A study of seasonal variations of gravity wave intensity in the lower thermosphere using LF D1 wind observations and a numerical model

Annales Geophysicae

Volumn 22, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 35-45

  Gavrilov, N M ^a   Jacobi, Ch ^b  

^a ST PETERSBURG STATE UNIVERSITY   (Russian Federation)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LEIPZIG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Ionosphere (ionospheric irregularities); Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (middle atmosphere dynamics; waves and tides)

Indexed keywords

GRAVITY WAVE; NUMERICAL MODEL; SEASONAL VARIATION; THERMOSPHERE;

EID: 1142269653     PISSN: 09927689     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Alexander, M. J.: A simulated spectrum of convectively generated gravity waves; Propagation from the tropopause to the mesosphere and effects on the middle atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 1571-1588, 1996.
2. Chunchuzov, I. P.: On a possible generation mechanism for nonstationary mountain waves in the atmosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 2196-2206, 1994.
3. Dieminger, W.: Bewegungsvorgänge in der lonosphäre. Ber. Dtsch. Wetterdienst 35, 224-227, 1952.
4. Drobyazko, I. N. and Krasilnikov, V. N.: Acoustic-gravity wave generation by atmospheric turbulence. Radiophysics, Izvestia of VUZ of USSR, 28, 1357-1365, 1985.
5. Fritts, D. C.: Shear excitation of atmospheric gravity waves, 2. Nonlinear radiation from a free shear layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 524-537, 1984.
6. Fritts, D. C. and Lu, W.: Spectral estimates of gravity wave energy and momentum fluxes. Part 2: Parameterization of wave forcing and variability, J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 3695-3713, 1993.
7. Fritts, D. C. and Nastrom, G. D.: Sources of mesoscale variability of gravity waves, Part 2: Frontal, convective and jet stream excitation. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 111-127, 1992.
8. Fukao, S., Yamanaka, M. D., Ao, N., Hocking, W. K., Sato, T., Yamamoto, M., Nakamura, T., Tsuda, T., and Kato, S.: Seasonal variability of vertical eddy diffusivity in the middle atmosphere, I, Three-year observations by the middle and upper atmosphere radar. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 18 973-18 988, 1994.
9. Gardner, C. S., Tao, X., and Papen, G. C.: Simultaneous lidar observations of vertical wind, Temperature and density profiles in the upper mesosphere: Evidence for nonseparability of Atmospheric perturbation spectra. Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 2877-2880, 1995
10. Gardner, C. S.: Testing theories of atmospheric gravity wave saturation and dissipation, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 58, 1575-1589, 1996.
11. Gavrilov, N. M.: Parameterization of accelerations and heat flux divergences produced by internal gravity waves in the middle atmosphere, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 52, 707-713, 1990.
12. Gavrilov, N. M., Manson, A. H., and Meek, C. E.: Climatological monthly characteristics of middle atmosphere gravity waves (100 min ∼ 10hr) during 1979-1993 at Saskatoon. Ann. Geophysicae, 13, 285-295, 1995.
13. Gavrilov, N. M., Jacobi, Ch., and Kürschner, D.: Climatology of ionospheric perturbations at Collm, Germany, Adv. Space Res., 27, 1779-1784, 2001.
14. Gavrilov, N. M. and Fukao, S.: A comparison of seasonal variations of gravity wave intensity observed with the middle and upper atmosphere radar with a theoretical model. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 3485-3494, 1999.
15. Gavrilov, N. M. and Yudin, V. A.: Model for coefficients of turbulence and effective Prandtl number produced by breaking gravity waves in the upper atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 7619-7624, 1992.
