Pretransplant fertilization of containerized Picea mariana seedlings: Calibration and bioassay growth response

Canadian Journal of Forest Research

Volumn 34, Issue 10, 2004, Pages 2089-2098

  Timmer, V R ^a   Teng, Y ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FERTILIZERS; FORESTRY; PLANTS (BOTANY); SOILS;

PICEA MARIANA SEEDLINGS; ROOT PLUGS; TRANSPLANTING;

SEED;

BIOASSAY; BOREAL FOREST; FERTILIZER APPLICATION; GROWTH RESPONSE; SEEDLING;

FERTILIZERS; FORESTS; PICEA MARIANA; ROOTS; SOIL;

PICEA; PICEA MARIANA;

EID: 11244255462     PISSN: 00455067     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/X04-088     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Allen, S.E. (Editor). 1974. Chemical analysis of ecological materials. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
2. Arnott, J.T., and Burdett, A.N. 1988. Early growth of planted western hemlock in relation to stock type and controlled-release fertilizer application. Can. J. For. Res. 18: 710-717.
3. Bigras, F.J., Gonzalez, A., D'Aoust, A.L., and Hebert, C. 1996. Frost hardiness, bud phenology and growth of containerized Picea mariana seedlings grown at three nitrogen levels and three temperature regimes. New For. 12: 243-259.
4. Boivin, J.R., Miller, B.D., and Timmer, V.R. 2002. Late-season fertilization of Picea mariana seedlings under greenhouse culture: biomass and nutrient dynamics. Ann. For. Sci. 59: 255-264.
5. Brockley, R.P. 1988. The effects of fertilization on the early growth of planted seedlings: a problem analysis. Forestry Canada, Ottawa, Ont. FRDA Rep. 0835-0752:011.
6. Burdett, A.N. 1990. Physiological processes in plantation establishment and the development of specification for forest planting stock. Can. J. For. Res. 20: 415-427.
7. Colombo, S.J., Zhao, S., and Blumwald, E. 1995. Forest hardiness gradients in shoots and roots of Picea mariana seedlings. Scan. J. For. Res. 10: 32-36.
8. Folk, R.S., Timmer, V.R., and Scarratt J.B. 1992. Evaluating peat as a growing medium for jack pine seedlings. 1. Conventional quality indices. Can. J. For. Res. 22: 945-949.
9. Foster, N.W., and Morrison, I.K. 1986. Growth response of a boreal black spruce stand to fertilizer treatments. Nor. J. Appl. For. 3: 142-144.
10. Gagnon, J., Langlois, C.G., and Fortin, J.A. 1986. Growth and ectomycorrhiza formation of containerized black spruce seedlings as affected by nitrogen fertilization, inoculum type, and symbiont. Can. J. For. Res. 18: 922-929.
11. Glerum, C. 1985. Frost hardiness of coniferous seedlings: principles and applications. In Proceedings: Evaluating Seedling Quality: Principles, Procedures, and Predictive Abilities of Major Tests, 16-18 October 1984, Corvallis, Oregon. Edited by M.L. Duryea. Forest Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis. pp. 107-123.
12. Haase, D.L., and Rose, R. (Editors). 1997. Symposium Proceedings: Forest Seedling Nutrition from the Nursery to the Field, 28-29 October 1997, Corvallis, Oregon. Nursery Technology Cooperative, Oregon State University, Corvallis.
13. 15nitrogen-labeled controlled-release fertilizer. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 67: 300-308.
14. Imo, M., and Timmer, V.R. 2002. Growth and nutritional interactions of nutrient loaded black spruce seedlings with neighbouring natural vegetation under greenhouse conditions. For. Sci. 48: 69-76.
15. Jacobs, D.F., Rose, R., and Haase, D.L. 2003. Development of Douglas-fir seedling root architecture in response to localized nutrient supply. Can. J. For. Res. 33: 118-125.
16. Jose, S., Merritt, S., Ramsey, C.L. 2003. Growth, nutrition, photosynthesis and transpiration responses of longleaf pine seedlings to light, water and nitrogen. For. Ecol. Manage. 180: 335-344.
17. Juntunen, M.L., Hammar, T., and Rikala, R. 2002. Leaching of nitrogen and phosphorus during production of forest seedlings in containers. J. Environ. Qual. 31: 1868-1874.
18. Juntunen, M.L., Hammar, T., and Rikala, R. 2003. Nitrogen and phosphorus leaching and uptake by container birch seedlings (Betula pendula Roth) grown in three different fertilizations. New For. 25: 133-147.
19. Landis, T.D., Tinus, R.W., McDonald, S.E., and Barnett, J.P. 1989. The container tree nursery manual. Vol. 4. Seedling nutrition and irrigation. USDA Agric. Handb. 674.
