Chicken infectious anemia virus: An example of the ultimate host-parasite relationship

Avian Diseases

Volumn 48, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 734-745

  Miller, Myrna M ^a   Schat, K A ^a  

^a Department of Obstetrics Gynecology   (United States)

Author keywords

Chicken infectious anemia virus; Cytotoxic T cells; Hormone response elements; Immunosuppression; Latency; Promoter enhancer; Specific pathogen free; Viral repressor elements

Indexed keywords

AVES; CHICKEN ANEMIA VIRUS; GALLUS GALLUS;

EID: 11244329699     PISSN: 00052086     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1637/7271-090304R     Document Type: Short Survey

References (103)

1. Adair, B. M. Immunopathogenesis of chicken anemia virus infection. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 24:247-255. 2000.
2. Adair, B. M., F. McNeilly, C. D. McConnell, and M.S. McNulty. Characterization of surface markers present on cells infected by chicken anemia virus in experimentally infected chickens. Avian Dis. 37:943-950. 1993.
3. Adair, B. M., F. McNeilly, C. D. McConnell, D. Todd, R. T. Nelson, and M. S. McNulty. Effects of chicken anemia agent on lymphokine production and lymphocyte transformation in experimentally infected chickens. Avian Dis. 35:783-792. 1991.
4. Allan, G. M., K. V. Phenix, D. Todd, and M. S. McNulty. Some biological and physico-chemical properties of porcine circovirus. Zentralbl. Veterinarmed. B 41:17-26. 1994.
5. Aumais, J. P., H. S. Lee, C. DeGannes, J. Horsford, and J. H. White. Function of directly repeated half-sites as response elements for steroid hormone receptors. J. Biol. Chem. 271:12568-12577. 1996.
6. Awadhiya, R. P., J. L. Vegad, and G. N. Kolte. Demonstration of the phagocytic activity of chicken thrombocytes using colloidal carbon. Res. Vet. Sci. 29:120-122. 1980.
7. Bounous, D. I., M. A. Goodwin, R. L. Brooks, Jr., C. M. Lamichlane, R. P. Campagnoli, J. Brown, and D. B. Snyder. Immunosuppression and intracellular calcium signaling in splenocytes from chicks infected with chicken anemia virus, CL-1 isolate. Avian Dis. 39:135-140. 1995.
8. Brentano, L., S. Lazzarin, T. A. P. Klein and K. A. Schat. Detection of chicken anemia virus in the gonads and in the progeny of broiler breeder hens with high neutralizing antibody titer. Vet. Microbiol. In press.
9. Calnek, B. W., B. Lucio-Martinez, C. Cardona, R. W. Harris, K. A. Schat, and C. Buscaglia. Comparative susceptibility of Marek's disease cell lines to chicken infectious anemia virus. Avian Dis. 44:114-124. 2000.
10. Cardona, C., B. Lucio, P. O'Connell, J. Jagne, and K. A. Schat. Humoral immune responses to chicken infectious anemia virus in three strains of chickens in a closed flock. Avian Dis. 44:661-667. 2000.
11. Cardona, C. J., W. B. Oswald, and K. A. Schat. Distribution of chicken anaemia virus in the reproductive tissues of specific-pathogen-free chickens. J. Gen. Virol. 81:2067-2075. 2000.
12. Chang, C. F., and P. B. Hamilton. The thrombocyte as the primary circulating phagocyte in chickens. J. Reticuloendothel. Soc. 25:585-590. 1979.
13. Chung, A. C., and A. J. Cooney. Germ cell nuclear factor. Int. J. Biochem. 33:1141-1146. 2001.
14. Claessens, J. A., C. C. Schrier, A. P. Mockett, E. H. Jagt, and P. J. Sondermeijer. Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the genome of chicken anaemia agent. J. Gen. Virol. 72:2003-2006. 1991.
15. Cloud, S. S., H. S. Lillehoj, and J. K. Rosenberger. Immune dysfunction following infection with chicken anemia agent and infectious bursal disease virus. I. Kinetic alterations of avian lymphocyte subpopulations. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 34:337-352. 1992.
