Lessons from the Taiwan relations act

Orbis

Volumn 44, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 63-77

  Chang, Jaw Ling Joanne ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF EUROPEAN AND AMERICAN STUDIES   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 11144291409     PISSN: 00304387     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0030-4387(99)00017-4     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. An earlier version of this article was presented at an international conference sponsored by the Institute of European and American Studies, Academia Sinica, Apr. 9-10, 1999.
2. Joseph S. Nye, Jr., "The Case for Deep Engagement," Foreign Affairs, July/Aug. 1995, p. 91.
3. Representative Peter Deutsch speaking in support of H. Con. Res. 22, Congressional Record, vol. 145, no. 37 (Mar. 9, 1999), p. E371;
4. John Pomfret, "Chinese Missiles Menace Taiwan," Washington Post, Feb. 11, 1999.
5. Michael Laris, "Taiwan Shrugs Off Threat," Washington Post, Aug. 11, 1999;
6. Christopher Bodeen, "Taiwan Confirms Chinese Jets Violated Its Airspace," Washington Times, Aug. 11, 1999.
7. United States Department of Commerce News (Washington, D.C.: Department of Commerce, Feb. 19, 1999), p. 19. All figures are in U.S. dollars.
8. United States Department of Commerce News ( 1999), p. 19. Ibid.
9. Chen Chien-jen, "US Should Adjust Policy to Reflect New Realities," The Free China Journal, Oct. 9, 1998, p. 7.
10. The Taiwan Relations Act, Apr. 10, 1979, Public Law 96-8, 222 U.S. Code, secs. 3301-3316,
11. reprinted in International Legal Materials, vol. 18 (1979), pp. 873-77.
12. William Cohen, The United States Security Strategy for the East Asia-Pacific Region (Washington, D.C.: Department of Defense, Nov. 1998), p. 35.
13. Lester L. Wolff and David L. Simon, eds., Legislative History of the Taiwan Relations Act: An Analytical Compilation with Documents on Subsequent Developments (Jamaica, N.Y.: American Association for Chinese Studies, 1982), pp. 314-15, 321-22;
14. Richard Bush, "Helping the Republic of China to Defend Itself," in A Unique Relationship, ed. Raymon H. Myers (Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1989), p. 89.
15. U.S. Congress, House Committee on Foreign Affairs, Implementation of the Taiwan Relations Act, Hearings, 96th Congress, 1st Session, Oct. 23 and Nov. 8, 1979, p. 51.
16. For details, see Jaw-ling Joanne Chang, "How Clinton Bashed Taiwan and Why," Orbis, Fall 1995, pp. 567-82.
17. Melinda Liu, "Secretary of State Madeleine Albright on the Impact of the U.S. President's Historic Nine-Day Visit to China," Newsweek, July 13, 1998, p. 22.
18. Natale H. Bellocchi, "The Taiwan Relations Act - 20 Years Experience" (paper presented at the International Conference on 1998 Taiwan National Security, Taipei, Nov. 6, 1998), p. 22.
19. U.S. Congress, House Committee on International Relations, H. Con. Res. 63 Relating to the Republic of China (Taiwan's) Participation in the United Nations, Hearing, 104th Congress, 1st Session, Aug. 3, 1995, p. 70.
20. John G. Stoessinger, Why Nations Go to War, 6th ed. (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993), pp. 214-15.
21. For details of the causes of the crisis, see Jaw-ling Joanne Chang, "The Taiwan-Strait Crisis of 1995-1996," in Postwar Taiwan in Historical Perspective, ed. Chun-chieh Huang (College Park, Md.: University Press of Maryland, 1998), pp. 280-303.
22. United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corporation, 299 U.S. 304 (1936).
23. Bellocchi, "The Taiwan Relations Act - 20 Years Experience," p. 17.
24. Bellocchi, The Taiwan Relations Act - 20 Years Experience p. 17. Ibid.;
25. see also Bush, "Helping the Republic of China," p. 86.
26. Bellocchi, "The Taiwan Relations Act - 20 Years Experience," p. 17.
27. Steven Mufson, "China Warns U.S. Against Taiwan," Washington Post, Mar. 12, 1996.
28. U.S. Department of State, Office of the Spokesman, Background Briefing by Senior Administration's Officials after Secretary Christopher's Bilateral Meeting with Chinese Foreign Minister Qian, New York City, Apr. 17, 1995, p. 13.
