Between Galen, Geddes, and the Gael: Arthur Brock, modernity, and medical humanism in early-twentieth-century Scotland

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences

Volumn 60, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 1-41

  Cantor, David ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

"Back to the Land," cancer; Ancient Greece; Ancient medicine; Arthur J. Brock; Celtic revivalism; Classical revivalism; Craiglockhart War Hospital; Edinburgh; Ergotherapy; Gael; Medical humanism; Medical sociology; Neurasthenia; Patrick Geddes

Indexed keywords

ART; HISTORY; HUMAN; HUMANISM; PHILOSOPHY; REVIEW; SOCIAL CHANGE; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; SOCIOLOGY; UNITED KINGDOM; WAR;

HISTORY, 19TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HISTORY, ANCIENT; HUMANISM; HUMANS; PHILOSOPHY, MEDICAL; PORTRAITS; SCOTLAND; SOCIAL CHANGE; SOCIAL VALUES; SOCIOLOGY, MEDICAL; WORLD WAR I;

EID: 11144302923     PISSN: 00225045     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jri001     Document Type: Review

References (221)

1. Arthur J. Brock, Health and Conduct (London: Williams and Norgate, 1923), p. 118. On the debates about the abolition of compulsory classics, see Christopher Stray, Classics Transformed: Schools, Universities, and Society in England, 1830-1960 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998), esp. chap. 9. Present-day historians would agree with Brock's identification of a revival of classical humanism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, albeit questioning his characterization of nineteenth-century interest in the classics as little more than mental gymnastics. Frank M. Turner, The Greek Heritage in Victorian Britain (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1981); Richard Jenkyns, The Victorians and Ancient Greece (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1980); G. W. Clarke, ed., Rediscovering Hellenism: The Hellenic Inheritance and the English Imagination (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989). For its changing significance after World War I, see Stray, Classics Transformed.
2. Arthur J. Brock, Health and Conduct (London: Williams and Norgate, 1923), p. 118. On the debates about the abolition of compulsory classics, see Christopher Stray, Classics Transformed: Schools, Universities, and Society in England, 1830-1960 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998), esp. chap. 9. Present-day historians would agree with Brock's identification of a revival of classical humanism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, albeit questioning his characterization of nineteenth-century interest in the classics as little more than mental gymnastics. Frank M. Turner, The Greek Heritage in Victorian Britain (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1981); Richard Jenkyns, The Victorians and Ancient Greece (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1980); G. W. Clarke, ed., Rediscovering Hellenism: The Hellenic Inheritance and the English Imagination (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989). For its changing significance after World War I, see Stray, Classics Transformed.
3. Arthur J. Brock, Health and Conduct (London: Williams and Norgate, 1923), p. 118. On the debates about the abolition of compulsory classics, see Christopher Stray, Classics Transformed: Schools, Universities, and Society in England, 1830-1960 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998), esp. chap. 9. Present-day historians would agree with Brock's identification of a revival of classical humanism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, albeit questioning his characterization of nineteenth-century interest in the classics as little more than mental gymnastics. Frank M. Turner, The Greek Heritage in Victorian Britain (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1981); Richard Jenkyns, The Victorians and Ancient Greece (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1980); G. W. Clarke, ed., Rediscovering Hellenism: The Hellenic Inheritance and the English Imagination (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989). For its changing significance after World War I, see Stray, Classics Transformed.
4. Arthur J. Brock, Health and Conduct (London: Williams and Norgate, 1923), p. 118. On the debates about the abolition of compulsory classics, see Christopher Stray, Classics Transformed: Schools, Universities, and Society in England, 1830-1960 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998), esp. chap. 9. Present-day historians would agree with Brock's identification of a revival of classical humanism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, albeit questioning his characterization of nineteenth-century interest in the classics as little more than mental gymnastics. Frank M. Turner, The Greek Heritage in Victorian Britain (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1981); Richard Jenkyns, The Victorians and Ancient Greece (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1980); G. W. Clarke, ed., Rediscovering Hellenism: The Hellenic Inheritance and the English Imagination (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989). For its changing significance after World War I, see Stray, Classics Transformed.
5. Arthur J. Brock, Health and Conduct (London: Williams and Norgate, 1923), p. 118. On the debates about the abolition of compulsory classics, see Christopher Stray, Classics Transformed: Schools, Universities, and Society in England, 1830-1960 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998), esp. chap. 9. Present-day historians would agree with Brock's identification of a revival of classical humanism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, albeit questioning his characterization of nineteenth-century interest in the classics as little more than mental gymnastics. Frank M. Turner, The Greek Heritage in Victorian Britain (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1981); Richard Jenkyns, The Victorians and Ancient Greece (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1980); G. W. Clarke, ed., Rediscovering Hellenism: The Hellenic Inheritance and the English Imagination (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989). For its changing significance after World War I, see Stray, Classics Transformed.
6. Arthur J. Brock, Health and Conduct (London: Williams and Norgate, 1923), p. 118. On the debates about the abolition of compulsory classics, see Christopher Stray, Classics Transformed: Schools, Universities, and Society in England, 1830-1960 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998), esp. chap. 9. Present-day historians would agree with Brock's identification of a revival of classical humanism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, albeit questioning his characterization of nineteenth-century interest in the classics as little more than mental gymnastics. Frank M. Turner, The Greek Heritage in Victorian Britain (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1981); Richard Jenkyns, The Victorians and Ancient Greece (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1980); G. W. Clarke, ed., Rediscovering Hellenism: The Hellenic Inheritance and the English Imagination (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989). For its changing significance after World War I, see Stray, Classics Transformed.
7. Christopher Lawrence, "Incommunicable Knowledge: Science, Technology and the Clinical Art in Britain, 1850-1914,"J. Contemp. Hist., 1985, 20, 503-20; Christopher Lawrence, "Still Incommunicable: Clinical Holists and Medical Knowledge in Interwar Britain," in Greater Than the Parts: Holism in Biomedicine, 1920-1930, ed. Christopher Lawrence and George Weisz (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. 94-111. See also David Cantor, "The NAME and the WORD: Neo-Hippocratism and Language in Inter-War Britain," in Reinventing Hippocrates, ed. David Cantor (Aldershot, Hampshire: Ashgate, 2001), pp. 280-301.
8. Christopher Lawrence, "Incommunicable Knowledge: Science, Technology and the Clinical Art in Britain, 1850-1914,"J. Contemp. Hist., 1985, 20, 503-20; Christopher Lawrence, "Still Incommunicable: Clinical Holists and Medical Knowledge in Interwar Britain," in Greater Than the Parts: Holism in Biomedicine, 1920-1930, ed. Christopher Lawrence and George Weisz (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. 94-111. See also David Cantor, "The NAME and the WORD: Neo-Hippocratism and Language in Inter-War Britain," in Reinventing Hippocrates, ed. David Cantor (Aldershot, Hampshire: Ashgate, 2001), pp. 280-301.
9. Christopher Lawrence, "Incommunicable Knowledge: Science, Technology and the Clinical Art in Britain, 1850-1914,"J. Contemp. Hist., 1985, 20, 503-20; Christopher Lawrence, "Still Incommunicable: Clinical Holists and Medical Knowledge in Interwar Britain," in Greater Than the Parts: Holism in Biomedicine, 1920-1930, ed. Christopher Lawrence and George Weisz (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. 94-111. See also David Cantor, "The NAME and the WORD: Neo-Hippocratism and Language in Inter-War Britain," in Reinventing Hippocrates, ed. David Cantor (Aldershot, Hampshire: Ashgate, 2001), pp. 280-301.
10. Dominic Hibberd, "A Sociological Cure for Shellshock: Dr. Brock and Wilfred Owen," Social. Rev. (NS), 1977, 2;, 377-86; Dominic Hibberd, Owen the Poet (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1986); Dominic Hibberd, Wilfred Owen: The Last Year 1917-1918 (London: Constable, 1992); and Dominic Hibberd, Wilfred Owen: A New Biography (London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson, 2002).
11. Dominic Hibberd, "A Sociological Cure for Shellshock: Dr. Brock and Wilfred Owen," Social. Rev. (NS), 1977, 2;, 377-86; Dominic Hibberd, Owen the Poet (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1986); Dominic Hibberd, Wilfred Owen: The Last Year 1917-1918 (London: Constable, 1992); and Dominic Hibberd, Wilfred Owen: A New Biography (London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson, 2002).
12. Dominic Hibberd, "A Sociological Cure for Shellshock: Dr. Brock and Wilfred Owen," Social. Rev. (NS), 1977, 2;, 377-86; Dominic Hibberd, Owen the Poet (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1986); Dominic Hibberd, Wilfred Owen: The Last Year 1917-1918 (London: Constable, 1992); and Dominic Hibberd, Wilfred Owen: A New Biography (London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson, 2002).
13. Dominic Hibberd, "A Sociological Cure for Shellshock: Dr. Brock and Wilfred Owen," Social. Rev. (NS), 1977, 2;, 377-86; Dominic Hibberd, Owen the Poet (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1986); Dominic Hibberd, Wilfred Owen: The Last Year 1917-1918 (London: Constable, 1992); and Dominic Hibberd, Wilfred Owen: A New Biography (London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson, 2002).
14. Galen, On the Natural Faculties, trans. A. J. Brock (London: Heinemann, 1916). The book was widely welcomed in reviews at the time, albeit with a criticism of Brock's account of Galen's refusal to go to the German front. See, for example, the review in Lancet, 10 March 1923, 1, 492.
15. Galen, On the Natural Faculties, trans. A. J. Brock (London: Heinemann, 1916). The book was widely welcomed in reviews at the time, albeit with a criticism of Brock's account of Galen's refusal to go to the German front. See, for example, the review in Lancet, 10 March 1923, 1, 492.
16. Greek Medicine: Being Extracts Illustrative of Medical Writers from Hippocrates to Galen, trans. and annotator Arthur J. Brock (London and Toronto: J. M. Dent and Sons, 1929).
17. Major Greenwood, additional note to the obituary of Arthur Brock, Brit. Med. J., 1947, ii, 511.
18. The Loeb Classic was reprinted in 1928, 1947, 1952, 1963, 1979, and 1991.
19. Because of his involvement with Owen, Brock has also begun to attract the attention of historians of neurasthenia and shell shock. See A. Crossman, "The Hydra, Captain A. J. Brock and the Treatment of Shell-Shock in Edinburgh," J. R. Coll Physicians Edinb., 2003, 33, 119-23. For passing references to Brock, see Peter Leese, " 'Why Are They Not Cured?' British Shellshock Treatment during the Great War," in Traumatic Pasts: History, Psychiatry, and Trauma in the Modern Age, 1870-1930, ed. Mark S. Micale and Paul Lerner (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), pp. 205-21, at pp. 215-16; and Daniel Pick, War Machine: The Rationalization of Slaughter in the Modern Age (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1993), pp. 195, 252.
20. Because of his involvement with Owen, Brock has also begun to attract the attention of historians of neurasthenia and shell shock. See A. Crossman, "The Hydra, Captain A. J. Brock and the Treatment of Shell-Shock in Edinburgh," J. R. Coll Physicians Edinb., 2003, 33, 119-23. For passing references to Brock, see Peter Leese, " 'Why Are They Not Cured?' British Shellshock Treatment during the Great War," in Traumatic Pasts: History, Psychiatry, and Trauma in the Modern Age, 1870-1930, ed. Mark S. Micale and Paul Lerner (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), pp. 205-21, at pp. 215-16; and Daniel Pick, War Machine: The Rationalization of Slaughter in the Modern Age (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1993), pp. 195, 252.