16. Cloud, S. S., J. K. Rosenberger, and H. S. Lillehoj. Immune dysfunction following infection with chicken anemia agent and infectious bursal disease virus. II. Alterations of in vitro lymphoproliferation and in vivo immune responses. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 34:353-366. 1992.
17. Davidson, I., M. Kedem, H. Borochovitz, N. Kass, G. Ayali, E. Hamzani, B. Perelman, B. Smith, and S. Perk. Chicken infectious anemia virus infection in Israeli commercial flocks: virus amplification, clinical signs, performance, and antibody status. Avian Dis. 48:108-118. 2004.
18. De Herdt, P., G. Van den Bosch, R. Ducatelle, E. Uyttebroek, and C. Schrier. Epidemiology and significance of chicken infectious anemia virus infections in broilers and broiler parents under nonvaccinated European circumstances. Avian Dis. 45:706-708. 2001.
19. Dren, C., T. Farkas, and I. Nemeth. Serological survey on the prevalence of chicken anaemia virus infection in Hungarian chicken flocks. Vet. Microbiol. 50:7-16. 1996.
20. Driscoll, M. D., G. Sathya, M. Muyan, C. M. Klinge, R. Hilf, and R. A. Bambara. Sequence requirements for estrogen receptor binding to estrogen response elements. J. Biol. Chem. 73:29321-29330. 1998.
21. Engström, B. E., and M. Luthman. Blue wing disease of chickens: signs, pathology and natural transmission. Avian Pathol. 13:1-12. 1984.
22. Farrell, M. L., and J. E. Mertz. Cell type-specific replication of simian virus 40 conferred by hormone response elements in the late promoter. J. Virol. 76:6762-6770. 2002.
23. Fehler, F., and C. Winter. CAV infection in older chickens: an apathogenic infection? In: Proc. 2nd International Symposium of Infectious Bursal Disease and Chicken Infectious Anaemia. Institut fur Geflugelkrankheiten, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany. pp. 391-394. 2001.
24. Forman, B. M., J. Casanova, B. M. Raaka, J. Ghysdael, and H. H. Samuels. Half-site spacing and orientation determines whether thyroid hormone and retinoic acid receptors and related factors bind to DNA response elements as monomers, homodimers, or heterodimers. Mol. Endocrinol. 6:429-442. 1992.
25. Franchini, A., D. Kletsas, and E. Ottaviani. Immunocytochemical evidence of PDGF- and TGF-beta - like molecules in invertebrate and vertebrate immunocytes: an evolutionary approach. Histochem. J. 28:599-605. 1996.
26. Fussell, L. W. Poultry industry strategies for control of immunosuppressive diseases. Poult. Sci. 77:1193-1196. 1998.
27. Gelderblom, H., S. Kling, R. Lurz, I. Tischer, and V. von Bülow. Morphological characterization of chicken anaemia agent (CAA). Arch. Virol. 109:115-120. 1989.
28. He, Y. W. Orphan nuclear receptors in T lymphocyte development. J. Leukocyte Biol. 72:440-446. 2002.
29. Hoop, R. K. Persistence and vertical transmission of chicken anaemia agent in experimentally infected laying hens. Avian Pathol. 21:493-501. 1992.
30. Hoop, R. K. Transmission of chicken anaemia virus with semen. Vet. Rec. 133:551-552. 1993.
31. Hoop, R. K., F. Guscetti, and B. Keller. An outbreak of infectious chicken anemia in fattening chickens in Switzerland. Schweiz. Arch. Tierheilkd. 134:485-489. 1992.
32. Hu, L. B., B. Lucio, and K. A. Schat. Abrogation of age-related resistance to chicken infectious anemia by embryonal bursectomy. Avian Dis. 37:157-169. 1993.
33. Imai, K., M. Mase, K. Tsukamoto, H. Hihara, and N. Yuasa. Persistent infection with chicken anaemia virus and some effects of highly virulent infectious bursal disease virus infection on its persistency. Res. Vet. Sci. 67:233-238. 1999.
