Lipoxygenases in plants - Their role in development and stress response

Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung - Section C Journal of Biosciences

Volumn 51, Issue 3-4, 1996, Pages

  Rosahl, Sabine ^a  

^a LEIBNIZ INSTITUTE OF PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Jasmonic Acid; Oxylipins; Pathogen; Wounding

Indexed keywords

EID: 11344286786     PISSN: 09395075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (139)

1. - generation during a bacterially induced hypersensitive reaction in tobacco: deterioration of membrane lipids. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 34, 13-26.
2. Altschuler M., Grayburn W.S., Collins G.B., Hildebrand D.F. (1989), Developmental expression of lipoxygenases in soybeans. Plant Sci. 63, 151-158.
3. Anderson J.M., Spilatro S.R., Klauer S.F., Franceschi V.R. (1989), Jasmonic acid dependent increase in the level of vegetative storage proteins in soybean. Plant Sci. 62, 45-52.
4. Andre E., Hou K.-W. (1932), The presence of a lipoid oxidase in soybean. Glycine soya, Lieb. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 194, 645-647.
5. Apostol I., Heinstein P.F., Low P.S. (1989), Rapid stimulation of an oxidative burst during elicitation of cultured plant cells. Role in defense and signal transduction. Plant Physiol. 90, 109-116.
6. Atkinson M.M. (1993), Molecular mechanisms of pathogen recognition by plants. Adv. Plant Pathol. 10, 35-64.
7. Axelrod B., Cheesbrough T.M., Laakso S. (1981), Lipoxygenase from soybeans. Meth. Enzymol. 71, 441-451.
8. Baker C.J., Orlandi E.W., Mock N.M. (1993), Hairpin, an elicitor of the hypersensitive response in tobacco caused by Erwinia amylovora, elicits active oxygen production in suspension cells. Plant Physiol. 102, 1341-1344.
9. Batutis E.J., Ewing E.E. (1982), Far-red reversal of red light effect during long-night induction of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuberization. Plant Physiol. 69, 672-674.
10. Bell E., Mullet J.E. (1991), Lipoxygenase gene expression is modulated in plants by water deficit, wounding, and methyl jasmonate. Mol. Gen. Genet. 230, 456-462.
11. Beneytout J.-L., Najid A., Tixier M. (1988), Changes in lipoxygenase activity during seedling development of Lupinus albus. Plant Sci. 58, 35-41.
12. Blée E., Schuber F. (1990), Efficient epoxidation of unsaturated fatty acids by a hydroperoxide-dependent oxygenase. J. Biol. Chem. 265, 12887-12894.
13. Blée E., Schuber F. (1992), Occurrence of fatty acid epoxide hydrolases in soybean (Glycine max): purification and characterization of the soluble form. Biochem. J. 282, 711-714.
14. Bloch C.B., De Wit P.J.G.M., Kuć J. (1984), Elicitation of phytoalexins by arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acids: a host survey. Physiol. Plant Pathol. 25, 199-208.
15. Bostock R.M., Kuć J.A., Laine R.A. (1981), Eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic acids from Phytophthora infestans elicit fungitoxic sesquiterpenes in the potato. Science 212, 67-69.
16. Bostock R.M., Schaef'fer D.A., Hammerschmidt R. (1986), Comparison of elicitor activities of arachidonic acid, fatty acids and glucans from Phytophthora infestans in hypersensitivity expression in potato tuber. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 29, 349-360.
17. Bostock R.M., Yamamoto H., Choi D., Ricker K.E., Ward B.L. (1992), Rapid stimulation of 5-lipoxygenase activity in potato by the fungal elicitor arachidonic acid. Plant Physiol. 100, 1448-1456.
18. Boyington J.C., Gaffney B.J., Amzel L.M. (1993), The three-dimensional structure of an arachidonic acid 15-lipoxygenase. Science 260, 1482-1486.
19. Bryan I.B., Rathmell W.G., Friend J. (1985), The role of lipid and non-lipid components of Phytophthora infestans in the elicitation of the hypersensitive response in potato tuber tissue. Physiol. Plant Pathol. 26, 331-341.
