Disruptive writing and a critique of territoriality

Review of International Studies

Volumn 30, Issue 2, 2004, Pages

  Rajaram, Prem Kumar ^a  

^a NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE   (Singapore)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 11144356823     PISSN: 02602105     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0260210504006011     Document Type: Review

References (86)

1. Homi Bhabha, 'The White Stuff', Artforum (May 1998), pp. 21-24, at p. 24.
2. Suvendrini Perera, 'A Line in the Sea', Race & Class, 44:2, pp. 23-39, at p. 25. Perera is partly citing from Joseph Conrad, Lord Jim (New York: Norton, 1968).
3. Suvendrini Perera, 'A Line in the Sea', Race & Class, 44:2, pp. 23-39, at p. 25. Perera is partly citing from Joseph Conrad, Lord Jim (New York: Norton, 1968).
4. Kenan Ferguson, 'Unmapping and Remapping the World: Foreign Policy as Aesthetic Practice', in Michael J Shapiro and Hayward Alker (eds.), Challenging Boundaries: Global Flows, Territorial Identities (Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1996), pp. 165-7.
5. Roland Bleiker, 'Forget IR Theory', Alternatives: Social Transformation and Humane Governance, 22: 1 (1997), pp. 57-85.
6. Michael Dillon, 'The Scandal of the Refugee: Some Reflections on the "Inter" of International Relations and Continental Thought', in David Campbell and Michael J Shapiro (eds.), Moral Spaces: Rethinking Ethics and World Politics (Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1999), p. 95.
7. Michael Dillon, 'Another Justice', Political Theory, 27: 2 (1999), pp. 155-75, at p. 162.
8. Michael J. Shapiro, Violent Cartographies: Mapping Cultures of War (Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1997), p. 38; Roland Bleiker, Popular Dissent, Human Agency and Global Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), p. 17.
9. Michael J. Shapiro, Violent Cartographies: Mapping Cultures of War (Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1997), p. 38; Roland Bleiker, Popular Dissent, Human Agency and Global Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), p. 17.
10. Árpád Göncz, Homecoming and Other Stories, Katharina M. and Christopher C. Wilson (trans.) (Budapest: Corvina, 1991); Tadeusz Borowski, This Way for the Gas Ladies and Gentlemen, trans. Barbara Vedder (London: Penguin, 1976); Naiyer Masud, The Essence of Camphor (Delhi: Katha, 1998).
11. Árpád Göncz, Homecoming and Other Stories, Katharina M. and Christopher C. Wilson (trans.) (Budapest: Corvina, 1991); Tadeusz Borowski, This Way for the Gas Ladies and Gentlemen, trans. Barbara Vedder (London: Penguin, 1976); Naiyer Masud, The Essence of Camphor (Delhi: Katha, 1998).
12. Árpád Göncz, Homecoming and Other Stories, Katharina M. and Christopher C. Wilson (trans.) (Budapest: Corvina, 1991); Tadeusz Borowski, This Way for the Gas Ladies and Gentlemen, trans. Barbara Vedder (London: Penguin, 1976); Naiyer Masud, The Essence of Camphor (Delhi: Katha, 1998).
13. I use the term 'de-limitation' here as Jacques Derrida uses it. As Beatrice Hanssen notes, Derrida uses the 'hyphenated term de-limitation' to indicate a dual meaning. First, a desire for the articulation of borders or frontiers that corral thought. Second, the prefix 'de' can take on a negating role, and here the term is used by Derrida to show the excess that confounds the drive to find limits. Beatrice Hanssen, Walter Benjamin's Other History: Of Stones, Animals, Human Beings and Angels (Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press, 1998), p. 167, n.8. Derrida is thus demonstrating the ironic ambiguity inherent in the attempt to control and clarify.
14. Judith Butler, 'Contingent Foundations', in Judith Butler and Joan W. Scott (eds.), Feminists Theorize the Political (New York: Routledge, 1992), pp. 12-14.
15. Samuel Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996), p. 30; cited by Michael J Shapiro, 'Samuel Huntington's Moral Geography', Theory and Event, 24. 〈http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/theory_&_event/v002/2.4shapiro.html〉
16. Samuel Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996), p. 30; cited by Michael J Shapiro, 'Samuel Huntington's Moral Geography', Theory and Event, 24. 〈http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/theory_&_event/v002/2.4shapiro.html〉
17. James Sidaway, 'Signifying Boundaries: Detours around the Portuguese-Spanish (Algarve/Alentejo-Andalucía) Borderlands', Geopolitics, 7:1 (2002), pp. 139-64, at p. 140.
18. Anthony Burke, 'The Perverse Perseverance of Sovereignty', Borderlands E-journal, 1:2 (2002).
19. Michael Dillon and Julian Reid, 'Global Liberal Governance: Biopolitics, Security and War', Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 30:1 (2001), pp. 41-66.