34. Jeurissen, S. H., M. E. Janse, D. J. Van Roozelaar, G. Koch, and G. F. De Boer. Susceptibility of thymocytes for infection by chicken anemia virus is related to pre- and posthatching development. Dev. Immunol. 2:123-129. 1992.
35. Jeurissen, S. H., F. Wagenaar, J. M. Pol, A. J. van der Eb, and M. H. Noteborn. Chicken anemia virus causes apoptosis of thymocytes after in vivo infection and of cell lines after in vitro infection. J. Virol. 66:7383-7388. 1992.
36. Klinge, C. M., D. L. Bodenner, D. Desai, R. M. Niles, and A. M. Traish. Binding of type II nuclear receptors and estrogen receptor to full and half-site estrogen response elements in vitro. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:1903-1912. 1997.
37. Klinger, M. H., and W. Jelkmann. Role of blood platelets in infection and inflammation. J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 22:913-922. 2002.
38. Koch, G., D. J. van Roozelaar, C. A. Verschueren, A. J. van der Eb, and M. H. Noteborn. Immunogenic and protective properties of chicken anaemia virus proteins expressed by baculovirus. Vaccine 13:763-770. 1995.
39. Krust, A., S. Green, P. Argos, V. Kumar, P. Walter, J. M. Bornert, and P. Chambon. The chicken oestrogen receptor sequence: homology with v-erbA and the human oestrogen and glucocorticoid receptors. Embo J. 5:891-897. 1986.
40. Lee, H. J., and C. Chang. Identification of human TR2 orphan receptor response element in the transcriptional initiation site of the simian virus 40 major late promoter. J. Biol. Chem. 270:5434-5440. 1995.
41. Lucio, B., K. A. Schat, and H. L. Shivaprasad. Identification of the chicken anemia agent, reproduction of the disease, and serological survey in the United States. Avian Dis. 34:146-153. 1990.
42. Markowski-Grimsrud, C. J., M. M. Miller, and K. A. Schat. Development of strain-specific real-time PCR and RT-PCR assays for quantitation of chicken anemia virus. J. Virol. Methods 101:135-147. 2002.
43. Markowski-Grimsrud, C. J., and K. A. Schat. Infection with chicken anemia virus impairs the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. In: Proceedings 2nd International Symposium on Infectious Bursal Disease and Chicken Infectious Anaemia. Institut fur Geflugelkrankheiten, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany. pp. 395-402. 2001.
44. Markowski-Grimsrud, C. J., and K. A. Schat. Infection with chicken anaemia virus impairs the generation of pathogen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Immunology 109:283-294. 2003.
45. McConnell, C. D., B. M. Adair, and M. S. McNulty. Effects of chicken anemia virus on cell-mediated immune function in chickens exposed to the virus by a natural route. Avian Dis. 37:366-374. 1993.
46. McConnell, C. D., B. M. Adair, and M. S. McNulty. Effects of chicken anemia virus on macrophage function in chickens. Avian Dis. 37:358-365. 1993.
47. McIlroy, S. G., M. S. McNulty, D. W. Bruce, J. A. Smyth, E. A. Goodall, and M. J. Alcorn. Economic effects of clinical chicken anemia agent infection on profitable broiler production. Avian Dis. 36:566-574. 1992.
48. McNeilly, F., B. M. Adair, and M. S. McNulty. In vitro infection of mononuclear cells derived from various chicken lymphoid tissues by chicken anaemia virus. Avian Pathol. 23:547-556. 1994.
49. McNulty, M. S. Chicken anaemia agent: a review. Avian Pathol. 20:187-203. 1991.
50. McNulty, M. S., T. J. Connor, F. McNeilly, K. S. Kirkpatrick, and J. B. McFerran. A serological survey of domestic poultry in the United Kingdom for antibody to chicken anemia agent. Avian Pathol. 17:315-324. 1988.
51. McNulty, M. S., S. G. McIlroy, D. W. Bruce, and D. Todd. Economic effects of subclinical chicken anemia agent infection in broiler chickens. Avian Dis. 35:263-268. 1991.