20. Castoria R., Fanelli C. Fabbri A.A., Passi S. (1992), Metabolism of arachidonic acid involved in its eliciting activity in potato tuber. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 41, 127-137.
21. Chapman H.W. (1958), Tuberization in the potato plant. Physiol. Plant. 11, 215-224.
22. Choi D., Bostock R.M., Avdiushko S., Hildebrand D.F. (1994), Lipid-derived signals that discriminate wound- and pathogen-responsive isoprenoid pathways in plants: methyl jasmonate and the fungal elicitor arachidonic acid induce different 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase genes and antimicrobial isoprenoids in Solanum tuberosum L. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 2329-2333.
23. Cohen Y., Gisi U. Niderman T. (1993), Local and systemic protection against Phytophthora infestans induced in potato and tomato plants by jasmonic acid and jasmonic methyl ester. Phytopathol. 83, 1054-1062.
24. Creelman R.A., Bell E., McConn M.M., Browse J.A., Mullet J.E. (1995), Jasmonic acid levels and wound gene expression in linolenic acid deficient and LOX cosuppressed Arabidopsis. 15th Internatl. Conf. Plant Growth Subst. Minneapolis USA. 264.
25. Croft K.P.C. Voisey C.R., Slusarenko A.J. (1990), Mechanism of hypersensitive cell collapse: correlation of increased lipoxygenase activity with membrane damage in leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris (L.) inoculated with an avirulent race of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 36, 49-62.
26. Croft K.P.C., Jüttner F., Slusarenko A.J. (1993), Volatile products of the lipoxygenase pathway evolved from Phaseolus vulgaris (L.) leaves inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae pv phaseolicola. Plant Physiol. 101, 13-24.
27. Després C., Subramaniam R., Matton D.P., Brisson N. (1995), The activation of the potato PR-10a gene requires the phosphorylation of the nuclear factor PBF-1. Plant Cell 7, 589-598.
28. Dittrich H., Kutchan T.M., Zenk M.H. (1992), The jasmonate precursor, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, induces phytoalexin synthesis in Petroselinum crispum cell cultures. FEBS Lett. 309, 33-36.
29. Doares S.H., Syrovets T., Weiler E.W., Ryan C.A. (1995), Oligogalacturonides and chitosan activate plant defensive genes through the octadecanoid pathway. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 4095-4098.
30. Doehlert D.C., Wicklow D.T., Gardner H.W. (1993), Evidence implicating the lipoxygenase pathway in providing resistance to soybeans against Aspergillus flavus. Phytopathol. 83, 1473-1477.
31. Doke N. (1983), Involvement of superoxide anion generation in the hypersensitive response of potato tuber tissues to infection with an incompatible race of Phytophthora infestans and to the hyphal wall components. Physiol. Plant Pathol. 23, 345-357.
32. - generating system in the induction of necrotic lesions on tobacco leaves infected with tobacco mosaic virus. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 32, 163-175.
33. Douillard R., Bergeron E. (1981), Chloroplastic localization of soluble lipoxygenase activity in young leaves. Plant Sci. Lett. 22, 263-268.
34. Droillard M.-J., Rouet-Mayer M.-A., Bureau J.-M., Laurière C. (1993), Membrane-associated and soluble lipoxygenase isoforms in tomato pericarp. Characterization and involvement in membrane alterations. Plant Physiol. 103, 1211-1219.
35. Ebel J., Scheel D. (1995), Signals in host-parasite interactions. In: The Mycota, (G.C. Carroll and P. Tudzinsky. eds.), Springer. Berlin, in press.
36. Eiben H.G., Slusarenko A.J. (1994), Complex spatial and temporal expression of lipoxygenase during Phaseolus vulgaris (L.) development. Plant J. 5, 123-135.
37. English J., Bonner J., Haagen-Smit A.J. (1939), Structure and synthesis of a plant wound hormone. Science 90, 329.
38. Ewing E.E. (1987), The role of hormones in potato (Solatium tuberosum L.) tuberization. In: Plant Hormones and their Role in Plant Growth and Development. (P.J. Davies, ed.), Martinus Nijhoff. Dordrecht. 515-538.