20. Giorgio Agamben, Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life, trans. Daniel Heller-Roazen (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1998).
21. Anthony Burke, 'The Perverse Perseverance of Sovereignty', Borderlands E-journal, 1:2 (2002).
22. Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, Empire (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000).
23. Theodor Adorno, Aesthetic Theory, trans. Robert Hullot-Kentor (London: The Athlone Press, 1997), p. 139.
24. Christoph Menke, The Sovereignty of Art: Aesthetic Negativity in Adorno and Derrida, trans. Neil Solomon (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1999); Prem Kumar Rajaram, 'Theodor Adorno's Aesthetic Understanding: An Ethical Method for IR?', Alternatives: Global Local Political, 27:3 (2002), pp. 351-72; Roland Bleiker, 'The Aesthetic Turn in Political Theory', Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 30:3 (2001), pp. 509-33.
25. Christoph Menke, The Sovereignty of Art: Aesthetic Negativity in Adorno and Derrida, trans. Neil Solomon (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1999); Prem Kumar Rajaram, 'Theodor Adorno's Aesthetic Understanding: An Ethical Method for IR?', Alternatives: Global Local Political, 27:3 (2002), pp. 351-72; Roland Bleiker, 'The Aesthetic Turn in Political Theory', Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 30:3 (2001), pp. 509-33.
26. Christoph Menke, The Sovereignty of Art: Aesthetic Negativity in Adorno and Derrida, trans. Neil Solomon (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1999); Prem Kumar Rajaram, 'Theodor Adorno's Aesthetic Understanding: An Ethical Method for IR?', Alternatives: Global Local Political, 27:3 (2002), pp. 351-72; Roland Bleiker, 'The Aesthetic Turn in Political Theory', Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 30:3 (2001), pp. 509-33.
27. Adorno, Aesthetic Theory, p. 138.
28. I b i d.
29. It must not be forgotten though that Adorno has a strangely Eurocentric view of art. See Robert Witkin, Adorno on Music (London: Routledge, 1998) and Raymond Geuss, 'Art and Criticism in Adorno's Ethics', European Journal of Philosophy, 6:3 (1998), pp. 297-317.
30. It must not be forgotten though that Adorno has a strangely Eurocentric view of art. See Robert Witkin, Adorno on Music (London: Routledge, 1998) and Raymond Geuss, 'Art and Criticism in Adorno's Ethics', European Journal of Philosophy, 6:3 (1998), pp. 297-317.
31. Adorno, Aesthetic Theory, p. 145.
32. Ibid., p. 255.
33. Muhammad Umar Memon, 'Introduction', in Masud, Essence of Camphor, no page number.
34. Ana María Alonso, 'The Politics of Space, Time and Substance: State Formation, Nationalism and Ethnicity', Annual Review of Anthropology, 24 (1994), pp. 379-405.
35. Memon, 'Introduction', no page number.
36. Masud, Essence of Camphor, p. 89.
37. Ibid., p. 156.
38. Ibid., p. 154.
39. Ibid., p. 154.
40. Ibid., p. 144.
41. Ibid., p. 154.
42. Ibid., p. 164.
43. Homi Bhabha, 'Remembering Fanon: Self, Psyche and the Colonial Condition', in Patrick Williams and Laura Chrisman (eds.), Colonial Discourse and Pre-Colonial Theory: A Reader (New York: Columbia University Press, 1994).
44. Jacques Derrida, Adieu to Emmanuel Levinas, trans. Pascale-Anne Brault and Michael Naas (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1999), p. 52. Author's emphases.
45. Derrida, Adieu, pp. 52-3.
46. Patricia Tuitt, 'Rethinking the Refugee Concept', in Frances Nicholson and Patrick Twomey, Refugee Rights and Realities: Evolving International Concepts and Regimes (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999); Liisa H. Malkki, 'Refugees and Exile: From "Refugee Studies" to the National Order of Things', Annual Review of Anthropology, 24 (1995), pp. 495-523; and Audrey Macklin, 'Refugee Women and the Imperative of Categories', Human Rights Quarterly, 17 (1995), pp. 213-77.
47. Patricia Tuitt, 'Rethinking the Refugee Concept', in Frances Nicholson and Patrick Twomey, Refugee Rights and Realities: Evolving International Concepts and Regimes (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999); Liisa H. Malkki, 'Refugees and Exile: From "Refugee Studies" to the National Order of Things', Annual Review of Anthropology, 24 (1995), pp. 495-523; and Audrey Macklin, 'Refugee Women and the Imperative of Categories', Human Rights Quarterly, 17 (1995), pp. 213-77.
48. Patricia Tuitt, 'Rethinking the Refugee Concept', in Frances Nicholson and Patrick Twomey, Refugee Rights and Realities: Evolving International Concepts and Regimes (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999); Liisa H. Malkki, 'Refugees and Exile: From "Refugee Studies" to the National Order of Things', Annual Review of Anthropology, 24 (1995), pp. 495-523; and Audrey Macklin, 'Refugee Women and the Imperative of Categories', Human Rights Quarterly, 17 (1995), pp. 213-77.