52. Meehan, B. M., D. Todd, J. L. Creclan, J. A. P. Earle, E. Hoey, and M. S. McNulty. Characterization of viral DNAs from cells infected with chicken anaemia agent: sequence analysis of the cloned replicative form and transfection capabilities of cloned genome fragments. Arch. Virol. 124:301-319. 1992.
53. Miller, M. M., K. A. Ealey, W. B. Oswald, and K. A. Schat. Detection of chicken anemia virus DNA in embryonal tissues and eggshell membranes. Avian Dis. 47: 662-671. 2003.
54. 52a. Miller, M. M., K. W. Jarosinski, and K. A. Schat. Positive and negative regulation of chicken anemia virus transcription. J. Virol. In Press.
55. Miller, M. M., W. B. Oswald, J. Scarlet, and K. A. Schat. Patterns of chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) seroconversion in three Cornell SPF flocks. In: Proceedings 2nd International Symposium on Infectious Bursal Disease and Chicken Infectious Anaemia. Institut fur Geflugelkrankheiten, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany. pp. 410-417. 2001.
56. Miyata, H., H. Tsunoda, A. Kazi, A. Yamada, M. A. Khan, J. Murakami, T. Kamahora, K. Shiraki, and S. Hino. Identification of a novel GC-rich 113-nucleotide region to complete the circular, single-stranded DNA genome of TT virus, the first human circovirus. J. Virol. 73:3582-3586. 1999.
57. Mohan, R., and R. A. Heyman. Orphan nuclear receptor modulators. Curr. Top. Med. Chem. 3:1637-1647. 2003.
58. Noteborn, M. H., G. F. de Boer, D. J. van Roozelaar, C. Karreman, O. Kranenburg, J. G. Vos, S. H. Jeurissen, R. C. Hoeben, A. Zantema, G. Koch, H. van Ormondt, and A. J. van der Eb. Characterization of cloned chicken anemia virus DNA that contains all elements for the infectious replication cycle. J. Virol. 65:3131-3139. 1991.
59. Noteborn, M. H., O. Kranenburg, A. Zantema, G. Koch, G. F. de Boer, and A. J. van der Eb. Transcription of the chicken anemia virus (CAV) genome and synthesis of its 52-kDa protein. Gene 118:267-271. 1992.
60. Noteborn, M. H., D. Todd, C. A. Verschueren, H. W. de Gauw, W. L. Curran, S. Veldkamp, A. J. Douglas, M. S. McNulty, A. J. van der Eb, and G. Koch. A single chicken anemia virus protein induces apoptosis. J. Virol. 68:346-351. 1994.
61. Noteborn, M. H., C. A. Verschueren, G. Koch, and A. J. van der Eb. Simultaneous expression of recombinant baculovirus-encoded chicken anaemia virus (CAV) proteins VP1 and VP2 is required for formation of the CAV-specific neutralizing epitope. J. Gen. Virol. 79:3073-3077. 1998.
62. Noteborn, M. H., C. A. Verschueren, H. van Ormondt, and A. J. van der Eb. Chicken anemia virus strains with a mutated enhancer/promoter region share reduced virus spread and cytopathogenicity. Gene 223:165-172. 1998.
63. Noteborn, M. H., C. A. Verschueren, A. Zantema, G. Koch, and A. J. van der Eb. Identification of the promoter region of chicken anemia virus (CAV) containing a novel enhancer-like element. Gene 150:313-318. 1994.
64. Park, J. I., S. Y. Tsai, and M. J. Tsai. Molecular mechanisms of chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor (COUP-TF) actions. Keio J. Med. 52:174-181. 2003.
65. Pereira, F. A., M. J. Tsai, and S. Y. Tsai. COUP-TF orphan nuclear receptors in development and differentiation. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 57:1388-1398. 2000.
66. Peters, M. A., D. C. Jackson, B. S. Crabb, and G. F. Browning. Chicken anemia virus VP2 is a novel dual specificity protein phosphatase. J. Biol. Chem. 277:39566-39573. 2002.
67. Phenix, K. V., B. M. Meehan, D. Todd, and M. S. McNulty. Transcriptional analysis and genome expression of chicken anaemia virus. J. Gen. Virol. 75:905-909. 1994.
