Adolescents with Turkish Background in Norway and Sweden: A comparative study of their psychological adaptation

Scandinavian Journal of Psychology

Volumn 45, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 15-25

  Virta, Erkki ^a,b   Sam, David L ^c   Westin, Charles ^a  

^a STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN   (Norway)

Author keywords

Acculturation; Adolescents; Immigrants; Life satisfaction; Mental health; Self esteem; Turks

Indexed keywords

ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR; ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CULTURAL FACTOR; ETHNOLOGY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE; NORWAY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; QUESTIONNAIRE; SELF CONCEPT; SWEDEN; TURKEY (REPUBLIC);

ACCULTURATION; ADAPTATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; ADOLESCENT; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MENTAL DISORDERS; NORWAY; QUESTIONNAIRES; SELF CONCEPT; SWEDEN; TURKEY;

EID: 1142288503     PISSN: 00365564     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2004.00374.x     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Aronowitz, M. (1984). The social and emotional adjustment of immigrant children. International Migration Review, 26, 89-110.
2. Beiser, M. & Flemming, J. A. E. (1986). Measuring psychiatric disorder among Southeast Asian refugees. Psychological Medicine, 16, 627-639.
3. Bengli-Arslan, L., Verhulst, F. C. & van der Ende, J. (1997). Understanding children (problem) behaviours from cultural perspective: Comparison of problem behaviours and competences in Turkish immigrant, Turks and Dutch children. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 32, 477-484.
4. Berry, J. W. (1990). Psychology of acculturation. In J. J. Berman (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation 1989: Cross-cultural perspectives (pp. 201-234). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
5. Berry, J. W. (1997). Immigration, acculturation and adaptation (Lead article). Applied Psychology: An International Review, 46, 5-68.
6. Berry, J. W. & Kim, U. (1988). Acculturation and mental health. In P. Dasen, J. W. Berry & N. Sortarious (Eds.), Health and cross-cultural psychology: Towards applications (pp. 207-236). London: Sage.
7. Berry, J. W., Kim, U., Power, S., Young, M. & Bujaki, M. (1989). Acculturation attitudes in plural societies. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 38, 185-206.
8. Berry, J. W., Kwak, K., Liebkind, K., Phinney, J. S., Sabatier, C., Sam, D. L., Virta, E. & Westin, C. (1995). Questionnaires for the international comparative study of ethnocultural youth, the ICSEY project. Unpublished working document of the ICSEY project.
9. Berry, J. W. & Sam, D. L. (1997). Acculturation and adaptation. In J. W. Berry, M. H. Segall & C. Kagitcibasi (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology, Vol. 3: Social behaviour and applications (2nd ed.) (pp. 291-326). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
10. Birman, D. (1994). Acculturation and human diversity in a multicultural society. In E. J. Trickett, R. J. Watts & D. Birman (Eds.), Human diversity: Perspectives on people in context (pp. 261-284). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
11. Blalock, H. M. (1964). Causal inferences in non-experimental research. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
12. Bollen, K. & Lennox, R. (1991). Conventional wisdom on measurement. A structural equation perspective. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 305-314.
13. Brochmann, G. (1999). Redrawing lines of control: The Norwegian welfare state dilemma. In G. Brochmann & T. Hammar (Eds.), Mechanisms of immigration control. A comparative analysis of European regulation policies (pp. 203-232). Oxford: Berg.
14. Bromley, M. A. (1988). Identity as a central adjustment issue for Southeast Asian unaccompanied refugee minors. Child and Youth Care Quarterly, 17, 104-114.
15. Chung, R. & Kagawa-Singer, M. (1993). Predictors of psychological distress among Southeast Asian refugees. Social Science and Medicine, 36, 631-639.
16. Clark, R., Anderson, N. B., Clark, W. R. & Williams, D. R. (1999). Racism as a stressor for African Americans: A biosocial model. American Psychologist, 54, 805-816.
17. Cohon, J. D. (1981). Psychological adaptation and dysfunction among refugees. International Migration Review, 15, 255-275.
18. Derogatis, L. R., Lipman, R. S., Rickels, K., Uhlenhuth, E. H. & Covi, L. (1974). The Hopkins symptom checklist (HSCL): A self-report symptom inventory. Behavioral Science, 19, 1-15.
19. Diener, E., Emmons, A., Larsen, R. J. & Riffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale: A measure of life satisfaction. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75.
20. Dona, G. & Berry, J. W. (1994). Acculturation attitudes and acculturative stress of Central American refugees. International Journal of Psychology, 29, 57-70.
21. Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crises. New York: Norton.
22. Fernando, S. (1994). Racism as a cause of depression. The International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 30, 41-49.
23. Fuligni, A. J. (1998). The adjustment of children from immigrant families. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 7, 99-103.
24. Gil, A. G. & Vega, W. A. (1996). Two different worlds: Acculturation stress and adaptation among Cuban and Nicaraguan families, Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 13, 435-456.
25. Gil, A. G., Vega, W. A. & Dimas, J. M. (1994). Acculturative stress and personal adjustment among Hispanic adolescent boys. Journal of Community Psychology, 22, 43-54.
26. Grob, A. (1998). Adolescents' subjective well-being in fourteen cultural contexts. In J.-E. Nurmi (Ed.), Adolescents, cultures and conflicts - Growing up in contemporary Europe. European advances of social research (pp. 199-224). New York: Garland Publishing Inc.
27. Hammar, T. (1999). Closing the doors to the Swedish welfare state. In G. Brochmann & T. Hammar (Eds.), Mechanisms of immigration control: A comparative analysis of European regulation policies (pp. 169-201). Oxford: Berg.
28. Hocoy, D. (1997). Apartheid, racism, and black mental health in South Africa, and the role of racial identity. Unpublished PhD dissertation. Kingston: Queen's University, Canada.
29. Iman, M. & Baron, R. S. (1996). Influence of prototypes on perceptions of prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 727-739.
30. Jasinskaja-Lahti, I. (2000). Psychological acculturation and adaptation among Russian-speaking adolescents in Finland. Social Psychological Studies, 2. Helsinki: Department of Social Psychology, University of Helsinki.
31. Kinze, J. D., Manson, S. M., Vinh, D. T., Tolan, N. T., Anh, B. & Pho, T. N. (1982). Development and validation of a Vietnamese-language depression rating scale. American Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 1276-1281.
32. Kovacs, M. (1980/81). Rating scales to assess depression in school-aged children. Acta Paedopsychiatry, 46, 305-315.
33. Krishnan, A. & Berry, J. W. (1992). Acculturative stress and acculturation attitudes among Indian immigrants to the United States. Psychology and Developing Societies, 4, 187-212.
34. Lee, E. (1988). Cultural factors in working with Southeast Asian refugee adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 11, 167-179.
35. Liebkind, K. (1996). Acculturation and stress: Vietnamese refugees in Finland. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, 27, 161-180.
36. Meertens, R. W. & Pettigrew, T. F. (1997). Is subtle prejudice really prejudice? Public Opinion Quarterly, 61, 54-71.
37. Mirsky, J. (1997). Psychological distress among immigrant adolescents: Culture-specific factors in the case of immigrants from the former Soviet Union. International Journal of Psychology, 32, 221-230.
38. Mollica, R. F., Wyshak, G., deMarnefe, D., Khuon, F. & Lavelle, J. (1987). Indochinese versions of the Hopkins symptom checklist-25: A screening instrument for the psychiatric care of refugees. American Journal of Psychiatry, 44, 496-500.
39. Noels, K. A., Pon, G. & Clement, R. (1996). Language, identity, and adjustment. The role of linguistic self-confidence in acculturation process. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 15, 246-264.
40. Pernice, R. & Brook, J. (1996). Refugees' and immigrants' mental health: Association of demographic and post-immigration factors. The Journal of Social Psychology, 136, 511-519.
41. Pettigrew, T. F. (1997). Generalized intergroup contact effects on prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 173-185.
42. Phinney, J. S. (1990). Ethnic identity in adolescents and adults: A review of research. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 499-514.
43. Phinney, J. S. (1991). Ethnic identity and self-esteem: Review and integration of literature. Hispanic Journal of Behavioural Sciences, 13, 193-203.
44. Phinney, J. S. (1992). The multigroup ethnic identity measure. A new scale for use with adolescents and youth adults from diverse groups. Journal of Adolescent Research, 7, 156-176.
45. Phinney, J. S., Cantu, C. L. & Kurtz, D. A. (1997). Ethnic and African identity as predictors of self-esteem among African American, Latino and White adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 26, 165-195.
46. Phinney, J. S. & Devich-Navarro, M. (1997). Variations in bicultural identification among African American and Mexican American adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 7, 3-32.
47. Phinney, J. S., Horenczyk, G., Liebkind, K. & Vedder, P. (2001). Ethnic identity, immigration, and well-being: An international perspective. Journal of Social Issues, 57, 493-510.
