Bone strain gradients and optimization in vertebrate skulls

Annals of Anatomy

Volumn 186, Issue 5-6, 2004, Pages 387-396

  Ross, Callum F ^a   Metzger, Keith A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO   (United States)

^b STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Crocodilians; Feeding; Mammals; Mandible; Mastication; Primates; Skull

Indexed keywords

ALLIGATOR; ALLOMETRY; ARTICLE; BONE STRESS; BRAIN REGION; COMPARATIVE ANATOMY; CONTROLLED STUDY; FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY; GENUS; MANDIBLE; NONHUMAN; PRIMATE; PROCESS OPTIMIZATION; SKULL; SPECIES COMPARISON; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; TAXON; VERTEBRATE; ZYGOMA;

ALLIGATOR; ANIMALIA; CROCODYLIDAE (ALL CROCODILES); MAMMALIA; PRIMATES; SUS; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 11244262469     PISSN: 09409602     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0940-9602(04)80070-0     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Biknevicius AR, Ruff CB (1992) The structure of the mandibular corpus and its relationship to feeding behaviors in extant carnivorans. J Zool Lond 228: 479-507
2. Blob RW, Biewener AA (1999) In vivo locomotor strain in the hindlimb bones of Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana: implications for the evolution of limb bone safety factor and non-sprawling limb posture. J Exp Biol 202: 1023-1046
3. Bouvier M (1986) A biomechanical analysis of mandibular scaling in Old World monkeys. Am J Phys Anthropol 69: 473-482
4. Bouvier M, Hylander WL (1996) The mechanical or metabolic function of secondary osteonal bone in the monkey Macaca fascicularis Archs Oral Biol 41: 941-950
5. Buckland-Wright JC (1978) Bone structure and the patterns of force transmission in the cat skull (Felis catus). J Morphol 155: 35-62
6. Burr D, Martin R, Schaffler M, Radin E (1985) Bone remodeling in response to in vivo fatigue microdamage. J Biomech 202: 99-127
7. Carter DR, Harris W, Vasu R, Caler W (1981) The mechanical and biological response of cortical bone to in vivo strain histories. In: Cowin SC (Ed) Mechanical Properties of Bone (AMD vol. 45). American Society of Mechanical Engineers: New York, pp 81-92
8. Crompton AW (1995) Masticatory function in nonmammalian cynodonts and early mammals. In: Thomason JJ (Ed) Functional Morphology in Vertebrate Paleontology. Cambridge University Press: New York, pp 55-75
9. Currey J (1984) The mechanical adaptations of bones. Princeton University Press: Princeton, New Jersey
10. Currey JD (2002) Bones: Structure and Mechanics. Princeton University Press: Princeton, New Jersey
11. Currey JD, Alexander RM (1985) The thickness of the walls of tubular bones. J Zool Lond 206: 453-468
12. Daegling DJ (1993) The relationship of in vivo bone strain to mandibular corpus morphology in Macaca fascicularis. J Hum Evol 25: 247-269
13. Daegling DJ (2001) Biomechanical scaling of the hominoid mandibular symphysis. J Morphol 250: 12-23
14. Daegling DJ (2002) Bone geometry in cercopithecoid mandibles. Archs Oral Biol 47: 315-325
15. Daegling D, Hotzman J (2003) Functional significance of cortical bone distribution in anthropoid mandibles: An in vitro assessment of bone strain under combined loads. Am J Phys Anthropol 122: 38-50
16. Davies HMS, McCarthy RN, Jeffcott LB (1993) Surface strain on the dorsal metacarpus of thoroughbreds at different speeds and gaits. Acta Anat: 148-153
17. Dechow PC, Hylander WL (2000) Elastic properties amd masticatory bone stress in the macaque mandible. Am J Phys Anthropol 112: 541-552
18. Demes B, Stern JTJ, Hausman MR, Larson SG, McLeod KJ, Rubin CT (1998) Patterns of strain in the macaque ulna during functional activity. Am J Phys Anthropol 106: 87-100
19. De Ricqles AJ (1975) On bone histology of fossil and living reptiles, with comments on its functional and evolutionary significance. In: d'A Bellairs A, Cox CB (Eds) Morphology and Biology of Reptiles. Academic Press: London, pp 123-149