21. Because of his involvement with Owen, Brock has also begun to attract the attention of historians of neurasthenia and shell shock. See A. Crossman, "The Hydra, Captain A. J. Brock and the Treatment of Shell-Shock in Edinburgh," J. R. Coll Physicians Edinb., 2003, 33, 119-23. For passing references to Brock, see Peter Leese, " 'Why Are They Not Cured?' British Shellshock Treatment during the Great War," in Traumatic Pasts: History, Psychiatry, and Trauma in the Modern Age, 1870-1930, ed. Mark S. Micale and Paul Lerner (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), pp. 205-21, at pp. 215-16; and Daniel Pick, War Machine: The Rationalization of Slaughter in the Modern Age (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1993), pp. 195, 252.
22. Brock's life is also discussed in Hibberd, Owen the Poet, esp. chap. 5 and the biographical appendix on Brock, ibid., "A Sociological Cure for Shellshock"; ibid., Wilfred Owen: The Last Year, esp. chap. 2; ibid., Wilfred Owen: A New Biography. See also Jennifer Breen, "Wilfred Owen (1893-1918): His Recovery from 'Shell-Shock,'" Notes Queries Read. Writ. Collect. Librar., 1976, 23, 301-5; Douglas Kerr, Wilfred Owen's Voices: Language and Community (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993), esp. pp. 197-204; Jon Stallworthy, Wilfred Owen (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1974), esp. chap. 8; Anon., "Death of Dr. A. J. Brock," Dunfermline Press, 30 August 1947, 5; and F. J. Nicholson, formerly Headmaster of North Queensferry School, "The Late Dr. Brock," Dunfermline Press, 6 September 1947, 2. Brock also makes brief appearances in Pat Barker's novel Regeneration (New York: Plume, 1993), pp. 72-74, 121-25, 140, 219, 220, and 242-44. The date of Brock's birth is taken from James Hunter Macgregor, "Pedigree from Andrew Brock to His Descendant Robert Kerr Gillespie, Esq., J. P., Kew, near Melbourne, Victoria." However, he is listed as having been born 9 October 1879 in 1901 Medical Examinations Book, Edinburgh University archives, Da 43, Edinburgh University Library Special Collections (hereafter EULSC), Edinburgh, Scotland. I am very grateful to Dr. W. Stuart Hislop, of the Royal Alexandra Hospital, Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland, for providing me with the family pedigree compiled by Macgregor. Macgregor described himself as genealogist, living in Edinburgh. He dates the manuscript Easter 1913. The copy in Dr. Hislop's possession is liberally annotated by Brock, who does not correct the birth date given him by Macgregor. Macgregor notes that Brock was already collecting information regarding the family and that he placed his own researches at Macgregor's disposal.
23. Brock's life is also discussed in Hibberd, Owen the Poet, esp. chap. 5 and the biographical appendix on Brock, ibid., "A Sociological Cure for Shellshock"; ibid., Wilfred Owen: The Last Year, esp. chap. 2; ibid., Wilfred Owen: A New Biography. See also Jennifer Breen, "Wilfred Owen (1893-1918): His Recovery from 'Shell-Shock,'" Notes Queries Read. Writ. Collect. Librar., 1976, 23, 301-5; Douglas Kerr, Wilfred Owen's Voices: Language and Community (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993), esp. pp. 197-204; Jon Stallworthy, Wilfred Owen (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1974), esp. chap. 8; Anon., "Death of Dr. A. J. Brock," Dunfermline Press, 30 August 1947, 5; and F. J. Nicholson, formerly Headmaster of North Queensferry School, "The Late Dr. Brock," Dunfermline Press, 6 September 1947, 2. Brock also makes brief appearances in Pat Barker's novel Regeneration (New York: Plume, 1993), pp. 72-74, 121-25, 140, 219, 220, and 242-44. The date of Brock's birth is taken from James Hunter Macgregor, "Pedigree from Andrew Brock to His Descendant Robert Kerr Gillespie, Esq., J. P., Kew, near Melbourne, Victoria." However, he is listed as having been born 9 October 1879 in 1901 Medical Examinations Book, Edinburgh University archives, Da 43, Edinburgh University Library Special Collections (hereafter EULSC), Edinburgh, Scotland. I am very grateful to Dr. W. Stuart Hislop, of the Royal Alexandra Hospital, Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland, for providing me with the family pedigree compiled by Macgregor. Macgregor described himself as genealogist, living in Edinburgh. He dates the manuscript Easter 1913. The copy in Dr. Hislop's possession is liberally annotated by Brock, who does not correct the birth date given him by Macgregor. Macgregor notes that Brock was already collecting information regarding the family and that he placed his own researches at Macgregor's disposal.
24. Brock's life is also discussed in Hibberd, Owen the Poet, esp. chap. 5 and the biographical appendix on Brock, ibid., "A Sociological Cure for Shellshock"; ibid., Wilfred Owen: The Last Year, esp. chap. 2; ibid., Wilfred Owen: A New Biography. See also Jennifer Breen, "Wilfred Owen (1893-1918): His Recovery from 'Shell-Shock,'" Notes Queries Read. Writ. Collect. Librar., 1976, 23, 301-5; Douglas Kerr, Wilfred Owen's Voices: Language and Community (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993), esp. pp. 197-204; Jon Stallworthy, Wilfred Owen (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1974), esp. chap. 8; Anon., "Death of Dr. A. J. Brock," Dunfermline Press, 30 August 1947, 5; and F. J. Nicholson, formerly Headmaster of North Queensferry School, "The Late Dr. Brock," Dunfermline Press, 6 September 1947, 2. Brock also makes brief appearances in Pat Barker's novel Regeneration (New York: Plume, 1993), pp. 72-74, 121-25, 140, 219, 220, and 242-44. The date of Brock's birth is taken from James Hunter Macgregor, "Pedigree from Andrew Brock to His Descendant Robert Kerr Gillespie, Esq., J. P., Kew, near Melbourne, Victoria." However, he is listed as having been born 9 October 1879 in 1901 Medical Examinations Book, Edinburgh University archives, Da 43, Edinburgh University Library Special Collections (hereafter EULSC), Edinburgh, Scotland. I am very grateful to Dr. W. Stuart Hislop, of the Royal Alexandra Hospital, Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland, for providing me with the family pedigree compiled by Macgregor. Macgregor described himself as genealogist, living in Edinburgh. He dates the manuscript Easter 1913. The copy in Dr. Hislop's possession is liberally annotated by Brock, who does not correct the birth date given him by Macgregor. Macgregor notes that Brock was already collecting information regarding the family and that he placed his own researches at Macgregor's disposal.
25. Brock's life is also discussed in Hibberd, Owen the Poet, esp. chap. 5 and the biographical appendix on Brock, ibid., "A Sociological Cure for Shellshock"; ibid., Wilfred Owen: The Last Year, esp. chap. 2; ibid., Wilfred Owen: A New Biography. See also Jennifer Breen, "Wilfred Owen (1893-1918): His Recovery from 'Shell-Shock,'" Notes Queries Read. Writ. Collect. Librar., 1976, 23, 301-5; Douglas Kerr, Wilfred Owen's Voices: Language and Community (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993), esp. pp. 197-204; Jon Stallworthy, Wilfred Owen (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1974), esp. chap. 8; Anon., "Death of Dr. A. J. Brock," Dunfermline Press, 30 August 1947, 5; and F. J. Nicholson, formerly Headmaster of North Queensferry School, "The Late Dr. Brock," Dunfermline Press, 6 September 1947, 2. Brock also makes brief appearances in Pat Barker's novel Regeneration (New York: Plume, 1993), pp. 72-74, 121-25, 140, 219, 220, and 242-44. The date of Brock's birth is taken from James Hunter Macgregor, "Pedigree from Andrew Brock to His Descendant Robert Kerr Gillespie, Esq., J. P., Kew, near Melbourne, Victoria." However, he is listed as having been born 9 October 1879 in 1901 Medical Examinations Book, Edinburgh University archives, Da 43, Edinburgh University Library Special Collections (hereafter EULSC), Edinburgh, Scotland. I am very grateful to Dr. W. Stuart Hislop, of the Royal Alexandra Hospital, Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland, for providing me with the family pedigree compiled by Macgregor. Macgregor described himself as genealogist, living in Edinburgh. He dates the manuscript Easter 1913. The copy in Dr. Hislop's possession is liberally annotated by Brock, who does not correct the birth date given him by Macgregor. Macgregor notes that Brock was already collecting information regarding the family and that he placed his own researches at Macgregor's disposal.
26. Brock's life is also discussed in Hibberd, Owen the Poet, esp. chap. 5 and the biographical appendix on Brock, ibid., "A Sociological Cure for Shellshock"; ibid., Wilfred Owen: The Last Year, esp. chap. 2; ibid., Wilfred Owen: A New Biography. See also Jennifer Breen, "Wilfred Owen (1893-1918): His Recovery from 'Shell-Shock,'" Notes Queries Read. Writ. Collect. Librar., 1976, 23, 301-5; Douglas Kerr, Wilfred Owen's Voices: Language and Community (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993), esp. pp. 197-204; Jon Stallworthy, Wilfred Owen (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1974), esp. chap. 8; Anon., "Death of Dr. A. J. Brock," Dunfermline Press, 30 August 1947, 5; and F. J. Nicholson, formerly Headmaster of North Queensferry School, "The Late Dr. Brock," Dunfermline Press, 6 September 1947, 2. Brock also makes brief appearances in Pat Barker's novel Regeneration (New York: Plume, 1993), pp. 72-74, 121-25, 140, 219, 220, and 242-44. The date of Brock's birth is taken from James Hunter Macgregor, "Pedigree from Andrew Brock to His Descendant Robert Kerr Gillespie, Esq., J. P., Kew, near Melbourne, Victoria." However, he is listed as having been born 9 October 1879 in 1901 Medical Examinations Book, Edinburgh University archives, Da 43, Edinburgh University Library Special Collections (hereafter EULSC), Edinburgh, Scotland. I am very grateful to Dr. W. Stuart Hislop, of the Royal Alexandra Hospital, Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland, for providing me with the family pedigree compiled by Macgregor. Macgregor described himself as genealogist, living in Edinburgh. He dates the manuscript Easter 1913. The copy in Dr. Hislop's possession is liberally annotated by Brock, who does not correct the birth date given him by Macgregor. Macgregor notes that Brock was already collecting information regarding the family and that he placed his own researches at Macgregor's disposal.