39. Farmer E.E., Ryan C.A. (1990), Interplant communication: airborne methyl jasmonate induces synthesis of proteinase inhibitors in plant leaves. Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA 87, 7713-7716.
40. Farmer E.E., Ryan C.A. (1992), Octadecanoid precursors of jasmonic acid activate the synthesis of wound-inducible proteinase inhibitors. Plant Cell 4, 129-134.
41. Farmer E.E., Johnson R.R., Ryan C.A. (1992), Regulation of expression of proteinase inhibitor genes by methyl jasmonate and jasmonic acid. Plant Physiol. 98, 995-1002.
42. Farmer E.E. (1994), Fatty acid signalling in plants and their associated microorganisms. Plant Mol. Biol. 26, 1423-1437.
43. Feussner I., Kindl H. (1992), A lipoxygenase is the main lipid body protein in cucumber and soybean cotyledons during the stage of triglyceride mobilization. FEBS Lett. 298, 223-225.
44. Feussner I., Kühn H. (1995), The lipid body lipoxygenase from cucumber seedlings exhibits unusual reaction specificity. FEBS Lett. 367, 12-14.
45. Feussner I., Hause B., Vörös K., Parthier B., Wasternack C. (1995), Jasmonate-induced lipoxygenase forms are localized in chloroplasts of barley leaves (Hordeum vulgare cv. Salome). Plant J. 7, 949-957.
46. Fidantsef A., Bostock R.M., Choi D. (1993), Temporal expression of HMG-CoA reductase genes and lipoxygenase in potato leaves in response to fungal infection, methyl jasmonate, or the elicitor arachidonic acid. Plant Physiol. Suppl. 102, 113.
47. Fournier J., Pouénat M.-L., Rickauer M., Rabinovitch-Chable H., Rigaud M., Esquerré-Tugayé M.-T. (1993), Purification and characterization of elicitor-induced lipoxygenase in tobacco cells. Plant J. 3, 63-70.
48. Gardner H.W. (1991), Recent investigations into the lipoxygenase pathway of plants. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1084, 221-239.
49. Geerts A., Feltkamp D., Rosahl S. (1994), Expression of lipoxygenase in wounded tubers of Solanum tuberosum L. Plant Physiol. 105, 269-277.
50. Gregory L.E. (1956), Some factors for tuberization in the potato plant. Am. J. Bot. 43, 281-288.
51. Grimes H.D., Koetje D.S., Franceschi V.R. (1992), Expression, activity, and cellular accumulation of methyl jasmonale-responsive lipoxvgenase in soybean seedlings. Plant Physiol. 100, 433-443.
52. Grimes H.D., Tranbarger T.J., Franceschi V.R. (1993), Expression and accumulation patterns of nitrogen-responsive lipoxygenase in soybeans. Plant Physiol. 103, 457-466.
53. Grossman S., Ben-Aziz A., Ascarelli I., Budowski P. (1972), Intracellular distribution of lipoxygenase-like activity of alfalfa leaves. Phytochem. 11, 509-514.
54. Gundlach H., Müller M.J., Kutchan T.M., Zenk M.H. (1992), Jasmonic acid is a signal transducer in elicitor-induced plant cell cultures. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 2389-2393.
55. Hamberg M., Hamberg G. (1990), Hydroperoxide-dependent epoxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in the broad bean (Vicia faba L.). Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 283, 409-416.
56. Hamberg M., Gardner H.W. (1992), Oxylipin pathway to jasmonates: biochemistry and biological significance. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1165, 1-18.
57. Hamberg M. (1993), Pathways in the biosynthesis of oxylipins in plants. J. Lipid Med. 6, 375-384.
58. Helder H., Miersch O., Vreugdenhil D., Sembdner G. (1993), Occurrence of hydroxylated jasmonic acids in leaflets of Solanum demissum plants grown under long- and short-day conditions. Physiol. Plant. 88, 647-653.
59. Hildebrand D.F. (1989), Lipoxygenases. Physiol. Plant. 76, 249-253.
60. Hildebrand D.E. Rodriguez J.G., Legg C.S., Brown G.C., Bookjans G. (1989), The effects of wounding and mite infestation on soybean leaf lipoxygenase levels. Z. Naturforsch. 44c, 655-659.