20. Enlow DH (1969) The bone of reptiles. In: Gans C, d'A Bellairs A (Eds) Biology of the Reptilia: 1A. Academic Press: London, pp 45-80
21. Herring SE, Liu ZJ (2000) Loading of the temporomandibular joint: Anatomical and in vivo evidence from the bones. Cell Tiss Organs 169: 193-200
22. Herring SW, Rafferty KL, Liu ZJ, Marshall CD (2001) Jaw muscles and the skull in mammals: the biomechanics of mastication. Comp Biochem Physiol Part A: Mol Integrative Physiol 131: 207-219
23. Herring SW, Teng S (2000) Strain in the braincase and its sutures during function. Am J Phys Anthropol 112: 575-593
24. Herring SW, Teng S, Huang X, Mucci R, Freeman J (1996) Patterns of bone strain in the zygomatic arch. Anat Rec 246: 446-455
25. Hibbeler RC (2000) Mechanics of Materials, Third Ed. Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, New Jersey
26. Hogue A, Ravosa MJ (2001) Transverse masticatory movements, occlusal orientation, and symphyseal fusion in selenodont artiodactyls. J Morphol 249: 221-241
27. Hsieh Y-F, Robling AG, Ambrosius WT, Burr D, Turner CH (2001) Mechanical loading of diaphyseal bone in vivo: the strain threshold for an osteogenic response varies with location. J Bone Miner Res 16: 2291-2297
28. Hylander WL (1979 a) Mandibular function in Galago crassicaudatus and Macaca fascicularis: An in vivo approach to stress analysis of the mandible. J Morphol 159: 253-296
29. Hylander WL (1979 b) The functional significance of primate mandibular form. J Morphol 160: 223-240
30. Hylander WL (1985) Mandibular function and biomechanical stress and scaling. Am Zool 25: 315-330
31. Hylander WL (1988) Implications of in vivo experiments for interpreting the functional significance of "robust" australopithecine jaws. In: Grine FE (Ed) Evolutionary History of the "Robust" Australopithecines. Aldine de Gruyter, New York, pp 55-83
32. Hylander WL, Bays R (1979) In vivo strain gauge analysis of the dentary squamosal joint reaction force during mastication and incisal biting in Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis. Archs Oral Biol 24: 689-697
33. Hylander WL, Johnson KR (1992) Strain gradients in the craniofacial region of primates. In: Davidovich Z (Ed) The Biological Mechanisms of Tooth Movement and Craniofacial Adaptation. Ohio State University: Columbus, Ohio, pp 559-569
34. Hylander WL, Johnson KR (1997) In vivo bone strain patterns in the zygomatic arch of macaques and the significance of these patterns for functional interpretations of craniofacial form. Am J Phys Anthropol 102: 203-232
35. Hylander WL, Ravosa MJ (1992) An analysis of the supraorbital region of primates: a morphometric and experimental approach. In: Smith P, Tchernov E (Eds) Structure, Function and Evolution of Teeth. Freund Publishing House Ltd: London, pp 223-255
36. Hylander WL, Picq PG, Johnson KR (1991) Function of the supraorbital region of primates. Archs Oral Biol 36: 273-281
37. Jenkins I, Thomason JJ, Norman DB (2002) Primates and engineering principles: applications to craniodental mechanisms in ancient terrestrial predators. Senckenbergiana lethaea 82: 223-240
38. Kakudo Y, Ishida A, Yoshimoto S (1973) Strains in the dog's jaw bones following implant insertion and a photoelestic study of implants and the jaw bones. J Osaka Dent Univ 7: 31-42
39. Lanyon LE, Goodship AE, Pye CJ, MacFie JH (1982) Mechanically adaptive bone remodelling. J Biomech 15: 141-154
40. Lieberman DE, Pearson OM, Polk JD, Demes B, Crompton AW (2003) Optimization of bone growth and remodeling in response to loading in tapered mammalian limbs. J Exp Biol 206: 3125-3138
41. Lieberman DE, Krovitz GE, Yates FW, Deulin M, St. Claire M (2004) Effects of food processing on masticatory strain and cramiofacial growth in a retrograthic face. J. hum. Evol 46: 647-789
42. Liu ZJ, Herring SE (2000 a) Bone surface strains and internal bony pressures at the jaw joint of the miniature pig during masticatory muscle contraction. Archs Oral Biol 45: 95-112
43. Liu ZJ, Herring SE (2000 b) Masticatory strains on osseous and ligamentous components of the temporomandibular joint in miniature pigs. J Orofac Pain 14: 265-278