27. Brock's life is also discussed in Hibberd, Owen the Poet, esp. chap. 5 and the biographical appendix on Brock, ibid., "A Sociological Cure for Shellshock"; ibid., Wilfred Owen: The Last Year, esp. chap. 2; ibid., Wilfred Owen: A New Biography. See also Jennifer Breen, "Wilfred Owen (1893-1918): His Recovery from 'Shell-Shock,'" Notes Queries Read. Writ. Collect. Librar., 1976, 23, 301-5; Douglas Kerr, Wilfred Owen's Voices: Language and Community (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993), esp. pp. 197-204; Jon Stallworthy, Wilfred Owen (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1974), esp. chap. 8; Anon., "Death of Dr. A. J. Brock," Dunfermline Press, 30 August 1947, 5; and F. J. Nicholson, formerly Headmaster of North Queensferry School, "The Late Dr. Brock," Dunfermline Press, 6 September 1947, 2. Brock also makes brief appearances in Pat Barker's novel Regeneration (New York: Plume, 1993), pp. 72-74, 121-25, 140, 219, 220, and 242-44. The date of Brock's birth is taken from James Hunter Macgregor, "Pedigree from Andrew Brock to His Descendant Robert Kerr Gillespie, Esq., J. P., Kew, near Melbourne, Victoria." However, he is listed as having been born 9 October 1879 in 1901 Medical Examinations Book, Edinburgh University archives, Da 43, Edinburgh University Library Special Collections (hereafter EULSC), Edinburgh, Scotland. I am very grateful to Dr. W. Stuart Hislop, of the Royal Alexandra Hospital, Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland, for providing me with the family pedigree compiled by Macgregor. Macgregor described himself as genealogist, living in Edinburgh. He dates the manuscript Easter 1913. The copy in Dr. Hislop's possession is liberally annotated by Brock, who does not correct the birth date given him by Macgregor. Macgregor notes that Brock was already collecting information regarding the family and that he placed his own researches at Macgregor's disposal.
28. Anon, "Death of Dr. A. J. Brock."
29. The records of Brock's matriculation note that he proposed to study in the Faculty of Arts. Faculty of Arts, "First Matriculation Book 1894/5," Edinburgh University Archives, Da 34, EULSC. The date of Brock's preliminary examination or degree in the arts was April 1893, 1901 Medical Examinations Book.
30. 1901 Medical Examinations Book.
31. Arthur J. Brock to Patrick Geddes, 13 February 1901, MS 10532, f.21, Patrick Geddes Papers, National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland (hereafter Geddes papers, NLS). At the time of writing this letter, Brock had been in Vienna for four months. He says he plans to leave for Berlin in a fortnight and to stay there for two more months. Brock also seems to have envisioned spending some time in Paris, but it is unknown if he traveled there. He is back in Scotland by July 1901, as his letter to Geddes from Kirkliston suggests. Arthur J. Brock to Patrick Geddes, 7 July 1901, MS 10532, f.94, Geddes papers, NLS.
32. H. Arthur J. Brock to Patrick Geddes, 6 May 1902, MS 10533, f.70, Geddes papers, NLS.
33. Arthur J. Brock to Patrick Geddes, 27 September 1902, MS 10533, f.160, Geddes papers, NLS. The Medical Register (London: General Medical Council, published annually) gives 26 May 1902 as the date of Brock's registration.
34. His thesis was titled "On a Photographic Method of Recording the Reaction of the Pupil in Absolute Darkness and in Bright Light." In it Brock noted that he hoped that this might have application in diseases of the nervous system in which the mobility of the pupil is impaired. A copy is available in Special Collections Division, Edinburgh University Library, Edinburgh, Scotland.
35. Brock first appears in the Medical Directory in 1903, and he is described as late Resident Physician at Woodburn Sanatorium for Consumptives in Edinburgh. The dates for the visiting physicianship are also taken from the Medical Directory. Dates derived from the Medical Directory in this and the following notes (18, 20, 22, and 82) usually refer to the first and last year of entry; Brock may have joined or left at some point in the year preceding or following a particular entry.
36. Brock lists this appointment in the Medical Directory, 1903 and 1904.
37. LHB1/119/1 (Register of Resident and Non-Resident Physicians, Surgeons, etc., Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh), Lothian Health Services Archive, University of Edinburgh Library, Edinburgh, Scotland.
38. Not mentioned in 1904 Medical Directory. No personnel records in the Lothian Health Services Archive for that date.
39. LHB1/119/1 (Register of Resident and Non-Resident Physicians, Surgeons, etc., Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh), Lothian Health Services Archive.
40. Taken from the Medical Directory. No original records exist in the Lothian Health Services archive.
41. The earliest recorded contact with Geddes is in 1899. See undecipherable signature to Walter Veitch and Arthur J. Brock, 20 December 1899, MS 10590, f.186, Geddes papers, NLS. On Geddes, see Helen Meller, Patrick Geddes: Social Evolutionist and City Planner (London and New York: Routledge, 1990); Paddy Kitchen, A Most Unsettling Person: An Introduction to the Ideas and Life of Patrick Geddes (London: Gollancz, 1975); Philip Board-man, The Worlds of Patrick Geddes: Biologist, Town Planner, Re-Educator, Peace Warrior (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1978); and Volker M. Welter, Biopolis: Patrick Geddes and the City of Life (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2002).
42. The earliest recorded contact with Geddes is in 1899. See undecipherable signature to Walter Veitch and Arthur J. Brock, 20 December 1899, MS 10590, f.186, Geddes papers, NLS. On Geddes, see Helen Meller, Patrick Geddes: Social Evolutionist and City Planner (London and New York: Routledge, 1990); Paddy Kitchen, A Most Unsettling Person: An Introduction to the Ideas and Life of Patrick Geddes (London: Gollancz, 1975); Philip Board-man, The Worlds of Patrick Geddes: Biologist, Town Planner, Re-Educator, Peace Warrior (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1978); and Volker M. Welter, Biopolis: Patrick Geddes and the City of Life (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2002).
43. The earliest recorded contact with Geddes is in 1899. See undecipherable signature to Walter Veitch and Arthur J. Brock, 20 December 1899, MS 10590, f.186, Geddes papers, NLS. On Geddes, see Helen Meller, Patrick Geddes: Social Evolutionist and City Planner (London and New York: Routledge, 1990); Paddy Kitchen, A Most Unsettling Person: An Introduction to the Ideas and Life of Patrick Geddes (London: Gollancz, 1975); Philip Board-man, The Worlds of Patrick Geddes: Biologist, Town Planner, Re-Educator, Peace Warrior (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1978); and Volker M. Welter, Biopolis: Patrick Geddes and the City of Life (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2002).
44. The earliest recorded contact with Geddes is in 1899. See undecipherable signature to Walter Veitch and Arthur J. Brock, 20 December 1899, MS 10590, f.186, Geddes papers, NLS. On Geddes, see Helen Meller, Patrick Geddes: Social Evolutionist and City Planner (London and New York: Routledge, 1990); Paddy Kitchen, A Most Unsettling Person: An Introduction to the Ideas and Life of Patrick Geddes (London: Gollancz, 1975); Philip Board-man, The Worlds of Patrick Geddes: Biologist, Town Planner, Re-Educator, Peace Warrior (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1978); and Volker M. Welter, Biopolis: Patrick Geddes and the City of Life (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2002).
45. Frederic Harrison, ed., The New Calendar of Great Men: Biographies of the 558 Worthies of All Ages and Nations in the Positivist Calendar of Auguste Comte (London and New York: Macmillan, 1892). On Harrison, see S. Eisen, "Frederic Harrison and Herbert Spencer: Embattled Unbelievers," Via. Stud., 1968, 12, 33-56; and T. R. Wright, The Religion of Humanity: The Impact of Comtean Positivism on Victorian Britain (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986), esp. chap. 3. On Geddes and Positivism, see Wright, The Religion of Humanity, esp. chap. 6; and J. P. Reilly, "The Early Social Thought of Patrick Geddes," Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, 1972, esp. chap. 1.
46. Frederic Harrison, ed., The New Calendar of Great Men: Biographies of the 558 Worthies of All Ages and Nations in the Positivist Calendar of Auguste Comte (London and New York: Macmillan, 1892). On Harrison, see S. Eisen, "Frederic Harrison and Herbert Spencer: Embattled Unbelievers," Via. Stud., 1968, 12, 33-56; and T. R. Wright, The Religion of Humanity: The Impact of Comtean Positivism on Victorian Britain (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986), esp. chap. 3. On Geddes and Positivism, see Wright, The Religion of Humanity, esp. chap. 6; and J. P. Reilly, "The Early Social Thought of Patrick Geddes," Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, 1972, esp. chap. 1.
47. Frederic Harrison, ed., The New Calendar of Great Men: Biographies of the 558 Worthies of All Ages and Nations in the Positivist Calendar of Auguste Comte (London and New York: Macmillan, 1892). On Harrison, see S. Eisen, "Frederic Harrison and Herbert Spencer: Embattled Unbelievers," Via. Stud., 1968, 12, 33-56; and T. R. Wright, The Religion of Humanity: The Impact of Comtean Positivism on Victorian Britain (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986), esp. chap. 3. On Geddes and Positivism, see Wright, The Religion of Humanity, esp. chap. 6; and J. P. Reilly, "The Early Social Thought of Patrick Geddes," Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, 1972, esp. chap. 1.
48. Frederic Harrison, ed., The New Calendar of Great Men: Biographies of the 558 Worthies of All Ages and Nations in the Positivist Calendar of Auguste Comte (London and New York: Macmillan, 1892). On Harrison, see S. Eisen, "Frederic Harrison and Herbert Spencer: Embattled Unbelievers," Via. Stud., 1968, 12, 33-56; and T. R. Wright, The Religion of Humanity: The Impact of Comtean Positivism on Victorian Britain (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986), esp. chap. 3. On Geddes and Positivism, see Wright, The Religion of Humanity, esp. chap. 6; and J. P. Reilly, "The Early Social Thought of Patrick Geddes," Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, 1972, esp. chap. 1.
49. Frederic Harrison, ed., The New Calendar of Great Men: Biographies of the 558 Worthies of All Ages and Nations in the Positivist Calendar of Auguste Comte (London and New York: Macmillan, 1892). On Harrison, see S. Eisen, "Frederic Harrison and Herbert Spencer: Embattled Unbelievers," Via. Stud., 1968, 12, 33-56; and T. R. Wright, The Religion of Humanity: The Impact of Comtean Positivism on Victorian Britain (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986), esp. chap. 3. On Geddes and Positivism, see Wright, The Religion of Humanity, esp. chap. 6; and J. P. Reilly, "The Early Social Thought of Patrick Geddes," Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, 1972, esp. chap. 1.
50. Arthur J. Brock to Patrick Geddes, 22 October 1901, MS 10532, f.113, Geddes papers, NLS.
51. Harrison, The New Calendar of Great Men, p. vi.
52. Arthur J. Brock to Patrick Geddes, 22 October 1901, MS 10532, f.113, Geddes papers, NLS. In 1901 Brock was also reading Geddes pamphlets, including, it seems, his account of LePlay. Arthur J. Brock to Patrick Geddes, 22 October 1901.
53. Arthur J. Brock to Patrick Geddes, 6 May 1902, MS 10533, f.70, Geddes papers, NLS.
54. A. J. Brock to Patrick Geddes, 25 May 1902, T-GED 9/880, Patrick Geddes papers, University of Strathclyde archives, Glasgow, Scotland (hereafter Geddes papers, Strathclyde University).
55. A. J. Brock to Patrick Geddes, 25 May 1902, T-GED 9/880, Geddes papers, Strathclyde University.
56. On the regional survey, see C. C. Fagg, "The History of the Regional Survey Movement," S.E. Naturalist, 1928, 33, 71-94; R. E. Dickinson, Regional Concept: The Anglo-American Leaders (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1976); and David Matless, "Regional Surveys and Local Knowledges: The Geographical Imagination in Britain, 1918-39," Trans. Inst. Brit. Ceog., 1992, 17, 464-80.