16. Gavrilov, N. M. and Fukao, S.: Hydrodynamic tropospheric wave sources and their role in gravity wave climatology of the upper atmosphere from the MU radar observations, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 63, 931-943, 2001.
17. Hall, C. M., Manson, A. H., and Meek, C. E.: Seasonal variation of the turbopause: One year of turbulence investigation at 69° N by the joint University of Tromso/ University of Saskatchewan MF radar. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 28 769-28 773, 1998.
18. Hall, C. M., Hoppe, U. P., Blix, T. A., Thrane, E. V., Manson, A. H., and Meek, C. E.: Seasonal variation of turbulent energy dissipation rates in the polar mesosphere: a comparison of methods, Earth Planets Space, 51, 515-524, 1999.
19. Hamilton, K.: A study of the occurrence of dynamically unstable conditions in the middle atmosphere, Canad. J. Phys., 62, 963-967, 1984.
20. Hedin, A. E.: Neutral atmosphere empirical model from the surface to lower exosphere MSISE-90, Extension of the MSIS thermosphere model into the middle and lower atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 1159-1172, 1991.
21. Hedin, A. E., Fleming, E. L., Manson, A. H., Schmindlin, F. J., Avery, S. K., Clark, R. R., Franke, S. J., Fraser, G. J., Tsuda, T., Vial, F., and Vincent, R. A.: Empirical model for the upper, middle and lower atmosphere, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 58, 1421-1447, 1996.
22. Hoffmann, P., Singer, W., Keuer, D., Schminder, R., and Kürschner, D.: Partial reflection drift measurements in the lower ionosphere over Juliusruh during winter and spring 1989 and comparison with other wind observations, Z. Meteorol, 40, 405-412, 1990.
23. Holton, J. R.: The influence of gravity wave breaking on the general circultaion of the middle atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 2497-2507, 1983.
24. Jacobi, Ch., Schminder, R., Kürschner, D., Bremer, J., Greisiger, K. M., Hoffmann, P., and Singer, W.: Long-term trends in the mesopause wind field obtained from LF D1 wind measurements at Collm, Germany, Adv. Space Res., 20, 2085-2088, 1997a.
25. Jacobi, Ch., Schminder, R., and Kürschner, D.: Measurements of mesopause region winds over Central Europe from 1983 through 1995 at Collm Germany, Beitr. Phys. Atmos., 70(3), 189-200, 1997b.
26. Jones, I. L.: The height variations of drift in the E-region, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 12, 68-76, 1958.
27. Kürschner, D., Schminder, R., Singer, W., and Bremer, J.: Ein neues Verfahren zur Realisierung absoluter Reflexionshöhenmessungen an Raumwellen amplitudenmodulierter Rundfunksender bei Schrägeinfall im Langwellenbereich als Hilfsmittel zur Ableitung von Windprofilen in der oberen Mesopausenregion, Z. Meteorol., 37, 322-332, 1987.
28. Kürschner, D.: Konzeption und Realisierung eines vollautomatischen Registriersystems zur Durchführung von nach der D1-Methode angelegten Routinebeobachtungen ionosphärischer Driftparameter am Observatorium Collm. Z. Meteorol., 25, 218-221, 1975.
29. Larsen, M. F.: Coqui 2: Mesospheric and lower thermospheric wind observations over Puerto Rico, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 445-448, 2000.
30. Lighthill, M. J.: On sound generated aerodynamically, 1. General theory. Proc. Roy. Soc. London, A211, 564-587, 1952.
31. Lighthill, M. J.: Waves in fluids, Cambridge Univ. Press. Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne, Sydney, 1978.
32. Lindzen, R. S.: Turbulence and stress owing to gravity wave and tidal breakdown, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 9707-9714, 1981.
33. Lindzen, R. S.: Gravity waves in the mesosphere, Dynam. Middle Atmos., Dordrecht press, Tokyo, 3-18, 1984.
34. Lübken, F. J.: Seasonal variation of turbulent energy dissipation rates at high latitudes as determined by in situ measurements of neutral density fluctuations, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 13 441-13 456, 1997.