44. Moss ML, Young RW (1960) A functional approach to craniology. Am J Phys Anthropol 18: 281-292
45. Nunamaker DM, Butterweck DM, Provost MT (1990) Fatigue fractures in thoroughbred racehorses: relationships with age, peak bone strain and training. J Orthopaed Res 8: 604-611
46. Preuschoft H, Demes B, Meier M, Bär HF (1986) The biomechanical principles realised in the upper jaw of long-snouted primates. In: Else J, Lee PC (Eds) Primate Evolution. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, pp 249-164
47. Preuschoft H, Demes B, Meier M, Bär HF (1986) Les principes mécaniques réalisés dans la machoire supérieure des vertebrés a museau long. In: Sakka M (Ed) Définition et origines de l'homme. Edition CNRS: Paris, pp 177-202
48. Rafferty KL, Herring SE, Artese F (2000) Three-dimensional loading and growth of the zygomatic arch. J Exp Biol 203: 2093-3004
49. Ravosa MJ (1988) Browridge development in Cercopithecidae: A test of two models. Am J Phys Anthropol 76: 535-555
50. Ravosa MJ (1990) Functional assessment of subfamily variation in maxillomandibular morphology among Old World Monkeys. Am J Phys Anthropol 82: 199-212
51. Ravosa MJ (1991 a) Interspecific perspective on mechanical and nonmechanical models of primate circumorbital morphology. Am J Phys Anthropol 86: 369-396
52. Ravosa MJ (1991 b) Ontogenetic perspective on mechanical and non-mechanical models of primate circumorbital morphology. Am J Phys Anthropol 85: 95-112
53. Ravosa MJ (1991 c) Structural allometry of the mandibular corpus and symphysis in prosimian primates. J Hum Evol 20: 3-20
54. Ravosa MJ (1996) Mandibular form and function in North American and European Adapidae and Omomyidae. J Morphol 229: 171-190
55. Ravosa MJ, Johnson KR, Hylander WL (2000 a) Strain in the galago facial skull. J Morphol 245: 51-66
56. Ravosa MJ, Noble VE, Hylander WL, Johnson KR, Kowalski EM (2000 b) Masticatory stress, orbital orientation and the evolution of the primate postorbital bar. J Hum Evol 38: 667-693
57. Rayfield EJ, Norman DB, Horner CC, Horner JR, Smith PM, Thomason JJ, Upchurch P (2001) Cranial design and function in a large theropod dinosaur. Nature 409: 1033-1037
58. Ross CF (2001) In vivo function of the craniofacial haft: the interorbital "illar". Am J Phys Anthropol 116: 108-139
59. Ross C, Hylander WL (1996) In vivo and in vitro bone strain in owl monkey circumorbital region and the function of the post-orbital septum. Am J Phys Anthropol 101: 183-215
60. Rybicki EF, Mills EJ, Turner AS, Simonen FA (1977) In vivo and analytical studies of forces and moments in equine long bones. J Biomech 10: 701-705
61. Shea BT (1986) Phylogeny and skull form in the hominoid primates. In: Schwartz JH (Ed) Orang-utan Biology. Oxford University Press: Oxford, pp 233-245
62. Thomason JJ (1991) Cranial strength in relation to estimated biting forces in some mammals. Can J Zool 69: 2326-2333
63. Thomason JJ, Grovum LE, Deswysen AG, Bignell WW (2001) In vivo surface strain and stereology of the frontal and maxillary bones of sheep: implications for the structural design of the mammalian skull. Anat Rec 264: 325-338
64. van Drongelen W, Dullemeijer P (1982) The feeding apparatus of Caiman crocodilus: a functional morphological study. Anat Anz 151: 337-366
65. Vinyard C, Ravosa MJ (1998) Ontogeny, function, and scaling of the mandibular symphysis in papionin primates. J Morphol 235: 157-175
66. Weijs WA, De Jong JH (1977) Strain in mandibular alveolar bone during mastication in the rabbit. Archs Oral Biol 22: 667-675
67. Witzel U, Preuschoft H (1999) The bony roof of the nose in humans and other primates. Zool Anz 238: 103-115
68. Witzel U, Preuschoft H (2002) Function-dependent shape characteristics of the human skull. Anthropol Anz 60:113-135
69. Wolff JEA (1984) A theoretical approach to solve the chin problem. In: Chivers D, Wood B, Bilsborough A (Eds) Food Acquisition and Processing in Primates. Plenum Press: New York, pp 391-405