57. On the regional survey, see C. C. Fagg, "The History of the Regional Survey Movement," S.E. Naturalist, 1928, 33, 71-94; R. E. Dickinson, Regional Concept: The Anglo-American Leaders (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1976); and David Matless, "Regional Surveys and Local Knowledges: The Geographical Imagination in Britain, 1918-39," Trans. Inst. Brit. Ceog., 1992, 17, 464-80.
58. On the regional survey, see C. C. Fagg, "The History of the Regional Survey Movement," S.E. Naturalist, 1928, 33, 71-94; R. E. Dickinson, Regional Concept: The Anglo-American Leaders (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1976); and David Matless, "Regional Surveys and Local Knowledges: The Geographical Imagination in Britain, 1918-39," Trans. Inst. Brit. Ceog., 1992, 17, 464-80.
59. Arthur J. Brock to [undecipherable initial] Wallace, 1 January 1914, 24 May 1914, 3 June 1914, MS 10597 ff.7, 90, and 101, Geddes papers, NLS. For an example of Brock's suggestions for Outlook Tower visits to farms and mineral oil and historical sites, see Arthur J. Brock to [undecipherable initial] Wallace, 1 January 1914, MS 10597 f.7, Geddes papers, NLS.
60. Hibberd, "A Sociological Cure for Shellshock." Brock may also have been influenced by the work of Thomas Clouston, Physician Superintendent of the Royal Edinburgh Asylum from 1873 to 1908. Clouston was appointed the first lecturer in psychiatry at Edinburgh University in 1879, and Brock paid £3.3 to attend eighteen lectures by Clouston in 1900 (1901 Medical Examinations Book). See also Crossman, "The Hydra, Captain A. J. Brock and the Treatment of Shell-Shock in Edinburgh." On Clouston and the Royal Edinburgh Asylum, see Allan Beveridge, "Life in the Asylum: Patients' Letters from Morningside, 1873-1908," Hist. Psych., 1998, 9, 431-69.
61. Hibberd, "A Sociological Cure for Shellshock." Brock may also have been influenced by the work of Thomas Clouston, Physician Superintendent of the Royal Edinburgh Asylum from 1873 to 1908. Clouston was appointed the first lecturer in psychiatry at Edinburgh University in 1879, and Brock paid £3.3 to attend eighteen lectures by Clouston in 1900 (1901 Medical Examinations Book). See also Crossman, "The Hydra, Captain A. J. Brock and the Treatment of Shell-Shock in Edinburgh." On Clouston and the Royal Edinburgh Asylum, see Allan Beveridge, "Life in the Asylum: Patients' Letters from Morningside, 1873-1908," Hist. Psych., 1998, 9, 431-69.
62. Hibberd, "A Sociological Cure for Shellshock." Brock may also have been influenced by the work of Thomas Clouston, Physician Superintendent of the Royal Edinburgh Asylum from 1873 to 1908. Clouston was appointed the first lecturer in psychiatry at Edinburgh University in 1879, and Brock paid £3.3 to attend eighteen lectures by Clouston in 1900 (1901 Medical Examinations Book). See also Crossman, "The Hydra, Captain A. J. Brock and the Treatment of Shell-Shock in Edinburgh." On Clouston and the Royal Edinburgh Asylum, see Allan Beveridge, "Life in the Asylum: Patients' Letters from Morningside, 1873-1908," Hist. Psych., 1998, 9, 431-69.
63. Brock's views on Bergson are discussed in Brock, Health and Conduct. See also "Galen and Henri Bergson," Brit. Med. J., 1915, i, 867; and Galen, On the Natural Faculties, pp. xxx-xxxi.
64. Brock's views on Bergson are discussed in Brock, Health and Conduct. See also "Galen and Henri Bergson," Brit. Med. J., 1915, i, 867; and Galen, On the Natural Faculties, pp. xxx-xxxi.
65. Brock's views on Bergson are discussed in Brock, Health and Conduct. See also "Galen and Henri Bergson," Brit. Med. J., 1915, i, 867; and Galen, On the Natural Faculties, pp. xxx-xxxi.
66. Arthur J. Brock, "'Ergotherapy' in Neurasthenia," Edinburgh Med. J. (NS), 1911, 6, 430-34. For Clouston's views on the value of work in therapy, see Beveridge, "Life in the Asylum," esp. p. 432. For Brock's later writings on neurasthenia and work, see A. J. Brock, "The Occupation-Cure in Neurasthenia," Edinburgh Med. J. (NS), 1923, 30, 81-94.
67. Arthur J. Brock, "'Ergotherapy' in Neurasthenia," Edinburgh Med. J. (NS), 1911, 6, 430-34. For Clouston's views on the value of work in therapy, see Beveridge, "Life in the Asylum," esp. p. 432. For Brock's later writings on neurasthenia and work, see A. J. Brock, "The Occupation-Cure in Neurasthenia," Edinburgh Med. J. (NS), 1923, 30, 81-94.
68. Arthur J. Brock, "'Ergotherapy' in Neurasthenia," Edinburgh Med. J. (NS), 1911, 6, 430-34. For Clouston's views on the value of work in therapy, see Beveridge, "Life in the Asylum," esp. p. 432. For Brock's later writings on neurasthenia and work, see A. J. Brock, "The Occupation-Cure in Neurasthenia," Edinburgh Med. J. (NS), 1923, 30, 81-94.
69. Brock, Health and Conduct, p. 6.
70. Ibid., pp. 44-45.
71. For Brock's prewar writings on cancer, tuberculosis, and other diseases of civilization, see: "The Psychology of the Consumptive," Brit. Med. J., 1910, i, 1519; "The Psychology of the Consumptive," Brit. Med. J., 1910, ii, 175; "Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis," Brit. Med. J., 1911, i, 226; "The Nature and Origin of Cancer," Brit. Med. J., 1911, ii, 1677-78; "The Nature and Origin of Cancer," Brit. Med. J., 1912, i, 338; "The Nature and Origin of Cancer," Brit. Med. J., 1912, i, 465 and 872; "The 'Moral' Factor in Physical Disease," Practitioner, 1912, 88, 315-21; "Disease as the Nemesis of Reproductive Inefficiency," Practitioner, 1912, 88, 419-27; "Psycho-Analysis, " Brit. Med. J., 1913, ii, 102; and "Autointoxication and Subinfection," Brit. Med. J., 1914, i, 272-73.
72. For Brock's prewar writings on cancer, tuberculosis, and other diseases of civilization, see: "The Psychology of the Consumptive," Brit. Med. J., 1910, i, 1519; "The Psychology of the Consumptive," Brit. Med. J., 1910, ii, 175; "Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis," Brit. Med. J., 1911, i, 226; "The Nature and Origin of Cancer," Brit. Med. J., 1911, ii, 1677-78; "The Nature and Origin of Cancer," Brit. Med. J., 1912, i, 338; "The Nature and Origin of Cancer," Brit. Med. J., 1912, i, 465 and 872; "The 'Moral' Factor in Physical Disease," Practitioner, 1912, 88, 315-21; "Disease as the Nemesis of Reproductive Inefficiency," Practitioner, 1912, 88, 419-27; "Psycho-Analysis, " Brit. Med. J., 1913, ii, 102; and "Autointoxication and Subinfection," Brit. Med. J., 1914, i, 272-73.
73. For Brock's prewar writings on cancer, tuberculosis, and other diseases of civilization, see: "The Psychology of the Consumptive," Brit. Med. J., 1910, i, 1519; "The Psychology of the Consumptive," Brit. Med. J., 1910, ii, 175; "Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis," Brit. Med. J., 1911, i, 226; "The Nature and Origin of Cancer," Brit. Med. J., 1911, ii, 1677-78; "The Nature and Origin of Cancer," Brit. Med. J., 1912, i, 338; "The Nature and Origin of Cancer," Brit. Med. J., 1912, i, 465 and 872; "The 'Moral' Factor in Physical Disease," Practitioner, 1912, 88, 315-21; "Disease as the Nemesis of Reproductive Inefficiency," Practitioner, 1912, 88, 419-27; "Psycho-Analysis, " Brit. Med. J., 1913, ii, 102; and "Autointoxication and Subinfection," Brit. Med. J., 1914, i, 272-73.
74. For Brock's prewar writings on cancer, tuberculosis, and other diseases of civilization, see: "The Psychology of the Consumptive," Brit. Med. J., 1910, i, 1519; "The Psychology of the Consumptive," Brit. Med. J., 1910, ii, 175; "Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis," Brit. Med. J., 1911, i, 226; "The Nature and Origin of Cancer," Brit. Med. J., 1911, ii, 1677-78; "The Nature and Origin of Cancer," Brit. Med. J., 1912, i, 338; "The Nature and Origin of Cancer," Brit. Med. J., 1912, i, 465 and 872; "The 'Moral' Factor in Physical Disease," Practitioner, 1912, 88, 315-21; "Disease as the Nemesis of Reproductive Inefficiency," Practitioner, 1912, 88, 419-27; "Psycho-Analysis, " Brit. Med. J., 1913, ii, 102; and "Autointoxication and Subinfection," Brit. Med. J., 1914, i, 272-73.
75. For Brock's prewar writings on cancer, tuberculosis, and other diseases of civilization, see: "The Psychology of the Consumptive," Brit. Med. J., 1910, i, 1519; "The Psychology of the Consumptive," Brit. Med. J., 1910, ii, 175; "Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis," Brit. Med. J., 1911, i, 226; "The Nature and Origin of Cancer," Brit. Med. J., 1911, ii, 1677-78; "The Nature and Origin of Cancer," Brit. Med. J., 1912, i, 338; "The Nature and Origin of Cancer," Brit. Med. J., 1912, i, 465 and 872; "The 'Moral' Factor in Physical Disease," Practitioner, 1912, 88, 315-21; "Disease as the Nemesis of Reproductive Inefficiency," Practitioner, 1912, 88, 419-27; "Psycho-Analysis, " Brit. Med. J., 1913, ii, 102; and "Autointoxication and Subinfection," Brit. Med. J., 1914, i, 272-73.
76. For Brock's prewar writings on cancer, tuberculosis, and other diseases of civilization, see: "The Psychology of the Consumptive," Brit. Med. J., 1910, i, 1519; "The Psychology of the Consumptive," Brit. Med. J., 1910, ii, 175; "Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis," Brit. Med. J., 1911, i, 226; "The Nature and Origin of Cancer," Brit. Med. J., 1911, ii, 1677-78; "The Nature and Origin of Cancer," Brit. Med. J., 1912, i, 338; "The Nature and Origin of Cancer," Brit. Med. J., 1912, i, 465 and 872; "The 'Moral' Factor in Physical Disease," Practitioner, 1912, 88, 315-21; "Disease as the Nemesis of Reproductive Inefficiency," Practitioner, 1912, 88, 419-27; "Psycho-Analysis, " Brit. Med. J., 1913, ii, 102; and "Autointoxication and Subinfection," Brit. Med. J., 1914, i, 272-73.