61. Jackson S.D., Willmitzer L. (1994), Jasmonic acid spraying does not induce tuherisation in short-day-requirine potato species kept in non-inducing conditions. Planta 194, 155-159.
62. Kanofsky J.R., Axelrod B. (1986), Singlet oxygen production by soybean lipoxygenase isozymes. J. Biol. Chem. 261, 1099-1104.
63. Kato T., Yamaguchi Y., Uyehara T., Yokoyama T., Namai T., Yamanaka S. (1983), Self defensive substances in rice plant against rice blast disease. Tetrahedron Lett. 24, 4715-4718.
64. Kato T., Yamaguchi Y., Abe N., Uyehara T., Namai T., Kodama M., Shiobara Y. (1985), Structure and synthesis of unsaturated trihydroxy C18 fatty acids in rice plant suffering from rice blast disease. Tetrahedron Lett. 26, 2357-2360.
65. Kato T., Ohta H., Tanaka K., Shihata D. (1992), Appearance of new lipoxygenases in soybean cotelydons after germination and evidence for expression of a major new lipoxygenase gene. Plant Physiol. 98, 324-330.
66. Keppler L.D., Novacky A. (1986), Involvement of membrane lipid peroxidation in the development of a bacterially induced hypersensitive reaction. Phytopathol. 76, 104-108.
67. Keppler L.D., Novacky A. (1987), The initiation of membrane lipid peroxidation during bacteria-induced hypersensitive reaction. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 30, 233-245.
68. Keppler L.D., Baker C.J., Atkinson M.M. (1989), Active oxygen production during a bacteria-induced hypersensitive reaction in tobacco suspension cells. Phytopathol. 79, 974-978.
69. Koch E., Meier B.M., Eiben H.-G., Slusarenko A. (1992), A lipoxygenase from leaves of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is induced in response to plant pathogenic pseudomonads. Plant Physiol. 99, 571-576.
70. Koda Y. Okazawa Y. (1988), Detection of potato tuber-inducing activity in potato leaves and old tubers. Plant Cell Physiol. 29, 969-974.
71. Koda Y., Orner E.-S.A., Yoshihara T., Shibata H., Sakamura S., Okazawa Y. (1988), Isolation of a specific potato tuber-inducing substance from potato leaves. Plant Cell Physiol. 29, 1047-1051.
72. Koda Y. Kikuta Y. Tazaki H., Tsujino Y., Sakamura S., Yoshihara T. (1991), Potato tuber-inducing activities of jasmonic acid and related compounds. Phytochem. 30, 1435-1438.
73. Kogel K.-H., Ortel B., Jarosch B., Atzorn R., Schiffer R., Wasternack C. (1995), Resistance in barley against the powdery mildew fungus (Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei) is not associated with enhanced levels of endogenous jasmonates. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 101, 319-332.
74. Kulkarni A.P., Mitra A., Chaudhuri J., Byczkowski J.Z., Richards I. (1990), Hydrogen peroxide: a potent activator of dioxygenase activity of soybean lipoxygenase. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 166, 417-423.
75. Legendre L., Rueter S., Heinstein P.F., Low P.S. (1993), Characterization of the oligogalacturonide-induced oxidative burst in cultured soybean (Glycine max) cells. Plant Physiol, 102, 233-240.
76. 2+ activity in control of senescence. Physiol. Plant. 69, 551-559.
77. 2 from the oxidative burst orchestrates the plant hypersensitive disease resistance response. Cell 79, 583-593.
78. Lia W., Hildebrand D.F., Grayburn W.S., Phillips G.C., Collins G.B. (1991), Effects of exogenous auxins on expression of lipoxygenases in cultured soybean emhrvos. Plant Physiol. 97, 969-976.
79. Longland A.C., Slusarenko A.J., Friend J. (1987), Arachidonic and linoleic acid elicit isoflavonoid phytoalexin accumulation in Phascolus valgaris (French bean). J. Phytopathol. 120, 289-297.
