Investigation of evaporation characteristics of polonium and its lighter homologues selenium and tellurium from liquid Pb-Bi-eutecticum

Radiochimica Acta

Volumn 92, Issue 12, 2004, Pages 917-923

  Neuhausen, J ^a   Koster U ^b   Eichler, B ^a  

^a PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUTE   (Switzerland)

^b CERN   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Chalcogens; Evaporation; Pb Bi eutecticum; Polonium; Release; Thermochemistry

Indexed keywords

BISMUTH; LEAD; LEAD BISMUTH EUTECTICUM; POLONIUM; SELENIUM; TELLURIUM; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; WATER;

ARTICLE; ATMOSPHERE; CHEMICAL REACTION; ERROR; EVAPORATION; GAMMA SPECTROMETRY; LIQUID; MELTING POINT; TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE; THERMODYNAMICS;

EID: 11244346686     PISSN: 00338230     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1524/ract.92.12.917.55105     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Salvatores, M., Bauer, G. S., Heusener, G.: The MEGAPIE Initiative. PSI-Report Nr. 00-05, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland (2000).
2. Gromov, B. F., Belomitlev, Yu. S., Efimov, E. I., Leonchuk, M. P., Martinov, P. N. Orlov, Yu. I., Pankratov, D. V., Pashkin, Yu. G., Toshinsky, G. I., Chenukov, V. V., Shmatko, B. A., Stepankov, V. S.: Use of lead-bismuth coolant in nuclear reactors and accelerator-driven systems. Nucl. Engin. Design 173, 207 (1997).
3. Atchison, F.: Nuclide Production in the SINQ Target. Report SINQ/816/AFN-702, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland (1997).
4. th edn., Polonium, Supplement Vol. 1, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1990) p. 421.
5. Jennings, A. S., Proctor, J. F., Fernandez, L. P.: The Large Scale Separation of Polonium-210 from Bismuth. Du Pont Rep., Large Scale Production and Applications of Radioisoptes, DP-1066, 3, Du Pont de Nemour and Co, Aiken, SC, Savannah River Lab. Vacuum 17, 584 (1967).
6. Tupper, R. B., Minushkin, B., Peters, F. E., Kardos, Z. L.: Polonium Hazards Associated with Lead Bismuth Used as a Reactor Coolant. Proc. of the Intern. Conf. on Fast Reactors and Related Fuel Cycles, October 28-November 1 (1991), Kyoto, Japan, Vol.4, pp.5.6-1.
7. Pankratov, D. V., Yefimov, E. I., Burgreev, M. I.: Polonium Problem in Lead-Bismuth Flow Target. Proc. of the Intern. Workshop on the Technology and Thermal Hydraulics of Heavy Liquid Metals, March 25-28 (1996), Schruns, Austria, p. 9.23.
8. Furrer, M., Steinemann, M., Leupi, P.: Dampfdruck von Polonium-210 über einer eutektischen Blei-/Wismut-Schmelze bei 350°C. TM-43-91-08, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland (1991).
9. Buongiorno, J., Larson, C., Czerwinski, K. R.: Speciation of polonium released from molten lead bismuth. Radiochim. Acta 91, 153 (2003).
10. Yefimov, E. I., Pankratov, D. V.: Polonium and volatile radionuclides output from liquid metal target into ion guide and gas system. Proc. of the 2. Intern. Conf. on Accelerator-Driven Transmutation Technologies and Applications, June 3-7 (1996), Kalmar, Sweden, p. 1121.
11. Levanov, V. I., Pankratov, D. V., Yefimov, E. I.: The Estimation of Radiation Danger of Gaseous and Volatile Radionuclides in Accelerator Driven System with Pb-Bi Coolant. Proc. of the 3. Intern. Conf. on Accelerator-Driven Transmutation Technologies and Applications, June 7-11 (1999), Prague, Czech Republic, http://www.fjfi.cvut.cz/con_adtt99/.
12. Fischer, W. E.: Dampfdruck und Aktivierung flüchtiger Spallationsprodukte aus dem SINQ-Target. Report SINQ/821/FIN-716, Schweizerisches Institut für Nuklearforschung, Villigen, Switzerland (1987).
13. Li, N., Yefimov, E., Pankratov, D.: Polonium Release from an ATW Burner System with Liquid Lead-Bismuth Coolant. Report LA-UR-98-1995, Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA (1998).
14. Köster, U., for the ISOLDE Collaboration: ISOLDE target and ion source chemistry. Radiochim. Acta 89, 749 (2001).
15. Audi, G., Bersillon, O., Blachot, J. Wapstra, A. H.: The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties. Nucl. Phys. A 729, 3 (2003).
16. Roster, U., Bergmann, U. C., Carminati, D., Catherall, R., Cederkäll, J., Correia, J. G., Crepieux, B., Dietrich, M., Elder, K., Fedoseyev, V. N., Fraile, L., Franchoo, S., Fynbo, H., Georg, U., Giles, T., Joinet, A., Jonsson, O. C., Kirchner, R., Lau, Ch., Lettry, J., Maier, H. J., Mishin, V. I., Oinonen, M., Peräjärvi, K., Ravn, H. L., Rinaldi, T., Santana-Leitner, M., Wahl, U., Weissman, L.: Oxide fiber targets at ISOLDE. Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 204, 303 (2003).
17. http://nucleardata.nuclear.lu.se/nucleardata/toi/.
18. http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/XrayMassCoef/tab3.html.
19. Barin, I.: Thermochemical Data of Pure Substances. VCH, Weinheim (1995).
20. Neuhausen, J., Eichler, B.: Extension of Miedema's Macroscopic Atom Model to the Elements of Group 16 (O, S, Se, Te, Po). PSI-Report 03-13, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland, September (2003).
21. Eichler, B.: Die Flüchtigkeitseigenschaften des Poloniums. PSI-Report 02-12, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland, June (2002).
22. de Boer, F. R., Boom, R., Mattens, W. C. M., Miedema, A. R., Niessen, A. K.: Cohesion in Metals, Transition Metal Alloys. North-Holland, Amsterdam (1988).
23. Miedema, A. R., Gingerich, K. A.: On the enthalpy of formation of diatomic intermetallic molecules. J. Phys. B: Atom. Molec. Phys. Vol. 12, 2255 (1979).
24. Leymonie, C.: Radioactive Tracers in Physical Metallurgy. Chapman and Hall, London (1963) p. 112.
25. Celino, M. Conversano, R., Rosato, V.: Atomistic simulation of liquid lead and lead-bismuth eutectic. J. Nucl. Materials 301, 64 (2002).
26. Landolt-Börnstein Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Physik, Chemie, Astronomie, Geophysik und Technik. 6. Auflage, II. Band, 5. Teil B, Springer, Berlin (1968).