68. Phenix, K. V., J. H. Weston, I. Ypelaar, A. Lavazza, J. A. Smyth, D. Todd, G. E. Wilcox, and S. R. Raidal. Nucleotide sequence analysis of a novel circovirus of canaries and its relationship to other members of the genus Circovirus of the family Circoviridae. J. Gen. Virol. 82:2805-2809. 2001.
69. Pringle, C. R. Virus taxonomy at the XIth International Congress of Virology, Sydney, Australia, 1999. Arch. Virol. 144:2065-2069. 1999.
70. Ragland, W. L., R. Novak, J. El-Attrache, V. Savic, and K. Ester. Chicken anemia virus and infectious bursal disease virus interfere with transcription of chicken IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma mRNA. J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 22:437-441. 2002.
71. Renshaw, R. W., C. Soiné, T. Weinkle, P. H. O'Connell, K. Ohashi, S. Watson, B. Lucio, S. Harrington, and K. A. Schat. A hypervariable region in VP1 of chicken infectious anemia virus mediates rate of spread and cell tropism in tissue culture. J. Virol. 70:8872-8878. 1996.
72. Rosales, G. Update: infectious chicken anemia. Broiler Industry. 1996.
73. Rosenberger, J. K., and S. S. Cloud. The effects of age, route of exposure, and coinfection with infectious bursal disease virus on the pathogenicity and transmissibility of chicken anemia agent (CAA). Avian Dis. 33:753-759. 1989.
74. Sagami, I., S. Y. Tsai, H. Wang, M. J. Tsai, and B. W. O'Malley. Identification of two factors required for the transcription of the ovalbumin gene. Mol. Cell Biol. 6:4259-4267. 1986.
75. Schat, K. A. Chicken infectious anemia. In: Diseases of poultry, 11th ed. Y. M. Saif, H. J. Barnes, A. M. Fadly, J. R. Glisson, L. R. McDougald, and D. E. Swayne, eds. Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA. pp. 182-196. 2003.
76. Sommer, F., and C. Cardona. Chicken anemia virus in broilers: dynamics of the infection in two commercial broiler flocks. Avian Dis. 47:1466-1473. 2003.
77. Spackman, E., S. S. Cloud, C. R. Pope, and J. K. Rosenberger. Comparison of a putative second serotype of chicken infectious anemia virus with a prototypical isolate. I. Pathogenesis. Avian Dis. 46:945-955. 2002.
78. Spackman, E., S. S. Cloud, and J. K. Rosenberger. Comparison of a putative second serotype of chicken infectious anemia virus with a prototypical isolate. II. Antigenic and physicochemical characteristics. Avian Dis. 46:956-963. 2002.
79. Takahashi, K., Y. Iwasa, M. Hijikata, and S. Mishiro. Identification of a new human DNA virus (TTV-like mini virus, TLMV) intermediately related to TT virus and chicken anemia virus. Arch. Virol. 145:979-993. 2000.
80. Takase, K., Y. Murakawa, R. Ariyoshi, S. Eriguchi, T. Sugimura, and H. Fujikawa. Serological monitoring on layer farms with specific pathogen-free chickens. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 62:1327-1329. 2000.
81. Taniguchi, T., N. Yuasa, M. Maeda, and T. Horiuchi. Hematopathological changes in dead and moribund chicks induced by chicken anemia agent. Natl. Inst. Anim. Health Q. Jpn. 22:61-69. 1982.
82. Taniguchi, T., N. Yuasa, M. Maeda, and T. Horiuchi. Chronological observations on hemato-pathological changes in chicks inoculated with chicken anemia agent. Natl. Inst. Anim. Health Q. Jpn. 23:1-12. 1983.
83. Taylor, S. P. The effect of acetone on the viability of chicken anemia agent. Avian Dis. 36:753-754. 1992.
84. Todd, D. Circoviruses: immunosuppressive threats to avian species: a review. Avian Pathol. 29:373-394. 2000.
85. Todd, D., M. S. McNulty, B. M. Adair, and G. M. Allan. Animal circoviruses. Adv. Virus Res. 57:1-70. 2001.