77. For Brock's prewar writings on cancer, tuberculosis, and other diseases of civilization, see: "The Psychology of the Consumptive," Brit. Med. J., 1910, i, 1519; "The Psychology of the Consumptive," Brit. Med. J., 1910, ii, 175; "Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis," Brit. Med. J., 1911, i, 226; "The Nature and Origin of Cancer," Brit. Med. J., 1911, ii, 1677-78; "The Nature and Origin of Cancer," Brit. Med. J., 1912, i, 338; "The Nature and Origin of Cancer," Brit. Med. J., 1912, i, 465 and 872; "The 'Moral' Factor in Physical Disease," Practitioner, 1912, 88, 315-21; "Disease as the Nemesis of Reproductive Inefficiency," Practitioner, 1912, 88, 419-27; "Psycho-Analysis, " Brit. Med. J., 1913, ii, 102; and "Autointoxication and Subinfection," Brit. Med. J., 1914, i, 272-73.
78. For Brock's prewar writings on cancer, tuberculosis, and other diseases of civilization, see: "The Psychology of the Consumptive," Brit. Med. J., 1910, i, 1519; "The Psychology of the Consumptive," Brit. Med. J., 1910, ii, 175; "Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis," Brit. Med. J., 1911, i, 226; "The Nature and Origin of Cancer," Brit. Med. J., 1911, ii, 1677-78; "The Nature and Origin of Cancer," Brit. Med. J., 1912, i, 338; "The Nature and Origin of Cancer," Brit. Med. J., 1912, i, 465 and 872; "The 'Moral' Factor in Physical Disease," Practitioner, 1912, 88, 315-21; "Disease as the Nemesis of Reproductive Inefficiency," Practitioner, 1912, 88, 419-27; "Psycho-Analysis, " Brit. Med. J., 1913, ii, 102; and "Autointoxication and Subinfection," Brit. Med. J., 1914, i, 272-73.
79. For Brock's prewar writings on cancer, tuberculosis, and other diseases of civilization, see: "The Psychology of the Consumptive," Brit. Med. J., 1910, i, 1519; "The Psychology of the Consumptive," Brit. Med. J., 1910, ii, 175; "Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis," Brit. Med. J., 1911, i, 226; "The Nature and Origin of Cancer," Brit. Med. J., 1911, ii, 1677-78; "The Nature and Origin of Cancer," Brit. Med. J., 1912, i, 338; "The Nature and Origin of Cancer," Brit. Med. J., 1912, i, 465 and 872; "The 'Moral' Factor in Physical Disease," Practitioner, 1912, 88, 315-21; "Disease as the Nemesis of Reproductive Inefficiency," Practitioner, 1912, 88, 419-27; "Psycho-Analysis, " Brit. Med. J., 1913, ii, 102; and "Autointoxication and Subinfection," Brit. Med. J., 1914, i, 272-73.
80. For Brock's prewar writings on cancer, tuberculosis, and other diseases of civilization, see: "The Psychology of the Consumptive," Brit. Med. J., 1910, i, 1519; "The Psychology of the Consumptive," Brit. Med. J., 1910, ii, 175; "Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis," Brit. Med. J., 1911, i, 226; "The Nature and Origin of Cancer," Brit. Med. J., 1911, ii, 1677-78; "The Nature and Origin of Cancer," Brit. Med. J., 1912, i, 338; "The Nature and Origin of Cancer," Brit. Med. J., 1912, i, 465 and 872; "The 'Moral' Factor in Physical Disease," Practitioner, 1912, 88, 315-21; "Disease as the Nemesis of Reproductive Inefficiency," Practitioner, 1912, 88, 419-27; "Psycho-Analysis, " Brit. Med. J., 1913, ii, 102; and "Autointoxication and Subinfection," Brit. Med. J., 1914, i, 272-73.
81. Arthur J. Brock to Patrick Geddes, 10 August 1910, T-GED 9/939, Geddes papers, Strathclyde University. For Brock's prewar views on habit as a cause of illness, see his "Habit as a Pathological Factor," Edinburgh Med. J. (NS), 1914, 13, 129-46.
82. Brock, " 'Ergotherapy' in Neurasthenia."
83. Anon., "Death of Dr. A. J. Brock." See also the 1923 Medical Directory.
84. He married Siri Marianne von Nolting of Vänersborg, Sweden, daughter of Wilhelm von Nolting, on 12 August 1915. Siri was herself a noted physiotherapist. See the annotations in Macgregor, "Pedigree from Andrew Brock."
85. Dates as listed in the 1923 Medical Directory. For a useful account of Brock and the Craiglockhart Hospital, see Crossman, "The Hydra, Captain A. J. Brock and the Treatment of Shell-Shock in Edinburgh." The Hydra is now available online at www.hcu.ox.ac.uk/jtap/hydra.
86. "Field Club," Hydra Mag. Craiglockhart War Hosp., 21 July 1917, 7, 9. Bryce took over as president later in the year. "Field Club," Hydra J. Craiglockhart War Hosp., 1 September 1917, 10, 8-10 at 10.
87. "Field Club," Hydra Mag. Craiglockhart War Hosp., 21 July 1917, 7, 9. Bryce took over as president later in the year. "Field Club," Hydra J. Craiglockhart War Hosp., 1 September 1917, 10, 8-10 at 10.
88. "General," Hydra Mag. Craiglockhart War Hosp., (NS), November 1917, 1, 17.
89. Among the outcomes of these shoots was a culinary fantasy, probably written by Owen, of" 'Fife pie,' in which the bodies of cormorants (previously buried for a fortnight to ripen!), all manner of sporting wild fowl, shoals of blackbirds and starlings, blue rocks and every variety of pigeon from the ancient dove-cotes, were embalmed in sweet nectar, and well-bedewed with an epicurean brand of honey wines brought from the East. The irreconcilable ingredients of this single dish were adorned by a puffin in nuptial dress, holding in its enormous beak six live eels, in eclectic company with a number of wonderful little migrants, the willow wrens" ("Field Club," Hydra Mag. Craiglockhart War Hosp., 15 September 1917, 11, 9-10 at 10).
90. This talk was given by Brock and Major Bryce ("Field Club," Hydra J. Craiglockhart War Hosp., 4 August 1917, 8, 7-8 at 7). Brock himself gave two other talks to the Field Club, one a survey of the Island of Arran, where he had visited on leave in probably in the late summer or early autumn of 1917 ("Field Club," Hydra Mag. Craiglockhart War Hosp. (NS), December 1917, 2, 24-25 at 24).
91. This talk was given by Brock and Major Bryce ("Field Club," Hydra J. Craiglockhart War Hosp., 4 August 1917, 8, 7-8 at 7). Brock himself gave two other talks to the Field Club, one a survey of the Island of Arran, where he had visited on leave in probably in the late summer or early autumn of 1917 ("Field Club," Hydra Mag. Craiglockhart War Hosp. (NS), December 1917, 2, 24-25 at 24).
92. A. J. B[rock], "Evolving Edinburgh," Hydra Mag. Craiglockhart War Hosp., May 1918, 7, 4-7, 6.
93. Arthur J. Brock to Patrick Geddes, 17 March 1920, MS 10546, f.130, Geddes papers, NLS. Brock also notes that he is working twice a week with Dr. Miriam or Ninian Bruce.
94. Arthur J. Brock to Patrick Geddes, 17 March 1920 (fragment), n.d. (fragment), 16 April 1920, 1 June 1920, 9 July 1920, MS 10546, ff.130, 132, 144, 156, and 161, Geddes papers, NLS.
95. Arthur J. Brock to [?] Patrick Geddes, [n.d.] fragment of a letter possibly March/April 1920, and Arthur J. Brock to Patrick Geddes, 16 April 1920, MS 10546, ff.132 and 144, Geddes papers, NLS.
96. Arthur J. Brock to Patrick Geddes, 1 June 1920, MS 10546, f.156, Geddes papers, NLS.
97. Arthur J. Brock to Patrick Geddes, 9 July 1920, MS 10546, f.161, Geddes papers, NLS. See also Brock, Health and Conduct, pp. 283-85.
98. Arthur J. Brock to Patrick Geddes, 10 April 1921, MS 10547, f.28, Geddes papers, NLS. For other concern about home rulers and centralization, see Arthur J. Brock to Patrick Geddes, 20 December 1920, MS 10547, f.103, Geddes papers, NLS. For Brock's views on these thinkers, see Brock, Health and Conduct, p. 34 and pp. 102-5.
99. Arthur J. Brock to Patrick Geddes, 10 April 1921, MS 10547, f.28, Geddes papers, NLS.
100. Arthur J. Brock to Patrick Geddes, 20 December 1920, MS 10547, f.103, Geddes papers, NLS.
101. Arthur J. Brock to Patrick Geddes, 9 July 1920, MS 10546, f.161, Geddes papers, NLS; Arthur J. Brock to Patrick Geddes, 20 December 1920, MS 10547, f.103, Geddes papers, NLS; Arthur J. Brock to Patrick Geddes, 30 January 1921, MS 10547, f.3, Geddes papers, NLS. For an early plan of the book, see Arthur J. Brock to [?] Patrick Geddes, [n.d.] fragment of a letter possibly March/April 1920, MS 10546, f.132, Geddes papers, NLS.
102. Victor Branford to Arthur Brock, 20 August 1920, MS 10557, f.132, Geddes papers, NLS.
103. The reference is presumably to Patrick Geddes and J. A. Thomson, Biology (London: Williams and Norgate, 1924).
104. On Brock's reaction to Geddes's preface, see Arthur J. Brock to Patrick Geddes, 3 October 1923, MS 10547, f.268, Geddes papers, NLS. Brock himself may have recognized problems in his own writing style. See the dedication in a copy of Health and Conduct in the Special Collections of the Andersonian Library, Strathclyde University: "To Mrs. T. B. Whitson, but for whose early intervention this book would have contained much more brackets, dashes, italics, asterisks, and inverted commas than it actually does. With kindest regards, from the author. Nov. 15, 1923." The book also has the stamp of the Outlook Tower Library.
105. Arthur J. Brock to Patrick Geddes, 3 October 1923, MS 10547, f.268, Geddes papers, NLS.
106. Brock, Health and Conduct, p. xv.
107. Ibid., p. 26.
108. Ibid., p. 24.
109. I b i d.
110. Ibid., p. xviii.
111. On the relationship between neurasthenia and the problematization of reality in late-nineteenth-century America, see T. J. Jackson Lears, No Place of Grace: Antimodemism and the Transformation of American Culture 1880-1920
112. On the relationship between neurasthenia and the problematization of reality in late-nineteenth-century America, see T. J. Jackson Lears, No Place of Grace: Antimodemism and the Transformation of American Culture 1880-1920 (New York: Pantheon Books, 1981), esp. chap, 1; and T. J. Jackson Lears, "From Salvation to Self-Realization: Advertising and the Therapeutic Roots of the Consumer Culture, 1880-1930," in The Culture of Consumption: Critical Essays in American History, 1880-1980, ed. Richard Wrightman Fox and T.J.Jackson Lears (New York: Pantheon Books, 1983).
113. Brock, Health and Conduct, p. 28; emphasis in original.
114. Ibid., p. 29,
115. Ibid., p. 31.
116. D. L. LeMahieu, A Culture for Democracy: Mass Communication and the Cultivated Mind in Britain between the Wars (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988). See also John Carey, The Intellectuals and the Masses: Pride and Prejudice among the Literary Intelligentsia, 1880-1939 (London: Faber and Faber, 1992); and Valentine Cunningham, British Writers of the Thirties (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989).
117. D. L. LeMahieu, A Culture for Democracy: Mass Communication and the Cultivated Mind in Britain between the Wars (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988). See also John Carey, The Intellectuals and the Masses: Pride and Prejudice among the Literary Intelligentsia, 1880-1939 (London: Faber and Faber, 1992); and Valentine Cunningham, British Writers of the Thirties (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989).