48. Phinney, J. S., Madden, T. & Santos, L. J. (1998). Psychological variables as predictors of perceived ethnic discrimination among minority and immigrant adolescents. Journal of Social Psychology, 28, 937-953.
49. Pillay, A. L., du-Plessis, W. F., Vawda, V-B. M. & Pollock, L. R. (1994). Demographic and readmission data in a therapeutic community for black psychiatric patients in South Africa. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 28, 684-688.
50. Reynolds, C. R. & Richmond, B. O. (1985). Revised children's manifest anxiety scale: Manual. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
51. Robinson, J. P., Shaver, P. R. & Wrightsman, L. S. (Eds.) (1991). Measures of personality and social psychology attitudes (1). San Diego: Academic Press.
52. Rogler, L. H., Cortes, D. E. & Malgady, R. G. (1991). Acculturation and mental health status among Hispanics: Convergence and new directions for research. American Psychologist, 46, 585-597.
53. Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
54. Rosenberg, M. (1986). Conceiving the self. Melbourne: Krieger.
55. Rosenthal, D., Ramieri, N. & Klimidis, S. (1996). Vietnamese adolescents in Australia: Relationships between perceptions of self and parental values, intergenerational conflict, and gender dissatisfaction. International Journal of Psychology, 31, 81-91.
56. Sam, D. L. (1994). The psychological adjustment of young immigrants in Norway. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 35, 240-253.
57. Sam, D. L. (1998). Predicting life satisfaction among adolescents from immigrant families in Norway. Ethnicity and Health, 3, 5-18.
58. Sam, D. L. (2000). The psychological adaptation of adolescents with immigrant background. Journal of Social Psychology, 140, 5-25.
59. Sam, D. L. (2001). Satisfaction with life among international students: An exploratory study. Social Indicators Research, 53, 315-337.
60. Sam, D. L. & Berry, J. W. (1995). Acculturative stress among young immigrants in Norway. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 36, 10-24.
61. Sam, D. L. & Virta, E. (2001). Social group identity and its effect on the self-esteem of adolescents with immigrant background in Norway and Sweden. In R. G. Craven & H. W. Marsh (Eds.), Self-concept theory, research and practice: Advances for the new millennium (pp. 366-378). Sydney: Self Research Center, University of Western Sydney.
62. Sam, D. L., Virta, E., Berry, J. W. & Kyunghwa, K. (2002). Individual differences in perceived discrimination. Paper presented at the 24th International Congress of Applied Psychology. Singapore, July 7-12.
63. Sanchez, J. & Fernandez, D. M. (1993). Acculturative stress among Hispanics: A bidimensional model of ethnic identity. Journal of Applied Social psychology, 23, 654-658.
64. Shin, D. & Johnson, D. (1978). Avowed happiness as an overall assessment of quality of life. Social Indicators Research, 5, 474-492.
65. Stein, B. N. (1986). The experience of being a refugee. Insights from the research literature. In C. L. Williams & J. Westermeyer (Eds.), Refugee mental health in resettlement countries (pp. 5-23). Washington, DC: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation.
66. van de Vijver, F., Liebkind, M. & Vedder, P. (2000). Methodological aspects and evaluation of framework of the International comparative Study of Ethnocultural Youth (ICSEY). Paper presented at the 15th International congress of the International Association For Cross-cultural Psychology. Pultulsk, Poland. July 16-21.
67. Vedder, P. (2001). International comparative study of ethnocultural youth. The cultural context. Leiden: Center for the Study of Education and Instructions, University of Leiden, The Netherlands.
68. Vega, W., Khoury, E., Zimmerman, R., Gil, A. & Warheit, G. (1995). Cultural conflicts and problem behaviors of Latino adolescents in home and school environments, Journal of Community Psychology, 23, 167-179.
69. Virta, E. & Westin, C. (1999). Psychosocial adjustment of adolescents with immigrant background in Sweden. Occasional Papers, No. 2. Stockholm: Centre for Research on International Migration and Ethnic Relations, Stockholm University.
70. Ward, C. (2001). The ABCs of acculturation. In D. Matsumoto (Ed.), Handbook of culture and psychology (pp. 411-445). New York: Oxford University Press.
71. Wentzel, K. R. & Feldman, S. S. (1996). Relations of cohesion and power in family dyads to social and emotional adjustment during early adolescence. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 6 (2), 225-244.
72. Westin, C. (1999). The context of immigration to Sweden: A brief survey. Unpublished working document for the ICSEY project. Stockholm: Centre for Research on International Migration and Ethnic Relations, Stockholm University.
73. Zhou, M. (1997). Growing up American: The challenge confronting immigrant children and children of immigrants. Annual Review of Sociology, 23, 63-95.