Iraq: Setbacks, advances, prospects

Journal of Democracy

Volumn 15, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 5-20

  Dawisha, Adeed ^a  

^a MIAMI UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 1142277653     PISSN: 10455736     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jod.2004.0005     Document Type: Review

References (41)

1. New York Times, 26 September 2003.
2. Al-Sharq al-Awsat (London), 14 August 2003.
3. Even a committed supporter such as female IGC member Raja al-Khuzai was moved to declare in a press conference in Madrid that there was "widespread consternation in Iraq regarding the coalition forces, most of whom treat the Iraqi people harshly and with contempt." Al-Quds al-Arabi (London), 16 September 2003.
4. This analysis, done by the author, makes use of a variety of Arabic- and English-language media sources, and is confirmed by a similar analysis that the newspaper USA Today undertook of 558 attacks that took place between 17 August and 28 September 2003. See USA Today, 3 October 2003. Consider also the segment entitled "Basra Faces a Different Threat" on National Public Radio's program All Things Considered, broadcast of 13 October 2003, www.npr.org/rundowns/segment.php?wfId=1464598.
5. Al-Sharq al-Awsat, 18 November 2003.
6. See for example, al-Hayat (London), 18 August 2003; and al-Zaman (Baghdad), 4 August 2003. Other senior Shi'ite clerics, such as Taqei Mudarassi, Muhamed Bahr al-Uloom, Hussein al-Sadr, and Muhamed Hussein al-Hakim have echoed the same sentiments on many occasions.
7. See for example, al-Hayat (London), 18 August 2003; and al-Zaman (Baghdad), 4 August 2003. Other senior Shi'ite clerics, such as Taqei Mudarassi, Muhamed Bahr al-Uloom, Hussein al-Sadr, and Muhamed Hussein al-Hakim have echoed the same sentiments on many occasions.
8. Al-Quds al-Arabi, 15 October 2003.
9. Al-Hayat, 20 September 2003; al-Hayat, 7 September 2003; al-Quds al-Arabi, 15 October 2003; al-Zaman, 2 and 6-7 November 2003.
10. Al-Hayat, 20 September 2003; al-Hayat, 7 September 2003; al-Quds al-Arabi, 15 October 2003; al-Zaman, 2 and 6-7 November 2003.
11. Al-Hayat, 20 September 2003; al-Hayat, 7 September 2003; al-Quds al-Arabi, 15 October 2003; al-Zaman, 2 and 6-7 November 2003.
12. Al-Hayat, 20 September 2003; al-Hayat, 7 September 2003; al-Quds al-Arabi, 15 October 2003; al-Zaman, 2 and 6-7 November 2003.
13. Al-Zaman, 6 August 2003; see also al-Hayat, 2 August 2003.
14. Al-Zaman, 6 August 2003; see also al-Hayat, 2 August 2003.
15. Al-Hayat, 26 September 2003.
16. See for example, al-Hayat, 3 August 2003; al-Sharq al-Awsat, 14 August 2003; al-Hayat, 16 September 2003; al-Zaman, 11 October 2003; al-Sharq al-Awsat, 18 October 2003.
17. See for example, al-Hayat, 3 August 2003; al-Sharq al-Awsat, 14 August 2003; al-Hayat, 16 September 2003; al-Zaman, 11 October 2003; al-Sharq al-Awsat, 18 October 2003.
18. See for example, al-Hayat, 3 August 2003; al-Sharq al-Awsat, 14 August 2003; al-Hayat, 16 September 2003; al-Zaman, 11 October 2003; al-Sharq al-Awsat, 18 October 2003.
19. See for example, al-Hayat, 3 August 2003; al-Sharq al-Awsat, 14 August 2003; al-Hayat, 16 September 2003; al-Zaman, 11 October 2003; al-Sharq al-Awsat, 18 October 2003.
20. See for example, al-Hayat, 3 August 2003; al-Sharq al-Awsat, 14 August 2003; al-Hayat, 16 September 2003; al-Zaman, 11 October 2003; al-Sharq al-Awsat, 18 October 2003.
21. Thomas L. Friedman, "The Least-Bad Option," New York Times, 12 October 2003.
22. Al-Wifaq (London), 7 September 2003.
23. Al-Hayat, 24 July 2003; al-Quds al-Arabi, 7 August 2003; al-Zaman, 7 August 2003.
24. Al-Hayat, 24 July 2003; al-Quds al-Arabi, 7 August 2003; al-Zaman, 7 August 2003.
25. Al-Hayat, 24 July 2003; al-Quds al-Arabi, 7 August 2003; al-Zaman, 7 August 2003.
26. This section draws on Adeed and Karen Dawisha, "How to Build a Democratic Iraq," Foreign Affairs 82 (May-June 2003): 36-50; and Adeed and Karen Dawisha, "Hope for Iraq," Prospect 89 (August 2003): 18-23.
27. This section draws on Adeed and Karen Dawisha, "How to Build a Democratic Iraq," Foreign Affairs 82 (May-June 2003): 36-50; and Adeed and Karen Dawisha, "Hope for Iraq," Prospect 89 (August 2003): 18-23.
28. United Nations/World Bank, "Joint Iraq Needs Assessment," October 2003, 4, 18, 59.
29. Al-Quds al-Arabi, 12 September 2003.
30. Al-Sharq al-Awsat, 1 October 2003.
31. Al-Hayat, 14 June 2003; al-Quds al-Arabi, 3 August 2003; al-Hayat, 4 August 2003.
32. Al-Hayat, 14 June 2003; al-Quds al-Arabi, 3 August 2003; al-Hayat, 4 August 2003.
33. Al-Hayat, 14 June 2003; al-Quds al-Arabi, 3 August 2003; al-Hayat, 4 August 2003.
34. Al-Wifaq, 9 September 2003; Washington Times, 5 October 2003.
35. Al-Wifaq, 9 September 2003; Washington Times, 5 October 2003.
36. Al-Quds al-Arabi, 7 August 2003; al-Sharq al-Awsat, 24 October 2003.
37. Al-Quds al-Arabi, 7 August 2003; al-Sharq al-Awsat, 24 October 2003.
38. Al-Zaman, 17 September 2003.
39. Poll findings were reported in Al-Wifaq, 12 and 25 September 2003; New York Times, 24 September 2003; and Washington Times, 5 October 2003.
40. Poll findings were reported in Al-Wifaq, 12 and 25 September 2003; New York Times, 24 September 2003; and Washington Times, 5 October 2003.
41. Poll findings were reported in Al-Wifaq, 12 and 25 September 2003; New York Times, 24 September 2003; and Washington Times, 5 October 2003.