118. D. L. LeMahieu, A Culture for Democracy: Mass Communication and the Cultivated Mind in Britain between the Wars (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988). See also John Carey, The Intellectuals and the Masses: Pride and Prejudice among the Literary Intelligentsia, 1880-1939 (London: Faber and Faber, 1992); and Valentine Cunningham, British Writers of the Thirties (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989).
119. Brock, Health and Conduct, p. 30.
120. Ibid., p. 91.
121. Ibid., p. 86.
122. Ibid., esp. chap. 3.
123. Ibid., p. 235; emphasis in original.
124. Ibid., p. 2.
125. C. G. Lambie, "Review of Health and Conduct," Social. Rev., 1924, 16, 170-71. Another favorable review can be found in "Social Science: The New Way to Deal with Discontent," North Mail and Newcastle Daily Chronicle, 10 January 1924, 11.
126. C. G. Lambie, "Review of Health and Conduct," Social. Rev., 1924, 16, 170-71. Another favorable review can be found in "Social Science: The New Way to Deal with Discontent," North Mail and Newcastle Daily Chronicle, 10 January 1924, 11.
127. Review of Health and Conduct, in Lancet, 12 January 1924, 1, 81. The reviewer was also not impressed by the clarity of Geddes's introduction, a problem that seems to have applied more generally to Geddes's writings. Boardman attributes Geddes's and Branford's lack of influence in part to their poor writing style. Boardman, The Worlds of Patrick Geddes, p. 304.
128. Review of Health and Conduct, in Lancet, 12 January 1924, 1, 81. The reviewer was also not impressed by the clarity of Geddes's introduction, a problem that seems to have applied more generally to Geddes's writings. Boardman attributes Geddes's and Branford's lack of influence in part to their poor writing style. Boardman, The Worlds of Patrick Geddes, p. 304.
129. "Health and Conduct," Brit. Med. J., 1924, i, 632.
130. "Third Meeting of Council, June 22 1925. Report and Recommendation of Directors," Minute Book of the Council Meetings, Le Play House, 1924-29, VB 206, Victor Branford Papers, Archives Department, Keele University Library, Keele, Staffordshire, England. There is a copy of this edition of Health and Conduct in the Dunfermline public library, a paperback edition in a brown cover of the Williams and Norgate publication with the Le Play House Label pasted over the "Williams and Norgate" on the title page. Arthur J. Brock, Health and Conduct (Westminster: Le Play House Press, 1923).
131. Anon., "Death of Dr. A. J. Brock." He is listed as Medical Superintendent to the Garth Hill Home for Neurasthenic Cases (North Queensferry) in the Medical Directory, 1927-47. The spelling of Garth Hill is not consistent; it is also spelled Garthhill or Garthill. I have opted to use the first spelling.
132. A. J. Brock to Patrick Geddes, 3 July 1925, T-GED 9/1615, Geddes papers, Strathclyde University.
133. Arthur J. Brock to Patrick Geddes, 30 June 1930, MS 10551, f.126, Geddes papers, NLS. Brock's publications on neurasthenia at this time include "Neurasthenia or Melancholia?" Med. Press Cirv., 1930, 129, 240-41; "Some Notes on Mental Cases: Curable and Incurable," Med. Press Circ., 1931, 132, 417-19 and 437-40; and "Dreams, Folklore and Neurasthenia," Med. Press Circ., 1932, 134, 340-43 and 361-63. See also the letters by Brock and William K. Primrose in "Dreams, Folklore and Neurasthenia," 436.
134. Arthur J. Brock to Patrick Geddes, 30 June 1930, MS 10551, f.126, Geddes papers, NLS. Brock's publications on neurasthenia at this time include "Neurasthenia or Melancholia?" Med. Press Cirv., 1930, 129, 240-41; "Some Notes on Mental Cases: Curable and Incurable," Med. Press Circ., 1931, 132, 417-19 and 437-40; and "Dreams, Folklore and Neurasthenia," Med. Press Circ., 1932, 134, 340-43 and 361-63. See also the letters by Brock and William K. Primrose in "Dreams, Folklore and Neurasthenia," 436.
135. Arthur J. Brock to Patrick Geddes, 30 June 1930, MS 10551, f.126, Geddes papers, NLS. Brock's publications on neurasthenia at this time include "Neurasthenia or Melancholia?" Med. Press Cirv., 1930, 129, 240-41; "Some Notes on Mental Cases: Curable and Incurable," Med. Press Circ., 1931, 132, 417-19 and 437-40; and "Dreams, Folklore and Neurasthenia," Med. Press Circ., 1932, 134, 340-43 and 361-63. See also the letters by Brock and William K. Primrose in "Dreams, Folklore and Neurasthenia," 436.
136. Arthur J. Brock to Patrick Geddes, 30 June 1930, MS 10551, f.126, Geddes papers, NLS. Brock's publications on neurasthenia at this time include "Neurasthenia or Melancholia?" Med. Press Cirv., 1930, 129, 240-41; "Some Notes on Mental Cases: Curable and Incurable," Med. Press Circ., 1931, 132, 417-19 and 437-40; and "Dreams, Folklore and Neurasthenia," Med. Press Circ., 1932, 134, 340-43 and 361-63. See also the letters by Brock and William K. Primrose in "Dreams, Folklore and Neurasthenia," 436.
137. Arthur J. Brock to Patrick Geddes, 30 June 1930, MS 10551, f.126, Geddes papers, NLS.
138. This description is taken from A. J. Brock, "The Story of North Queensferry. XXXIII. A Glance at Past and Present," Dunfermline Press, 23 December 1933, 3. There is a brief account of the North Queensferry Development Association and Brock's involvement in it in Peter and Carol Dean, Passage of Time. The Story of the North Queensferry Passage and the Village of North Queensferry (North Queensferry, Fife: Authors, 1981), pp. 73-74. This account also seems to be largely derived from Brock's 1933 account, but it also sets the association in the context of declining local employment, an increase in residential accommodation, and the increasing prosperity of the community. See also the report of the planning meeting in "North Queensferry," Dunfermline Press, 23 January 1932, 11; and plans to form a history and music circle in "North Queensferry," Dunfermline Press, 6 February 1932, 11, and "North Queensferry," Dunfermline Press, 27 February 1932, 11, respectively.
139. This description is taken from A. J. Brock, "The Story of North Queensferry. XXXIII. A Glance at Past and Present," Dunfermline Press, 23 December 1933, 3. There is a brief account of the North Queensferry Development Association and Brock's involvement in it in Peter and Carol Dean, Passage of Time. The Story of the North Queensferry Passage and the Village of North Queensferry (North Queensferry, Fife: Authors, 1981), pp. 73-74. This account also seems to be largely derived from Brock's 1933 account, but it also sets the association in the context of declining local employment, an increase in residential accommodation, and the increasing prosperity of the community. See also the report of the planning meeting in "North Queensferry," Dunfermline Press, 23 January 1932, 11; and plans to form a history and music circle in "North Queensferry," Dunfermline Press, 6 February 1932, 11, and "North Queensferry," Dunfermline Press, 27 February 1932, 11, respectively.
140. This description is taken from A. J. Brock, "The Story of North Queensferry. XXXIII. A Glance at Past and Present," Dunfermline Press, 23 December 1933, 3. There is a brief account of the North Queensferry Development Association and Brock's involvement in it in Peter and Carol Dean, Passage of Time. The Story of the North Queensferry Passage and the Village of North Queensferry (North Queensferry, Fife: Authors, 1981), pp. 73-74. This account also seems to be largely derived from Brock's 1933 account, but it also sets the association in the context of declining local employment, an increase in residential accommodation, and the increasing prosperity of the community. See also the report of the planning meeting in "North Queensferry," Dunfermline Press, 23 January 1932, 11; and plans to form a history and music circle in "North Queensferry," Dunfermline Press, 6 February 1932, 11, and "North Queensferry," Dunfermline Press, 27 February 1932, 11, respectively.
141. This description is taken from A. J. Brock, "The Story of North Queensferry. XXXIII. A Glance at Past and Present," Dunfermline Press, 23 December 1933, 3. There is a brief account of the North Queensferry Development Association and Brock's involvement in it in Peter and Carol Dean, Passage of Time. The Story of the North Queensferry Passage and the Village of North Queensferry (North Queensferry, Fife: Authors, 1981), pp. 73-74. This account also seems to be largely derived from Brock's 1933 account, but it also sets the association in the context of declining local employment, an increase in residential accommodation, and the increasing prosperity of the community. See also the report of the planning meeting in "North Queensferry," Dunfermline Press, 23 January 1932, 11; and plans to form a history and music circle in "North Queensferry," Dunfermline Press, 6 February 1932, 11, and "North Queensferry," Dunfermline Press, 27 February 1932, 11, respectively.
142. This description is taken from A. J. Brock, "The Story of North Queensferry. XXXIII. A Glance at Past and Present," Dunfermline Press, 23 December 1933, 3. There is a brief account of the North Queensferry Development Association and Brock's involvement in it in Peter and Carol Dean, Passage of Time. The Story of the North Queensferry Passage and the Village of North Queensferry (North Queensferry, Fife: Authors, 1981), pp. 73-74. This account also seems to be largely derived from Brock's 1933 account, but it also sets the association in the context of declining local employment, an increase in residential accommodation, and the increasing prosperity of the community. See also the report of the planning meeting in "North Queensferry," Dunfermline Press, 23 January 1932, 11; and plans to form a history and music circle in "North Queensferry," Dunfermline Press, 6 February 1932, 11, and "North Queensferry," Dunfermline Press, 27 February 1932, 11, respectively.
143. Mr. A. Batchley, secretary of the North Queensferry Development Association reported in Anon., "Death of Dr. A. J. Brock."
144. See Appendix A.
145. A. J. Brock, "Birth Control and War," Brit. Med. J., 1936, i, 286.
146. A. J. Brock, "War and Peace," Brit. Med. J., 1935, ii, 925-26 at 925. See also Brock, "War and Peace," 1022-23.
147. A. J. Brock, "War and Peace," Brit. Med. J., 1935, ii, 925-26 at 925. See also Brock, "War and Peace," 1022-23.
148. Arthur J. Brock, "Crowd-Psychology as the Modern Menace: A Medico-Sociological Study," Edinburgh Med. J., 1936, 43, 259-74, 268.
149. Arthur J. Brock, "Back to the Land," in Medical Opinions on War (Amsterdam: Published for the Netherlands Medical Association, Committee for War-Prophylaxis, by Elsevier, 1939), pp. 53-59 at p. 59; and Brock, "Crowd-Psychology as the Modern Menace," p. 269.
150. Arthur J. Brock, "Back to the Land," in Medical Opinions on War (Amsterdam: Published for the Netherlands Medical Association, Committee for War-Prophylaxis, by Elsevier, 1939), pp. 53-59 at p. 59; and Brock, "Crowd-Psychology as the Modern Menace," p. 269.
151. With apologies to Seamus Heaney, "Antaeus" in his Opened Ground: Selected Poems 1966-1996 (New York: Farrar, Strauss and Giroux, 1998), p. 15.
152. Brock, "Back to the Land," p. 59. See also Acturus (probably a pseudonym for Brock), "Antaeus, Or Back to the Land," Hydra Mag. Craiglockhart War Hosp. (N.S.), January 1918, 3, 3-4.