86. Todd, D., F. D. Niagro, B. W. Ritchie, W. Curran, G. M. Allan, P. D. Lukert, K. S. Latimer, W. L. Steffens III, and M. S. McNulty. Comparison of three animal viruses with circular single-stranded DNA genomes. Arch. Virol. 117:129-135. 1991.
87. Urlings, H. A., G. F. de Boer, D. J. van Roozelaar, and G. Koch. Inactivation of chicken anaemia virus in chickens by heating and fermentation. Vet. Q. 15: 85-88. 1993.
88. Val, P., A. M. Lefrancois-Martinez, G. Veyssiere, and A. Martinez. SF-1 a key player in the development and differentiation of steroidogenic tissues. http://nuclear receptor.com/content/1/1/8. 2003.
89. van Santen V. L., K. S. Joiner, C. Murray, N. Petrenko, F. J. Hoerr, and H. Toro. Pathogenesis of chicken anemia virus: comparison of the oral and the intramuscular routes of infection. Avian Dis. 48:494-504. 2004.
90. Vielitz, E., V. von Bulow, H. Landgraf, and C. Conrad. Anemia in broilers - developmenr of a vaccine for breeder srock. Zenrralbl. Veterinarmed. B 34:553-557. 1987.
91. Wang, L. H., S. Y. Tsai, I. Sagami, M. J. Tsai, and B. W. O'Malley. Purification and characterization of chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor from HeLa cells. J. Biol. Chem. 262:16080-16086. 1987.
92. Wiley, S. R., R. J. Kraus, F. Zuo, E. E. Murray, K. Loritz, and J. E. Mertz. SV40 early-to-late switch involves titration of cellular transcriptional repressors. Genes Dev. 7:2206-2219. 1993.
93. Yuasa, N. Propagation and infectivity titration of the Gifu-1 strain of chicken anemia agent in a cell line (MDCC-MSBi) derived from Marek's disease lymphoma. Natl. Inst. Anim. Health Q. Tokyo 23:13-20. 1983.
94. Yuasa, N. Effect of chemicals on the infectivity of chicken anaemia virus. Avian Pathol. 21:315-319. 1992.
95. Yuasa, N., and K. Imai. Efficacy of Marek's disease vaccine, herpesvirus of turkeys, in chickens infected with chicken anemia agent. In: Advances in Marek's disease research. S. Kato, T. Horiuchi, T. Mikami, and K. Hirai, eds. Japanese Association on Marek's Disease, Osaka, pp. 358-363. 1988.
96. Yuasa, N., K. Imai, and K. Nakamura. Pathogenicity of chicken aneamia agent in bursectomized chickens. Avian Pathol. 17:363-369. 1988.
97. Yuasa, N., K. Imai, and H. Tezuka. Survey of antibody against chicken aneamia agent (CAA) by an indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique in breeder flocks in Japan. Avian Pathol. 14:521-530. 1985.
98. Yuasa, N., T. Noguchi, K. Furuta, and I. Yoshida. Maternal antibody and its effect on the susceptibility of chicks to chicken anemia agent. Avian Dis. 24:197-201. 1980.
99. Yuasa, N., T. Taniguchi, and I. Yoshida. Isolation and some characteristics of an agent inducing anemia in chicks. Avian Dis. 23:366-385. 1979.
100. Zanella, A., P. Dall'Ara, A. Lavazza, R. Marchi, M. A. Morena, T. Rampin, G. Sironi, and G. Poli. Interaction between Marek's disease and chicken infectious anemia virus. In: Current progress on Marek's disease disease research. K. A. Schat, R. M. Morgan, M. Parcells, and J. L. Spencer, eds. American Association of Avian Pathologists, Kennett Square, PA. pp. 11-19. 2001.
101. Zhou, W., B. Yang, B. Shen, S. Han, and J. Zhou. A serologic survey of antibody against chicken infectious anemia virus by indirect immunofluorescent assay in domestic poultry in China. Avian Dis. 40:358-360. 1996.
102. Zuo, F., R. J. Kraus, T. Gulick, D. D. Moore, and J. E. Mertz. Direct modulation of simian virus 40 late gene expression by thyroid hormone and its receptor. J. Virol. 71:427-436. 1997.
103. Zuo, F., and J. E. Mertz. Simian virus 40 late gene expression is regulated by members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:8586-8590. 1995.