20. Lowther, J.R. 1980. Use of a single sulfuric-hydrogen peroxide digest for the analysis of Pinus radiata needles. Commu. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 11: 175-188.
21. Lamhamedi, M.S., Margolis, H., Renaud, M., Veilleux, L., and Auger, I. 2003. Effets de differentes régies d'irrigation sur la croissance, la nutrition minérale et le lessivage des éléments nutritifs des semis d'épinette noire (1 + 0) produits en récipients à parois ajourées en pépinière forestière. Can. J. For. Res. 33: 279-291.
22. Malik, V., and Timmer, V.R. 1996. Growth, nutrient dynamics and inter-specific competition of nutrient loaded black spruce seedlings on a boreal mixedwood site. Can. J. For. Res. 26: 1651-1659.
23. McCarthy, T.G., Arnup, R.W., Nieppola, J., Merchant, B.G., Taylor, K.C., Parton, W.J. 1994. Field guide for forest ecosystems of northeastern Ontario. NEST Field Guide FG-001. MNR, Timmins, Ont.
24. Miller, B.D., and Timmer, V.R. 1997. Nutrient dynamics and carbon partitioning in nutrient loaded Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P. seedlings during hardening. Scan. J. For. Res. 12: 122-129.
25. Munson, A.D., and Timmer, V.R. 1989. Site-specific growth and nutrition of planted Picea mariana in the Ontario Clay Belt. II. Nitrogen fertilizer effect. Can. J. For. Res. 19: 171-178.
26. Phillion, B.J., and Bunting, W.R. 1983. Growth of spruce seedlings at various soluble fertilizer levels. USDA For. Serv. Tree Plant.' Notes, 34. pp. 31-33.
27. Prasad, M., Spiers, T.M., and Ravenwood, I.C. 1981. Soil testing of horticultural substrates I. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 12: 811-823.
28. Quoreshi, A.M., and Timmer, V.R. 1998. Exponential fertilization increases nutrient uptake and ectomycorrhizal development of black spruce seedlings. Can. J. For. Res. 28: 674-682.
29. Quoreshi, A.M., and Timmer, V.R. 2000. Growth, nutrient dynamics and ectomycorrhizal development of container-grown Picea mariana seedlings in response to exponential nutrient loading. Can. J. For. Res. 30: 191-201.
30. Salifu, K.F., and Tmmer, V.R. 2001. Nutrient retranslocation response of Picea mariana to nitrogen supply. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 65: 905-913.
31. Salifu, K.F., and Timmer, V.R. 2003. Optimization nitrogen loading response of Picea mariana seedlings during nursery culture. Can. J. For. Res. 33: 1287-1294.
32. SAS Institute Inc. 1999. SAS user's guide, version 8.2 [computer program]. SAS Institute Inc. Cary, N.Y.
33. Schuman, G.E., Stanley, M.A., and Knudsen, D. 1973. Automated total nitrogen analysis of soil and plant samples. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 37: 480-481.
34. Sheedy, G. 1982. Results of NPK fertilization of young plantations of Norway spruce, black spruce and jack pine established on two site types. Note, Service de la Recherche Terres et Forets Quebec. No. 18. p. 9.
35. Stamps, R., and Evans, M. 1997. Growth of Dieffenbachia maculata 'Camille' in growing media containing sphagnum peat of coconut coir dust. Hortscience, 32: 844-847.
36. 15N between early successional plants and planted white spruce seedlings. Can. J. For. Res. 298: 1282-1289.
37. Timmer, V.R. 1991. Interpretation of seedling analysis and symptoms. In Mineral Nutrition of Conifer seedlings. Edited by R. van den Driessche. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton, Fla. pp. 113-134.
38. Timmer, V.R., and Folk, R.S. 1992. Evaluating peat as a growing medium for jack pine seedlings. 2. Fertilizer-based indices. Can. J. For. Res. 22: 949-954.
39. Timmer, V.R., and Parton, W.J. 1984. Optimum nutrient levels in container growing medium determined by a saturated aqueous extract. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 15: 607-618.
40. Thomas, G.W. 1982. Exchangeable cation. In Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Edited by A.L. Page, R.H. Miller, and D.R. Keeney. Chemical and microbiological properties. Agronomy, 9(2): 159-166.
41. van den Driessche, R. 1980. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilization on Douglas-fir nursery growth and survival after outplanting. Can. J. F. Res. 10: 65-70.