153. Brock, "Back to the Land," p. 59. See also Acturus (probably a pseudonym for Brock), "Antaeus, Or Back to the Land," Hydra Mag. Craiglockhart War Hosp. (N.S.), January 1918, 3, 3-4.
154. A. J. Brock, "Social Pathology," Brit. Med. J., 1938, ii, 762-63 at 763.
155. Brock, "Crowd-Psychology as the Modern Menace," p. 273.
156. A. J. Brock, "The Psychology of the Medical Profession," Brit. Med. J., 1938, i, 1235. See also the correspondence on this subject by N. Howard Jones, " 'The Psychology of the Medical Profession'," Brit, Med. J., 1938, i, 1391; and Brock, "The Psychology of the Medical Profession," p. 97.
157. A. J. Brock, "The Psychology of the Medical Profession," Brit. Med. J., 1938, i, 1235. See also the correspondence on this subject by N. Howard Jones, " 'The Psychology of the Medical Profession'," Brit, Med. J., 1938, i, 1391; and Brock, "The Psychology of the Medical Profession," p. 97.
158. A. J. Brock, "The Psychology of the Medical Profession," Brit. Med. J., 1938, i, 1235. See also the correspondence on this subject by N. Howard Jones, " 'The Psychology of the Medical Profession'," Brit, Med. J., 1938, i, 1391; and Brock, "The Psychology of the Medical Profession," p. 97.
159. For Brock's views on neo-Hippocratism, see his response to Robert Hutchison's 1931 Harvean oration. Robert Hutchison, "Harvey: The Man, His Method, and His Message for Us To-day," Brit. Med. J., 1931, ii, 733-39; A. J. Brock, "Neo-Hippocratism and State Control of Medicine," Brit. Med. J., 1931, ii, 1012-13. See also A. J. Brock, "Child Guidance Clinics and Neo-Hippocratism," Brit. Med. J., 1932, i, 122-23; and A. J. Brock, " 'The Use of the Self,' " Brit. Med. J., 1932, i, 1192.
160. For Brock's views on neo-Hippocratism, see his response to Robert Hutchison's 1931 Harvean oration. Robert Hutchison, "Harvey: The Man, His Method, and His Message for Us To-day," Brit. Med. J., 1931, ii, 733-39; A. J. Brock, "Neo-Hippocratism and State Control of Medicine," Brit. Med. J., 1931, ii, 1012-13. See also A. J. Brock, "Child Guidance Clinics and Neo-Hippocratism," Brit. Med. J., 1932, i, 122-23; and A. J. Brock, " 'The Use of the Self,' " Brit. Med. J., 1932, i, 1192.
161. For Brock's views on neo-Hippocratism, see his response to Robert Hutchison's 1931 Harvean oration. Robert Hutchison, "Harvey: The Man, His Method, and His Message for Us To-day," Brit. Med. J., 1931, ii, 733-39; A. J. Brock, "Neo-Hippocratism and State Control of Medicine," Brit. Med. J., 1931, ii, 1012-13. See also A. J. Brock, "Child Guidance Clinics and Neo-Hippocratism," Brit. Med. J., 1932, i, 122-23; and A. J. Brock, " 'The Use of the Self,' " Brit. Med. J., 1932, i, 1192.
162. For Brock's views on neo-Hippocratism, see his response to Robert Hutchison's 1931 Harvean oration. Robert Hutchison, "Harvey: The Man, His Method, and His Message for Us To-day," Brit. Med. J., 1931, ii, 733-39; A. J. Brock, "Neo-Hippocratism and State Control of Medicine," Brit. Med. J., 1931, ii, 1012-13. See also A. J. Brock, "Child Guidance Clinics and Neo-Hippocratism," Brit. Med. J., 1932, i, 122-23; and A. J. Brock, " 'The Use of the Self,' " Brit. Med. J., 1932, i, 1192.
163. Brock, "Back to the Land"; and Brock, "Crowd-Psychology as the Modern Menace," p. 268.
164. Brock, "Back to the Land"; and Brock, "Crowd-Psychology as the Modern Menace," p. 268.
165. A. J. Brock, A Federal Scotland (pamphlet printed by the Free Man Press, Inverkeithing, Fife, for the Publishers, Young Scotland), [?] 194.6, copy in National Library of Scotland, Shelf Mark 5.2707.
166. A. J. Brock, "Doctors and the Future," Brit. Med.J., 1943, i, 739. See also A. J. Brock, "The Future of Medicine," Brit. Med. J. 18 December 1943, 791-92; and A. J. Brock, "Fallacy of the Health Service Bill," Brit. Med. J., 1946, i, 698. In Brock's view, workers had already become "machine minders." Brock, "Crowd-Psychology as the Modern Menace," p. 260.
167. A. J. Brock, "Doctors and the Future," Brit. Med.J., 1943, i, 739. See also A. J. Brock, "The Future of Medicine," Brit. Med. J. 18 December 1943, 791-92; and A. J. Brock, "Fallacy of the Health Service Bill," Brit. Med. J., 1946, i, 698. In Brock's view, workers had already become "machine minders." Brock, "Crowd-Psychology as the Modern Menace," p. 260.
168. A. J. Brock, "Doctors and the Future," Brit. Med.J., 1943, i, 739. See also A. J. Brock, "The Future of Medicine," Brit. Med. J. 18 December 1943, 791-92; and A. J. Brock, "Fallacy of the Health Service Bill," Brit. Med. J., 1946, i, 698. In Brock's view, workers had already become "machine minders." Brock, "Crowd-Psychology as the Modern Menace," p. 260.
169. A. J. Brock, "Doctors and the Future," Brit. Med.J., 1943, i, 739. See also A. J. Brock, "The Future of Medicine," Brit. Med. J. 18 December 1943, 791-92; and A. J. Brock, "Fallacy of the Health Service Bill," Brit. Med. J., 1946, i, 698. In Brock's view, workers had already become "machine minders." Brock, "Crowd-Psychology as the Modern Menace," p. 260.
170. Anon., "Death of Dr. A. J. Brock"; and Nicholson, "The Late Dr. Brock."
171. Anon., "Death of Dr. A. J. Brock"; and Nicholson, "The Late Dr. Brock."
172. Nicholson, "The Late Dr. Brock."
173. Brock, "Neo-Hippocratism," p. 1012.
174. Greek Medicine, p. 1.
175. Ibid.; emphasis in original.
176. Ibid., p. 2.
177. Brock, Health and Conduct, pp. 255-56. For interwar medical concerns about language, see Cantor, "The NAME and the WORD."
178. Brock, Health and Conduct, pp. 255-56. For interwar medical concerns about language, see Cantor, "The NAME and the WORD."
179. Arthur J. Brock to Patrick Geddes, 27 September 1902, MS 10533, f.160, Geddes papers, NLS.
180. Arthur J. Brock, "Place Names of the Forth and Tay Area," Trans. Perthshire Soc. Nat. Sci., 1929-30, 9, 10-22 at 10.
181. Brock himself assisted his readers in this research, regularly writing and lecturing on the subject of the place names of Fife and elsewhere. See his articles: "Place Names of the Forth and Tay Area"; "Place-Names of the Forth Basin," Dunfermline Press, 9 May 1925, 6; "More Place-Names from the Queensferry Area," Dunfermline Press, 20 June 1925, 5; "More about Place-Names," Dunfermline Press, 1 August 1925, 3; N. M. Johnson and A. J. Brock, "The Ferry Hills. A Bibliography of Place-Names," Dunfermline Press, 14 November 1925. 2; "Place Names of West Fife. Lecture by Dr. A. J. Brock," Dunfermline Press, 3 March 1928, 8; "Another Sheaf of Forth-Side Place-Names," Dunfermline Press, 3 April 1926. 4; "Local Place Names," Dunfermline Press, 10 June 1939, 4; and "Fife Place Names," Dunfermline Press, 31 August 1946, 6. He also wrote on the indigenous names for local fauna and flora: "Names of Birds, Animals and Plants in West Fife," Dunfermline Press, 19 December 1925, 5.
182. Brock himself assisted his readers in this research, regularly writing and lecturing on the subject of the place names of Fife and elsewhere. See his articles: "Place Names of the Forth and Tay Area"; "Place-Names of the Forth Basin," Dunfermline Press, 9 May 1925, 6; "More Place-Names from the Queensferry Area," Dunfermline Press, 20 June 1925, 5; "More about Place-Names," Dunfermline Press, 1 August 1925, 3; N. M. Johnson and A. J. Brock, "The Ferry Hills. A Bibliography of Place-Names," Dunfermline Press, 14 November 1925. 2; "Place Names of West Fife. Lecture by Dr. A. J. Brock," Dunfermline Press, 3 March 1928, 8; "Another Sheaf of Forth-Side Place-Names," Dunfermline Press, 3 April 1926. 4; "Local Place Names," Dunfermline Press, 10 June 1939, 4; and "Fife Place Names," Dunfermline Press, 31 August 1946, 6. He also wrote on the indigenous names for local fauna and flora: "Names of Birds, Animals and Plants in West Fife," Dunfermline Press, 19 December 1925, 5.
183. Brock himself assisted his readers in this research, regularly writing and lecturing on the subject of the place names of Fife and elsewhere. See his articles: "Place Names of the Forth and Tay Area"; "Place-Names of the Forth Basin," Dunfermline Press, 9 May 1925, 6; "More Place-Names from the Queensferry Area," Dunfermline Press, 20 June 1925, 5; "More about Place-Names," Dunfermline Press, 1 August 1925, 3; N. M. Johnson and A. J. Brock, "The Ferry Hills. A Bibliography of Place-Names," Dunfermline Press, 14 November 1925. 2; "Place Names of West Fife. Lecture by Dr. A. J. Brock," Dunfermline Press, 3 March 1928, 8; "Another Sheaf of Forth-Side Place-Names," Dunfermline Press, 3 April 1926. 4; "Local Place Names," Dunfermline Press, 10 June 1939, 4; and "Fife Place Names," Dunfermline Press, 31 August 1946, 6. He also wrote on the indigenous names for local fauna and flora: "Names of Birds, Animals and Plants in West Fife," Dunfermline Press, 19 December 1925, 5.
184. Brock himself assisted his readers in this research, regularly writing and lecturing on the subject of the place names of Fife and elsewhere. See his articles: "Place Names of the Forth and Tay Area"; "Place-Names of the Forth Basin," Dunfermline Press, 9 May 1925, 6; "More Place-Names from the Queensferry Area," Dunfermline Press, 20 June 1925, 5; "More about Place-Names," Dunfermline Press, 1 August 1925, 3; N. M. Johnson and A. J. Brock, "The Ferry Hills. A Bibliography of Place-Names," Dunfermline Press, 14 November 1925. 2; "Place Names of West Fife. Lecture by Dr. A. J. Brock," Dunfermline Press, 3 March 1928, 8; "Another Sheaf of Forth-Side Place-Names," Dunfermline Press, 3 April 1926. 4; "Local Place Names," Dunfermline Press, 10 June 1939, 4; and "Fife Place Names," Dunfermline Press, 31 August 1946, 6. He also wrote on the indigenous names for local fauna and flora: "Names of Birds, Animals and Plants in West Fife," Dunfermline Press, 19 December 1925, 5.
