Impact of bentonite quality on hydraulic conductivity of geosynthetic clay liners

Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering

Volumn 131, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 64-77

  Lee, Jae Myung ^a   Shackelford, Charles D ^a  

^a Engineering Research Center and Hydraulics Laboratory   (United States)

Author keywords

Bentonite; Clay liners; Geosynthetics; Hydraulic conductivity

Indexed keywords

BENTONITE; EFFLUENTS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; MECHANICAL PERMEABILITY; PLASTICITY;

CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM; GEOSYNTHETIC CLAY LINERS (GCL); PERMEANT LIQUIDS;

GEOSYNTHETIC MATERIALS;

BENTONITE; CLAY LINER; GEOSYNTHETICS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY;

EID: 11344288922     PISSN: 10900241     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2005)131:1(64)     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Abichou, T., Benson, C. H., and Edil, T. B. (2002). "Micro-structure and hydraulic conductivity of simulated sand-bentonite mixtures." Clays Clay Miner. 50(5), 537-545.
2. Alther, G., Evans, J. C., Fang, H.-Y., and Witmer, K. (1985). "Influence of inorganic permeants upon the permeability of bentonite." Hydraulic barriers in soil and rock, A. I. Johnson, R. K. Frobel, N. J. Cavalli, and C. B. Pettersson, eds., ASTM STP 874, West Conshohocken, Pa., 64-73.
3. Ashmawy, A. K., El-Hajji, D., Sotelo, N., and Muhammad, N. (2002). "Hydraulic performance of untreated and polymer-treated bentonite in inorganic landfill leachates." Clays Clay Miner., 50(5), 546-552.
4. Daniel, D. E. (1994). State-of-art: Laboratory hydraulic conductivity tests for saturated soils. Hydraulic conductivity and waste contaminant transport in soil, D. E. Daniel and S. J. Trautwein, eds., ASTM STP 1142, West Conshohocken, Pa. 30-78.
5. Daniel, D. E. (2000). "Hydraulic durability of geosynthetic clay liners." Proc., GRI-14 Conf. on Hot Topics in Geosynthetics-I, R. M. Koerner, G. R. Koerner, Y. G. Hsuan, and M. V. Ashley, eds., GII Publications, Folsom, Pa., 116-135.
6. Daniel, D. E., Bowders, J. J., Jr., and Gilbert, R. B. (1997). "Laboratory hydraulic conductivity testing of GCLs in flexible-wall permeameters." Testing and acceptance criteria for geosynthetic clay liners, L. W. Well, ed., ASTM STP 1308, West Conshohocken, Pa., 208-226.
7. Daniel, D. E., Shan, H.-Y., and Anderson, J. D. (1993). "Effects of partial wetting on the performance of the bentonite component of a geosynthetic clay liner." Proc., Geosynthetics '93, Vol. 3, Industrial Fabrics Association International, St. Paul, Minn. 1483-1496.
8. Didier, G., and Comeaga, L. (1997). "Influence of initial hydration conditions on GCL leachate permeability." Testing and acceptance criteria for geosynthetic clay liners, L. W. Well, ed., ASTM STP 1308, West Conshohocken, Pa., 181-195.
9. Egloffstein, T. (2001). "Natural bentonites-influence of the ion exchange and partial desiccation on permeability and self-healing capacity of bentonites used in GCLs." Geotext. Geomembr., 19(7), 427-444.
10. Gleason, M. H., Daniel, D. E., and Eykholt, G. R. (1997). "Calcium and sodium bentonite for hydraulic containment applications." J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 123(5), 438-445.
11. Grim, R. E. (1953). Clay mineralogy, McGraw-Hill, New York.
12. Haug, M. D., and Boldt-Leppin, B. (1994). "Influence of polymers on the hydraulic conductivity of marginal quality bentonite-sand mixtures." Hydraulic conductivity and waste contaminant transport in soil, D. E. Daniel and S. J. Trautwein, eds., ASTM STP 1142, West Conshohocken, Pa., 407-421.
13. Imamura, S., Sueoka, T., and Kamon, M. (1996). "Long term stability of bentonite/sand mixtures at L.L.R.W. storage." Environmental geotechnics, Vol. 1, M. Kamon, ed., A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 545-550.
14. James, A. N., Fullerton, D., and Drake, R. (1997). "Field performance of GCL under ion exchange conditions." J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 123(10), 897-901.