49. Göncz, Homecoming, pp. 49-57.
50. Ibid., p. 50. Author's emphases.
51. Ibid., pp. 56-7.
52. Derrida, Adieu, p. 54.
53. Ibid., p. 55.
54. Ibid., p. 56.
55. Bhabha, 'Remembering Fanon', p. 119.
56. Ibid., pp. 118-19.
57. Borowski, This Way for the Gas.
58. Cited by Jan Kott, 'Introduction', in Tadeusz Borowski, This Way for the Gas, p. 22.
59. A kapo was a prisoner, but non-Jew, who had certain privileges and was in command of a group of other prisoners. Borowski concurs with other concentration camp testimonies in his portrayal of the especial brutality of kapos.
60. Primo Levi, If This is a Man (London: Abacus Sphere Books, 1987).
61. Walter Benjamin, Illuminations, trans. Harry Zorn (London: Pimlico, 1999), p. 248.
62. Bhabha, 'Remembering Fanon', p. 115.
63. Tadeusz Borowski, Selected Poems, trans. Tadeusz Pioro with Larry Rafferty and Meryl Natchez (Walnut Creek, CA: Hit & Run Press, 1990), Reproduced on the internet at: 〈http://www-unix.oit.umass.edu/~clin121/Gas/ poems.htm〉 and at 〈http://hunzal.tripod.com/borowski/index.html〉
64. Borowski, Selected Poems.
65. Benjamin, Illuminations, p. 254.
66. I b i d.
67. Ibid., p. 245.
68. Ibid., p. 252.
69. Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (DIMIA), Fact Sheet 76: Offshore Processing Arrangements, Canberra: DIMIA Public Affairs Section, 5 July 2002.
70. Colin Brown and Francis Elliott, 'Migrants: Britain Seeks Refuge in Albania', The Age, 10 March, 2003; lan Burrell and Stephen Castle, 'Plans to Return Refugees to 'Holding Areas' in Eastern Europe', The Independent, 6 February 2003.
71. Colin Brown and Francis Elliott, 'Migrants: Britain Seeks Refuge in Albania', The Age, 10 March, 2003; lan Burrell and Stephen Castle, 'Plans to Return Refugees to 'Holding Areas' in Eastern Europe', The Independent, 6 February 2003.
72. Suvendrini Perera has looked at the vastly different ethics of hospitality and the subversiveness of the word 'guest' used to describe people that the Australian state saw as threats and unwelcome. See Perera, 'A Line in the Sea', Race & Class, 44:2 (2002), pp. 23-39.
73. Penelope Mathew, 'Australian Refugee Protection in the Wake of the Tampa', The American Journal of International Law, 96 (2002), pp. 661-76; at p. 662. She is referring to Ruddock (Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs) v. Vadarlis (2001), 110 FCR 491 (Fed. Ct.), paras. 212-15.
74. It is telling that the original ruling stating that the asylum-seekers had been detained illegally and were to be returned to Australia (where they could be placed in legal detention!) was made on the morning of 11 September 2001 (Australian time), that is before the twin towers fell. In the appeal about a week later, the appeal judges may have responded to growing fears about the threat of aliens to Australian security. For a more detailed tracing of the links between the Pacific Solution and fears of terrorism see Prem Kumar Rajaram, '"Making Place": The "Pacific Solution" and Australian Emplacement in the Pacific and on Refugee Bodies', Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 24:3 (2003), pp. 290-306.
75. Mathew, 'Australian Refugee Protection', p. 662. She is referring to Ruddock v. Vadarlis paras. 193 and 202.
76. Australia operates a regime of 'Temporary Protection' for all asylum-seekers who entered the country illegally. Such asylum-seekers are granted three-year rolling visas. They are temporarily protected until they can be repatriated. People with these visas cannot bring immediate family members to Australia.
77. Tony Stephens, 'Poet's Words From Behind the Wire', Sydney Morning Herald, 9 October 2002.
78. Mohsen Soltanyzand, 'When It Rains', 〈http://www.stickylabel.com.au/ mohsen.html〉
79. Mohsen Sotanyzand, 'The Wall', 〈http:://www.stickylabel.com.au/ mohsen.html〉
80. Mehmet al Assad, 'Asylum', borderlands e-journal 1:1. 〈http://www.borderlandsejournal.adelaide.edu.au〉
81. Phillip Ruddock, Australian Immigration Minister - Address to UNHCR Executive Committee Meeting Speech by Philip Ruddock to United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Executive Committee Meeting, 30 September - 4 October 2002, Geneva, Switzerland, 〈http://www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/ speeches/20020930_unhcr.htm〉
82. Mohsen Soltanyzand, 'Don't Cry For Me', 〈http://www.sticklylabel. com.au/mohsen.html〉
83. Deborah Esch, In the Event: Reading Journalism, Reading Theory (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1999), p. 2.
84. Dillon, 'The Scandal of the Refugee', p. 95.
85. BBC Online, Australia Unmoved by Migrants' Strike', 20 January 2002.
86. Patrick Barkham, 'PM Calls Asylum Protest Blackmail', The Guardian, 26 January 2002.