Muslims' perception of Judaism and Christianity in Medieval India

Modern Asian Studies

Volumn 33, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 243-255

  Athar Ali, M ^a  

^a ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY   (India)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 11244353536     PISSN: 0026749X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/s0026749x9900325x     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Alberuni's India, tr. E.C. Sachau (London, 1910), I, pp. 6-7.
2. Ibid., p. 109.
3. Ibid., pp. 173-4.
4. Ibid., pp. 36-8.
5. Ibid., p. 38.
6. Ibid., p. 38.
7. Ibid., p. 94.
8. Ibid., II, p. 15.
9. Ibid., p. 161.
10. Ibid., pp. 4-5.
11. Amir Hasan Sijzi, Fawa'idu'l Fawad, ed. M. Latif Malik (Lahore, 1966).
12. Mir Khurd, Siyaru'l Auliya, ed. Chiranji Lal (Delhi, 1985), p. 155. The work was completed after 1387, but most of the text was written much earlier.
13. Akbarnama, Bib. Ind. ed., III, p. 243 to be read with the passage in the earlier version of the work, Br. Lib. MS. Add. 27,247, f. 294b.
14. Abu'l Fazl does, however, refer under the year 1579-80 to the agitation caused by the Jesuit mission: 'at this time, the Christian scholars (filsufan-i Nisara) submitted strong arguments against the wordly learned of Muslim law at the imperial court; and learned controversy ensued' (Akbarnama, III, p. 272).
15. Adbu'l Qadir Badauni, Muntakhab-ut Tawarikh, Bib. Ind., II, p. 260.
16. For its text see Nizamuddin Ahmad, Tabaqat-i Akbari, Bib. Ind. II, pp. 344-6; Badauni, II, pp. 271-2. See also M. Athar Ali, 'Towards An Interpretation of the Mughal Empire', JRAS, No. I (London, 1978).
17. For its text see Nizamuddin Ahmad, Tabaqat-i Akbari, Bib. Ind. II, pp. 344-6; Badauni, II, pp. 271-2. See also M. Athar Ali, 'Towards An Interpretation of the Mughal Empire', JRAS, No. I (London, 1978).
18. For its text see Nizamuddin Ahmad, Tabaqat-i Akbari, Bib. Ind. II, pp. 344-6; Badauni, II, pp. 271-2. See also M. Athar Ali, 'Towards An Interpretation of the Mughal Empire', JRAS, No. I (London, 1978).
19. Badauni, III, p. 79.
20. Insha'i Abdul Fazl, Nawal Kishore, 1280/1864, pp. 37-9.
21. Nijatur' Rashid, ed. S. Moinul Haq (Lahore, 1972), pp. 21-2.
22. Ibid., pp. 210-11.
23. Percy Brown, Indian Painting under the Mughals, A.D. 1550 to A.D. 1750 (London, 1924), pp. 163-79; Ashok Kumar Das, Mughal Painting During Jahangir's Time (Calcutta, 1978), pp. 229-50.
24. Percy Brown, Indian Painting under the Mughals, A.D. 1550 to A.D. 1750 (London, 1924), pp. 163-79; Ashok Kumar Das, Mughal Painting During Jahangir's Time (Calcutta, 1978), pp. 229-50.
25. I have read the edition ed./pub. by Ibrahim bin Nur Muhammad (Bombay, 1292/1875).
26. 'Ma'asiru'l Kiram, I (Hyderabad Dn., 1910), p. 22.
27. See esp. Dabistan-i Mazahib, p. 147.
28. Ibid., p. 119.
29. Ibid., p. 153.
30. Ibid., pp. 194-202.
31. Ibid., p. 191.
32. Ibid., pp. 194-5.
33. The text runs from p. 196 to 202, constituting Sec. 2 of the Chapter on the Jews.
34. Ibid., p. 195.
35. Ibid., pp. 195-6.
36. A good exposition of the Nuqiawi theory is given in the Dabistan-i Mazahib itself, PP. 343-7.
37. Dabistan-i Mazahib, pp. 202-8.
38. Ibid., p. 202.
39. 'And there shall come forth a shoot out of the stock of Jesse, and a branch out of his roots shall bear fruit; and the spirit of the Lord shall rest upon him', etc. (Revised Version).
40. Dabistan-i Mazahib, pp. 202-3.
41. Ibid., p. 203.
42. Ibid., pp. 203-4.
43. See the translation of the creed in Henry Bettenson, Documents of the Christian Church (London, 1954), pp. 36-7.
44. Dabistan-i Mazahib, p. 204.
45. Ibid., pp. 205-6.
46. Ibid., p. 206.
47. Ibid., p. 208.
48. Ibid., pp. 254-68.
49. Ibid., p. 258.
50. François Bernier, Travels in the Mogul Empire, tr. A. Constable, 2nd ed. rev. V.A. Smith (London, 1916), p. 328.