002).
17. S. Jochim, M. Bartenstein, G. Hendl, J.H. Denschlag, R. Grimm, A. Mosk, and M. Weidemüller, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 273202 (2003).
18. S. Gupta, Z. Hadzibabic, M.W. Zwierlein, C.A. Stan, K. Dieckmann, C.H. Schunck, E.G.M. van Kempen, B.J. Verhaar, and W. Ketterle, Science 300, 1723 (2003).
19. C.A. Regal and D.S. Jin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 230404 (2003).
20. F. Dalfovo, S. Giorgini, L.P. Pitaevskii, and S. Stringari, Rev. Mod. Phys. 71, 463 (1999).
21. K. Dieckmann, R.J.C. Spreeuw, M. Weidemüller, and J.T.M. Walraven, Phys. Rev. A 58, 3891 (1998).
22. I. Bloch, T.W. Hänsch, and T. Esslinger, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 3008 (1999).
23. The excitation of a quadrupole oscillation by the procedure of forced evaporation [3,24] can give rise to spurious anisotropies in the expansion and should be avoided. We verified this point explicitly: the aspect ratio, measured after 8 ms of expansion, was found to be constant to within experimental error (1%) as a function of plain evaporation time.
24. I. Shvarchuck, Ph.D. thesis, University of Amsterdam, 2003 (unpublished).
25. S. Chapman and T.G. Cowling, The Mathematical Theory of Non-Uniform Gases (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1970).
26. E.G.M. van Kempen, S.J.J.M.F. Kokkelmans, D.J. Heinzen, and B.J. Verhaar, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 093201 (2002).
27. 0 correction. In plotting the aspect ratio errors of this type-at least partially-cancel.
28. W. Ketterle, D.S. Durfee and D.M. Stamper-Kurn, in Making, Probing and Understanding Bose-Einstein Condensates, Proceedings of the International School of Physics "Enrico Fermi," Course CXL, edited by M. Inguscio, S. Stringari, and C. Wieman (IOS Press, Amsterdam, 1999).
29. 2. The laser polarization is linear. The effects of saturation and optical pumping arise only at small detunings and are corrected for to first order where necessary.
30. 0.
31. The peak density determination based on the optical cross section agrees within a factor of 2 with the value based on the fugacity.
32. V.V. Goldman, I.F. Silvera, and A.J. Leggett, Phys. Rev. B 24, 2870 (1981)
33. 0)≈0.22.
34. In using this relation only the broadening of the Bose distribution is taken into account and not its deformation.
35. 4 times its radial size.
36. Atomic and Molecular Beam Methods, edited by G. Scoles (Oxford University Press, New York, 1992).
37. 3[D]-1n D).
38. 2/3(t) and the gas becomes more hydrodynamic during the expansion until ultimately the unitarity condition ka≫1 breaks down due to cooling of the gas cloud.
39. z.
40. -3.
41. Here the low-density data represented by the open circles in Fig. 2 are left outside consideration.
42. 0=0.71(4).
43. S. Inouye, M.R. Andrews, J. Stenger, H.-J. Miesner, D.M. Stamper-Kurn, and W. Ketterle, Nature (London) 392, 151 (1998).
44. S.L. Cornish, N.R. Claussen, J.L. Roberts, E.A. Cornell, and C.E. Wieman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 1795 (1998).