80. Lynch D.V., Thompson J.E. (1984), Lipoxygenase-mediated production of superoxide anion in senescing plant tissue. FEBS Lett. 173, 251-254.
81. Macrí F., Braidot E., Petrussa E., Vianello A. (1994), Lipoxygenase activity associated to isolated soybean plasma membranes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1215, 109-114.
82. Maniara G., Laine R., Kuć J. (1984), Oligosaccharides from Phytophthora infestans enhance the elicitation of sesquiterpenoid stress metabolites by arachidonic acid in potato. Physiol. Plant Pathol. 24, 177-186.
83. Matsui K., Irie M., Kajiwara T., Hatanaka A. (1992), Developmental changes in lipoxygenase activity in cotyledons of cucumber seedlings. Plant Sci. 85, 23-32.
84. Mehdy M.C. (1994), Active oxygen species in plant defense against pathogens. Plant Physiol. 105, 467-472.
85. Melan M.A., Dong X., Endara M.E., Davis K.R., Ausubel F.M., Peterman T.K. (1993), An Arabidopsis thaliana lipoxygenase gene can be induced by pathogens, abscisic acid and methyl jasmonate. Plant Physiol. 101, 441-450.
86. Melan M.A., Enriquez A.L.D., Peterman T.K. (1994), The LOXI gene of Arabidopsis is temporally and spatially regulated in germinating seedlings. Plant Physiol. 105, 385-393.
87. Müller M.J., Brodschelm W., Spannagl E., Zenk M.H. (1993), Signaling in the elicitation process is mediated through the octadecanoid pathway leading to jasmonic acid. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 7490-7494.
88. Mulliez E., Leblanc J.-P., Girerd J.-J., Rigaud M., Chottard J.-C. (1987), 5-lipoxygenase from potato tubers. Improved purification and physicochemical characteristics. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 916, 13-23.
89. Naor Z., Shearman M.S., Kishimoto A., Nishizuka Y. (1988), Calcium-independent activation of hypothalamic type 1 protein kinase C by unsaturated fatty acids. Mol. Endocrinol. 2, 1043-1048.
90. Nellen A., Rojahn B., Kindl H. (1995), Lipoxygenase forms located at the plant plasma membrane. Z. Naturforsch. 50c, 29-36.
91. Neto G.C., Kono Y., Hyakutake H., Watanabe M., Suzuki Y., Sakurai A. (1991), Isolation and identification of (-)-jasmonic acid from wild rice, Oryza officinalis, as an antifungal substance. Agric. Biol. Chem. 55, 3097-3098.
92. Nürnberger T., Nennstiel D., Jabs T., Sacks W.R., Hahlbrock K., Scheel D. (1994), High affinity binding of a fungal oligopeptide elicitor to parsley plasma membranes triggers multiple defense responses. Cell 78, 449-460.
93. Ocampo C.A., Moerschbacher B., Grambow H.J. (1986), Increased lipoxygenase activity is involved in the hypersensitive response of wheat leaf cells infected with avirulent rust fungi or treated with fungal elicitor. Z. Naturforsch. 41c, 559-563.
94. Ohta H., Ida S., Mikami B., Morita Y. (1986), Purification and characterization of rice lipoxygenase component 3 from embryos. Agric. Biol. Chem 50, 3165-3171.
95. Ohta H., Shida K., Peng Y.-L., Furusawa I., Shishiyama J., Aibara S., Morita Y. (1990), The occurrence of lipid hydroperoxide-decomposing activities in rice and the relationship of such activities to the formation of antifungal substances. Plant Cell Physiol. 31, 1117-1122.
96. Ohta H., Shida K., Peng Y.-L., Furusawa I., Shishiyama J., Aibara S., Morita Y. (1991), A lipoxygenase pathway is activated in rice after infection with the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. Plant Physiol. 97, 94-98.
97. Park T.K., Polacco J.C. (1989), Distinct lipoxygenase species appear in the hypocotyl/radicle of germinating soybean. Plant Physiol. 90, 285-290.
98. Peever T.L., Higgins V.J. (1989), Electrolyte leakage, lipoxygenase, and lipid peroxidation induced in tomato leaf tissue by specific and nonspecific elicitors from Cladosporium fulvum. Plant Physiol. 90, 867-875.