15. Jo, H. Y., Katsumi, T., Benson, C. H., and Edil, T. B. (2001). "Hydraulic conductivity and swelling of nonprehydrated GCLs permeated with single-species salt solutions." J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 127(7), 557-567.
16. Kolstad, D. C. (2000). "Compatibility of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) with multi-species inorganic solutions." MS thesis, Univ. of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wis.
17. Lin, L.-C., and Benson, C. H. (2000). "Effect of wet-dry cycling on swelling and hydraulic conductivity of GCLs." J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 126(1), 40-49.
18. Melchior, S. (2002). "Field studies and excavations of geosynthetic clay barriers in landfill covers." Proc., GCL Conf., Clay Geosynthetic Barriers, H. Zanzinger, R. M. Koerner, and E. Gartung, eds., A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 321-330.
19. Mesri, G., and Olson, R. E. (1971). "Mechanisms controlling the permeability of clays." Clays Clay Miner., 19(3), 151-158.
20. Mitchell, J. K. (1993). Fundamentals of soil behavior, 2nd Ed., Wiley, New York.
21. Petrov, R. J., and Rowe, R. K. (1997). "Geosynthetic clay liner (GCL)- chemical compatibility by hydraulic conductivity testing and factors impacting its performance." Can. Geotech. J., 34(6), 863-885.
22. Petrov, R. J., Rowe, R. K., and Quigley, R. M. (1997a). "Comparison of laboratory-measured GCL hydraulic conductivity based on three permeameter types." Geotech. Test. J., 20(1), 49-62.
23. Petrov, R. J., Rowe, R. K., and Quigley, R. M. (1997b). "Selected factors influencing GCL hydraulic conductivity." J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 123(g), 683-695.
24. Quaranta, J. D., Gabr, M. A., and Bowders, J. J., Jr. (1997). "First-exposure performance of the bentonite component of a GCL in a low-pH, calcium-enriched environment." Testing and acceptance criteria for geosynthetic clay liners, L. W. Well, ed., ASTM STP 1308, West Conshohocken, Pa., 162-180.
25. Ruhl, J. L., and Daniel, D. E. (1997). "Geosynthetic clay liners permeated with chemical solutions and leachates." J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 123(4), 369-381.
26. Shackelford, C. D. (1994). "Waste-soil interactions that alter hydraulic conductivity." Hydraulic conductivity and waste contaminant transport in soil, D. E. Daniel, and S. J. Trautwein, eds., ASTM STP 1142, West Conshohocken, Pa., 111-168.
27. Shackelford, C. D., and Redmond, P. L. (1995). "Solute breakthrough curves for processed kaolin at low flow rates" J. Geotech. Eng., 121(1), 17-32.
28. Shackelford, C. D., Benson, C. H., Katsumi, T., Edil, T. B., and Lin, L. (2000). "Evaluation of the hydraulic conductivity of GCLs permeated with non-standard liquids." Geotext. Geomembr., 18(2-4), 133-161.
29. Shackelford, C. D., Malusis, M. A., Majeski, M. J., and Stem, R. T. (1999). "Electrical conductivity breakthrough curves." J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 125(4), 260-270.
30. Shan, H.-Y., and Daniel, D. E. (1991). "Results of laboratory tests on a geotextile/bentonite liner material." Proc., Geosynthetics '91, Vol. 2, Industrial Fabrics Association International, St. Paul, Minn., 517-535.
31. Shan, H.-Y., and Lai, Y-J. (2002). "Effect of hydrating liquid on the hydraulic properties of geosynthetic clay liners." Geotext. Geomembr., 20(1), 19-38.
32. Stern, R. T., and Shackelford, C. D. (1998). "Permeation of sand-processed clay mixtures with calcium chloride solutions." J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 124(3), 231-241.
33. van Olphen, H. (1977). An introduction to clay colloid chemistry, 2nd Ed., J Wiley, New York.
34. Vasko, S. M., Jo, H. Y., Benson, C. H., Edil, T. B., and Katsumi, T. (2001). "Hydraulic conductivity of partially prehydrated geosynthetic clay liners permeated with aqueous calcium chloride solutions." Proc., Geosynthetics '01, St. Paul, Minn., 685-699.