35. Manzini, E. and Hamilton, K.: Middle atmospheric traveling waves forced by latent and convective heating, J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 2180-2200, 1993.
36. Matsuno, T.: A quasi-one-dimensional model of the middle atmosphere circulation interacting with internal gravity waves, J. Met. Soc. Japan, 60, 215-226, 1982.
37. McLandress, C. and McFarlane, N. A.: Interactions between orographic gravity wave drag and forced stationary planetary waves in the winter northern hemisphere middle atmosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 1966-1990, 1993.
38. Monin, A. S. and Yaglom, A. M.: Statistical Fluid Mechanics. 1. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1971.
39. Nakamura, T., Tsuda, T., Fukao, S., Manson, A. H., Meek, C. E. Vincent, R. A., and Reid, I. M.: Mesospheric gravity waves at Saskatoon (52° N), Kyoto (35° N), and Adelaide (35° S), J. Geophys. Res., 101, 7005-7012, 1996.
40. Nastrom, G. D. and Fritts, D. C.: Sources of mesoscale variability of gravity waves, Part I: Topographic excitation. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 101-110, 1992.
41. Pfister L., Scott, S., Loewenstein, M., Bowen, S., and Legg, M.: Mesoscale disturbances in the tropical stratosphere excited by convection, Observations and effects on the stratospheric momentum budget, J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 1058-1075, 1993.
42. Rozenfeld, S. H.: On the damping of internal gravity waves in the atmosphere due to generation of secondary harmonics, Atmosph. Oceanic Phys., Izvestia of USSR Acad. Sci., 19, 1011-1019, 1983.
43. Schminder, R.: Ionosphärische Driftmessungen im E-Schichtniveau am Geophysikalischen Observatorium Collm - ein Beitrag zur Zirkulation der Hochatmosphäre Veröffentlichungen des Geophysikalischen Instituts der Karl-Marx-Universität Leipzig. Ser. 2, 18(2), 79-275, 1964.
44. Schminder, R. and Kürschner, D.: Permanent monitoring of the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere wind fields (prevailing and semidiurnal tidal components) obtained from LF DI measurements in 1991 at the Collm Geophysical Observatory. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 56, 1263-1269, 1994.
45. Singer, W.: Bestimmung von Elektronenkonzentrationsprofilen der Mesosphäre und unteren Thermosphare aus Grundlage von Funkwellenausbreitungsdaten. Doctorate Thesis, Berlin, 130 pp., 1975.
46. Smith, S. A., Fritts, D. C., and Van Zandt, T. E.: Evidence of a saturation spectrum of atmospheric gravity waves, J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 1404-1410, 1987.
47. Sprenger, K.: Ionosphärendriftmessungen im Langwellenbereich als Beitrag zum Problem der allgemeinen Zirkulation der Hochatmosphäre, Z. Meteorologie, 12, 211-218, 1958.
48. Sprenger, K. and Schminder, R.: On some relationships between correlation analysis and similar-fade analysis results of drift measurements in the lower ionosphere, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys, 31, 1085-1098, 1969.
49. Sprenger, K., Schminder, R., Greisiger, K. M., Kürschner, D., and Schäning, B.: Die Windsysteme in der oberen Mesopausenregion mittlerer Breiten nach Ionosphärendriftmessungen im Langwellenbereich. Heinrich-Hertz-Institut. AdW, Berlin, HHI Report 2, 323 pp., 1974.
50. Stein, R. S.: Generation of acoustic and gravity waves by turbulence in an isothermal stratified atmosphere. Solar Phys., 2, 285-432, 1967.
51. Townsend, A. A.: Excitation of internal waves by a turbulent boundary layer, J. Fluid Mech., 22, 241-252, 1965.
52. Tsuda, T., Murayama, Y., Yamamoto, M., Kato, S., and Fukao, S.: Seasonal variations of momentum flux in the mesosphere observed with the MV radar, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 725-728, 1990.
53. Van Zandt, T. E.: A universal spectrum of buoyancy waves in the atmosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 9, 575-578, 1982.