99. Pelacho A.M., Mingo-Castel A.M. (1991), Jasmonic acid induces tuberization of potato stolons cultured in vitro. Plant Physiol. 97, 1253-1255.
100. Peña-Cortes H., Albrecht T., Prat S., Weiler E.W., Willmitzer L. (1993), Aspirin prevents wound-induced gene expression in tomato leaves by blocking jasmonic acid biosynthesis. Planta 191, 123-128.
101. Peng Y.-L., Shirano Y., Ohta H., Hibino T., Tanaka K., Shibata D. (1994), A novel lipoxygenase from rice. Primary structure and specific expression upon incompatible infection with rice blast fungus. J. Biol. Chem. 269, 3755-3761.
102. Pfeiffer T.W., Hildebrand D.E. TeKrony D.M. (1992), Agronomic performance of soybean lipoxygenase isolines. Crop Sci. 32, 357-362.
103. Pinsky A., Grossman S., Trop M. (1971), Lipoxygenase content and antioxidant activity of some fruits and vegetables. J. Food Sci. 36, 571-572.
104. Preisig C.L., Kuć J.A. (1985), Arachidonic acid-related elicitors of the hypersensitive response in potato and enhancement of their activities by glucans from Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) deBary. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 236, 379-389.
105. Preisig C.L., Kuć J.A. (1987), Inhibition by salicylhydroxamic acid, BW755C, eicosatetraynoic acid, and disulfiram of hypersensitive resistance elicited by arachidonic acid or poly-L-lysine in potato tuber. Plant Physiol. 84, 891-894.
106. Ricker K.E., Bostock R.M. (1992), Evidence for release of the elicitor arachidonic acid and its metabolites from sporangia of Phytophthora infestans during infection of potato. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 41, 61-72.
107. Ricker K.E., Bostock R.M. (1994), Eicosanoids in the Phytophthora infestans-potato interaction: lipoxygen-ase metabolism of arachidonic acid and biological activities of selected lipoxygenase products. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 44, 65-80.
108. Rojas M.L., Montes de Gómez V., Ocampo C.A. (1993), Stimulation of lipoxygenase activity in cotyledonary leaves of coffee reacting hypersensitively to the coffee leaf rust. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 43, 209-219.
109. Rouet-Mayer M.-A., Bureau J.-M., Laurière C. (1992), Identification and characterization of lipoxygenase isoforms in senescing carnation petals. Plant Physiol. 98, 971-978.
110. Ryan C.A. (1987), Oligosaccharide signalling in plants. Ann. Rev. Cell Biol. 3, 295-317.
111. Samuelson B., Dahlán S.-E., Lindgren J.Å., Rouzer C.A., Serhan C.N. (1987), Leukotrienes and lipoxins: structures, biosynthesis, and biological effects. Science 237, 1171-1176.
112. Schewe T., Rapoport S.M., Kühn H. (1986), Enzymology and physiology of reticulocyte lipoxygenase: comparison with other lipoxygenases. Adv. Enzymol. Mol. Biol. 58, 191-272.
113. Schilstra M.J., Veldink G.A., Vliegenthart J.F.G. (1994), The dioxygenation rate in lipoxygenase catalysis is determined by the amount of iron(III) lipoxygenase in solution. Biochem. 33, 3974-3979.
114. Schweizer P., Gees R., Mösinger E. (1993), Effect of jasmonic acid on the interaction of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with the powdery mildew Erysiphe graminis f.sp. horcdei. Plant Physiol. 102, 503-511.
115. Sembdner G., Parthier B. (1993), The biochemistry and the physiological and molecular actions of jasmonates. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 44, 569-589.
116. Shimizu T., Rådmark O., Samuelsson B. (1984), Enzyme with dual lipoxygenase activities catalyzes leukotriene A4 synthesis from arachidonic acid. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81, 689-693.
117. Siedow J.N. (1991), Plant lipoxygenase: structure and function. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 42, 145-188.
118. Song W.-C. Brash A.R. (1991), Purification of an allene oxide synthase and identification of the enzyme as a cytochrome P-450. Science 253, 781-784.