185. Brock himself assisted his readers in this research, regularly writing and lecturing on the subject of the place names of Fife and elsewhere. See his articles: "Place Names of the Forth and Tay Area"; "Place-Names of the Forth Basin," Dunfermline Press, 9 May 1925, 6; "More Place-Names from the Queensferry Area," Dunfermline Press, 20 June 1925, 5; "More about Place-Names," Dunfermline Press, 1 August 1925, 3; N. M. Johnson and A. J. Brock, "The Ferry Hills. A Bibliography of Place-Names," Dunfermline Press, 14 November 1925. 2; "Place Names of West Fife. Lecture by Dr. A. J. Brock," Dunfermline Press, 3 March 1928, 8; "Another Sheaf of Forth-Side Place-Names," Dunfermline Press, 3 April 1926. 4; "Local Place Names," Dunfermline Press, 10 June 1939, 4; and "Fife Place Names," Dunfermline Press, 31 August 1946, 6. He also wrote on the indigenous names for local fauna and flora: "Names of Birds, Animals and Plants in West Fife," Dunfermline Press, 19 December 1925, 5.
186. Brock himself assisted his readers in this research, regularly writing and lecturing on the subject of the place names of Fife and elsewhere. See his articles: "Place Names of the Forth and Tay Area"; "Place-Names of the Forth Basin," Dunfermline Press, 9 May 1925, 6; "More Place-Names from the Queensferry Area," Dunfermline Press, 20 June 1925, 5; "More about Place-Names," Dunfermline Press, 1 August 1925, 3; N. M. Johnson and A. J. Brock, "The Ferry Hills. A Bibliography of Place-Names," Dunfermline Press, 14 November 1925. 2; "Place Names of West Fife. Lecture by Dr. A. J. Brock," Dunfermline Press, 3 March 1928, 8; "Another Sheaf of Forth-Side Place-Names," Dunfermline Press, 3 April 1926. 4; "Local Place Names," Dunfermline Press, 10 June 1939, 4; and "Fife Place Names," Dunfermline Press, 31 August 1946, 6. He also wrote on the indigenous names for local fauna and flora: "Names of Birds, Animals and Plants in West Fife," Dunfermline Press, 19 December 1925, 5.
187. Brock himself assisted his readers in this research, regularly writing and lecturing on the subject of the place names of Fife and elsewhere. See his articles: "Place Names of the Forth and Tay Area"; "Place-Names of the Forth Basin," Dunfermline Press, 9 May 1925, 6; "More Place-Names from the Queensferry Area," Dunfermline Press, 20 June 1925, 5; "More about Place-Names," Dunfermline Press, 1 August 1925, 3; N. M. Johnson and A. J. Brock, "The Ferry Hills. A Bibliography of Place-Names," Dunfermline Press, 14 November 1925. 2; "Place Names of West Fife. Lecture by Dr. A. J. Brock," Dunfermline Press, 3 March 1928, 8; "Another Sheaf of Forth-Side Place-Names," Dunfermline Press, 3 April 1926. 4; "Local Place Names," Dunfermline Press, 10 June 1939, 4; and "Fife Place Names," Dunfermline Press, 31 August 1946, 6. He also wrote on the indigenous names for local fauna and flora: "Names of Birds, Animals and Plants in West Fife," Dunfermline Press, 19 December 1925, 5.
188. Brock himself assisted his readers in this research, regularly writing and lecturing on the subject of the place names of Fife and elsewhere. See his articles: "Place Names of the Forth and Tay Area"; "Place-Names of the Forth Basin," Dunfermline Press, 9 May 1925, 6; "More Place-Names from the Queensferry Area," Dunfermline Press, 20 June 1925, 5; "More about Place-Names," Dunfermline Press, 1 August 1925, 3; N. M. Johnson and A. J. Brock, "The Ferry Hills. A Bibliography of Place-Names," Dunfermline Press, 14 November 1925. 2; "Place Names of West Fife. Lecture by Dr. A. J. Brock," Dunfermline Press, 3 March 1928, 8; "Another Sheaf of Forth-Side Place-Names," Dunfermline Press, 3 April 1926. 4; "Local Place Names," Dunfermline Press, 10 June 1939, 4; and "Fife Place Names," Dunfermline Press, 31 August 1946, 6. He also wrote on the indigenous names for local fauna and flora: "Names of Birds, Animals and Plants in West Fife," Dunfermline Press, 19 December 1925, 5.
189. Brock himself assisted his readers in this research, regularly writing and lecturing on the subject of the place names of Fife and elsewhere. See his articles: "Place Names of the Forth and Tay Area"; "Place-Names of the Forth Basin," Dunfermline Press, 9 May 1925, 6; "More Place-Names from the Queensferry Area," Dunfermline Press, 20 June 1925, 5; "More about Place-Names," Dunfermline Press, 1 August 1925, 3; N. M. Johnson and A. J. Brock, "The Ferry Hills. A Bibliography of Place-Names," Dunfermline Press, 14 November 1925. 2; "Place Names of West Fife. Lecture by Dr. A. J. Brock," Dunfermline Press, 3 March 1928, 8; "Another Sheaf of Forth-Side Place-Names," Dunfermline Press, 3 April 1926. 4; "Local Place Names," Dunfermline Press, 10 June 1939, 4; and "Fife Place Names," Dunfermline Press, 31 August 1946, 6. He also wrote on the indigenous names for local fauna and flora: "Names of Birds, Animals and Plants in West Fife," Dunfermline Press, 19 December 1925, 5.
190. Brock himself assisted his readers in this research, regularly writing and lecturing on the subject of the place names of Fife and elsewhere. See his articles: "Place Names of the Forth and Tay Area"; "Place-Names of the Forth Basin," Dunfermline Press, 9 May 1925, 6; "More Place-Names from the Queensferry Area," Dunfermline Press, 20 June 1925, 5; "More about Place-Names," Dunfermline Press, 1 August 1925, 3; N. M. Johnson and A. J. Brock, "The Ferry Hills. A Bibliography of Place-Names," Dunfermline Press, 14 November 1925. 2; "Place Names of West Fife. Lecture by Dr. A. J. Brock," Dunfermline Press, 3 March 1928, 8; "Another Sheaf of Forth-Side Place-Names," Dunfermline Press, 3 April 1926. 4; "Local Place Names," Dunfermline Press, 10 June 1939, 4; and "Fife Place Names," Dunfermline Press, 31 August 1946, 6. He also wrote on the indigenous names for local fauna and flora: "Names of Birds, Animals and Plants in West Fife," Dunfermline Press, 19 December 1925, 5.
191. Brock, Health and Conduct, p. 174.
192. For Geddes's involvement in Celtic revivalism, his interest in Scottish history, and his attempts to distance the latter from an English perspective, see Meller, Patrick Geddes, pp. 100-2.
193. Macgregor, "Pedigree from Andrew Brock."
194. For example, Health and Conduct included references not only to medical history but also to political and local history.
195. See the histories of place names list in note in. See also A. J. Brock, "Religious Differences in Earlier Days," Dunfermline Press, 17 April 1926, 5; A. J. Brock, "Good Queen Margaret: Some Interesting Queries, " Dunfermline Press, 6 December 1930, 6; A. J. Brock, "The Story of Inverkeithing and Rosyth," Dunfermline Press, 25 February 1939, 5; and A. J. Brock, "Ancient Northumbria and Modem Fife," Dunfermline Press, 25 May 1946, 3.
196. See the histories of place names list in note in. See also A. J. Brock, "Religious Differences in Earlier Days," Dunfermline Press, 17 April 1926, 5; A. J. Brock, "Good Queen Margaret: Some Interesting Queries, " Dunfermline Press, 6 December 1930, 6; A. J. Brock, "The Story of Inverkeithing and Rosyth," Dunfermline Press, 25 February 1939, 5; and A. J. Brock, "Ancient Northumbria and Modem Fife," Dunfermline Press, 25 May 1946, 3.
197. See the histories of place names list in note in. See also A. J. Brock, "Religious Differences in Earlier Days," Dunfermline Press, 17 April 1926, 5; A. J. Brock, "Good Queen Margaret: Some Interesting Queries, " Dunfermline Press, 6 December 1930, 6; A. J. Brock, "The Story of Inverkeithing and Rosyth," Dunfermline Press, 25 February 1939, 5; and A. J. Brock, "Ancient Northumbria and Modem Fife," Dunfermline Press, 25 May 1946, 3.
198. See the histories of place names list in note in. See also A. J. Brock, "Religious Differences in Earlier Days," Dunfermline Press, 17 April 1926, 5; A. J. Brock, "Good Queen Margaret: Some Interesting Queries, " Dunfermline Press, 6 December 1930, 6; A. J. Brock, "The Story of Inverkeithing and Rosyth," Dunfermline Press, 25 February 1939, 5; and A. J. Brock, "Ancient Northumbria and Modem Fife," Dunfermline Press, 25 May 1946, 3.
199. A. J. B[rock], "Evolving Edinburgh," Hydra Mag. Craiglockhart Hosp. (N.S.), May 1918, 7, 4-7; and Hydra Mag. Craiglockhart Hosp. (N.S.), June 1918, 8, 10-12 and July 1918, 9, 4-7.
200. A. J. B[rock], "Evolving Edinburgh," Hydra Mag. Craiglockhart Hosp. (N.S.), May 1918, 7, 4-7; and Hydra Mag. Craiglockhart Hosp. (N.S.), June 1918, 8, 10-12 and July 1918, 9, 4-7.
201. See Appendix B.
202. "North Queensferry," Dunfermline Press, 6 February 1932, 11.
203. "Brock, Health and Conduct, pp. 56-57.
204. Ibid., pp. 264-65.
205. Ibid., p. 264.
206. Ibid., pp. 185-90.
207. Ibid., pp. 206-9.
208. Ibid., p. 190.
209. Ibid., pp. 190-94.
210. Ibid., pp. 198-201.
211. Galen, On the Natural Faculties, p. xi.
212. A. J. Brock, "The Constitution of the Association," Brit. Med.J., 1913, i, 417; and A. J. Brock, "Trades Unionism and Medicine, " Brit. Med. J., 1913, i, 688.
213. A. J. Brock, "The Constitution of the Association," Brit. Med.J., 1913, i, 417; and A. J. Brock, "Trades Unionism and Medicine, " Brit. Med. J., 1913, i, 688.
214. Galen, On the Natural Faculties, p. xiii.
215. A.J. Brock, "The 'E.R.A.' Cult," Brit. Med. J., 1924, i, 217.
216. Brock, Health and Conduct, p. 201.
217. Galen, On the Natural Faculties, p. xxxiv.
218. Arthur J. Brock, "Medical Theory as an Expression of the Zeitgeist," n.d., annotated proofs, T-GED 3/3/27, Geddes papers, Strathclyde University. The quotation in the text is as Brock corrected the proofs. The uncorrected proofs used the phrase orthodox medicine instead of official medicine. The proofs are not paginated; the quotation can be found on the last page.
219. Turner, The Greek Heritage in Victorian Britain. See also Stray, Classic Transformed.
220. Turner, The Greek Heritage in Victorian Britain. See also Stray, Classic Transformed.
221. For a discussion of medical portrayals of the public, see David Cantor, "Representing The Public': Medicine, Charity and Emotion in Twentieth-Century Britain," in Medicine, Health and the Public Sphere in Britain, 1600-2000, ed. Steve Sturdy (London and New York: Routledge, 2002), pp. 145-68.