119. Steczko J., Axelrod B. (1992), Identification of the iron-binding histidine residues in soybean lipoxygenase L-1. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 186, 686-689.
120. Steczko J., Donoho G.P., Clemens J.C., Dixon J.E., Axelrod B. (1992), Conserved histidine residues in soybean lipoxygenase: functional consequences of their replacement. Biochem. 31, 4053-4057.
121. Strong F.E., Kruitwagen E. (1967), Traumatic acid: an accelerator of abscission in cotton explants. Nature 215, 1380-1381.
122. Sumner J.B., Sumner R.J. (1940), The coupled oxidation of carotene and fat by carotene oxidase. J. Biol. Chem. 134, 531-533.
123. Suzuki K., Shinshi H. (1995), Transient activation and lyrosine phosphorylation of a protein kinase in tobacco cells treated with a funsal elicitor. Plant Cell 7, 639-647.
124. Thompson J.E., Legge R.L., Barber R.F. (1987), The role of free radicals in senescence and woundinn. New Phytol. 105, 317-344.
125. Tranbarger T.J., Franceschi V.R., Hildebrand D.F., Grimes H.D. (1991), The soybean 94-kilodalton vege-tative storage protein is a lipoxygenase that is localized in paraveinal mesophyll cell vacuoles. Plant Cell 3, 973-487.
126. Turlings T.C.J., Tumlinson J.H., Lewis W.J. (1990), Exploitation of herbivore-induced plant odors by host-seeking parasitic wasps. Science 250, 1251-1253.
127. Vaughn S.F., Lulai E.C. (1992), Further evidence that lipoxygenase activity is required for arachidonic acid-elicited hypersensitivity in potato callus cultures. Plant Sci. 84, 91-98.
128. Vera-Estrella R., Blumvald E., Higgins V.J. (1992), Effect of specific elicitors of Cladosporium fulvum on tomato suspension cells. Evidence for the involvement of active oxygen species. Plant Physiol. 99, 1208-1215.
129. Vick B.A., Zimmerman D.C. (1976), Lipoxygenase and hydroperoxide lyase in germinating watermelon seedlings. Plant Physiol. 57, 780-788.
130. Vick B.A., Zimmerman D.C. (1983), The biosynthesis of jasmonic acid: a physiological role for plant lipoxygenase. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 111, 470-477.
131. Vick B.A., Zimmerman D.C. (1984), Biosynthesis of jasmonic acid by several plant species. Plant Physiol. 75, 458-461.
132. Vick B.A., Zimmerman D.C. (1987), Oxidative systems for modification of fatty acids: the lipoxygenase path-way. In: The Biochemistry of Plants (P.K. Stumpf and E.E. Conn. eds.), Academic Press, Orlando, 53-90.
133. Wang W.H., Takano T., Shibata D., Kitamura K., Takeda G. (1994), Molecular basis of a null mutation in soybean lipoxygenase 2: substitution of glutamine for an iron-ligand histidine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 5828-5832.
134. Wardale D.A., Lambert E.A. (1980), Lipoxygenase from cucumber fruit: localization and properties. Phytochem. 19, 1013-1016.
135. Wassef M.K. (1977), Fungal lipids. Adv. Lipid Res. 15, 159-232.
136. Yamamoto H., Tani T. (1986), Possible involvement of lipoxygenase in the mechanism of resistance of oats to Puccinia coronata avenae. J. Phytopathol. 116, 329-337.
137. Yoshihara T., Omer E.A., Koshino H., Sakamura S., Kikuta Y., Koda Y. (1989), Structure of a tuber-inducing stimulus from potato leaves (Solanum tuberosum L.). Agric. Biol. Chem. 53, 2835-2837.
138. Zimmerman D.C., Feng P. (1978), Characterization of a prostaglandin-like metabolite of linolenic acid produced by flaxseed extract. Lipids 13, 313-316.
139. Zimmerman D.C., Coudron C.A. (1979), Identification of traumatin, a wound hormone, as 12-oxo-trans-10-dodecenoic acid. Plant Physiol. 63, 536-541.