29. Michael Dobbs, "U.S. Focuses on Better Ties of China," Washington Post, July 9, 1996.
30. Steven Strasser et al., "This Is Not the Right Way to Treat Others," Newsweek, Oct. 23, 1995, p. 12.
31. "China Issues Strong Protest to U.S.," Beijing Review, June 12-18, 1995, p. 18.
32. Mortimer B. Zuckerman et al., "The Problem Is Political Will," U.S. News and World Report, Oct. 23, 1995, p. 72.
33. Harlan W. Jencks, "Taiwan in the International Arms Market," in Taiwan in World Affairs, ed. Robert Sutter and William R. Johnson (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1994), p. 81.
34. James Mann, "Henry Clinton," The New Republic, Dec. 27, 1993, pp. 12, 82.
35. Personal interview with Douglas H. Paal, Aug. 29, 1995, in Taipei, Taiwan.
36. "Presidential Decision on Military Sales to China," U.S. Department of State Dispatch, Jan. 4, 1993, p. 10.
37. "Senate Rejects MFN Override," Congressional Quarterly, Oct. 3, 1992, p. 3027;
38. Jencks, "Taiwan in the International Arms Market," pp. 85-86.
39. Nye, "The Case for Deep Engagement"; Anthony Lake, "From Containment to Enlargement," U.S. Department of State Dispatch, Sept. 27, 1993, pp. 658-64;
40. Winston Lord, "U.S. Maintains Comprehensive Engagement with China," statement before Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Oct. 11, 1995, AIT Policy File, Oct. 13, 1995, GB-95-32, pp. 1-6;
41. William Perry, "Engagement Is neither Containment nor Appeasement," remarks at the Washington State China Relations Council, Oct. 30, 1995, AIT Policy File, Nov. 3, 1995, GB-95-36, pp. 1-10;
42. James B. Sternberg, "Policy and Principles: The Clinton Administration's Approach," U.S. Department of State Dispatch, Feb. 5, 1996, pp. 26-29.
43. Robert G. Sutter, "China Policy Crisis Over Taiwan, 1995 - A Post Mortem," CRS Report for Congress, 95-1173F (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, Dec. 5, 1995), pp. 2-3.
44. Perry, "Engagement Is neither Containment nor Appeasement," p. 4.
45. Winston Lord, "U.S. Must Allocate Resources to Back Security Policies in Asia," House International Relations Committee testimony, AIT Text File, Aug. 1, 1995, BG-95-24, p. 11.
46. Sutter, "China Policy Crisis Over Taiwan," p. 9;
47. Arthur Waldron, "Deterring China," Commentary, Oct. 1995, pp. 17-21;
48. Gideon Rachman, "Containing China," The Washington Quarterly, Spring 1996, pp. 129-39;
49. James Shinn, ed., Weaving the Net (New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1996), pp. 8-9;
50. Denny Roy, "The China Threat Issue: Major Arguments," Asian Survey, Aug. 1996, pp. 758-71;
51. Michael Richarson, "A Resurgent China Sets off Alarms over Containment," International Herald Tribune, July 7, 1995;
52. Masashi Nishihara, "Japan Has Cause to Worry about Chinese Ambition," International Herald Tribune, July 12, 1994;
53. Ann Kent, "China: On the Rise or on the March?" Canberra Times, July 29, 1995;
54. Robert Sutter, "China's Rising Military Power and Influence - Issues and Options for the U.S.," CRS Report for Congress, 96-66F (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, Jan. 16, 1996), pp. 1-45;
55. "China Goes Ballistic," "Free-for-all," "The Pekinese and the Lamp Post," The Economist, July 29, 1995, pp. 17-19;
56. Bill Gertz, "Missile Tests Raise Fear of Chinese Aggression in Asia," Washington Times, Aug. 15, 1995;
57. Jason Glashow and Michael J. Witt, "Boost in Chinese Buildup Fuels Asian Worry," Defense News, Jan. 29-Feb. 4, 1996, p. 6;
58. Michael Leifer, "East Asia Fears Chinese Hegemony as U.S. Presence Ebbs," International Herald Tribune, Jan. 20-21, 1996;
59. James Baker III, "Patchwork Asian Policy Begs Repair," Washington Times, May 20, 1996;
60. Richard Bernstein and Ross H. Munro, "The Coming Conflict with America," Foreign Affairs, Mar./Apr. 1997, pp. 18-32.
61. These figures, from the Mainland Affairs Council, Executive Yuan, Republic of China, are taken from numerous surveys of Taiwanese adults, conducted between 1994 and 1999 by the following organizations: the Election Study Center, National Chengchi University, Taipei; Burke Marketing Research, Ltd., Taipei; China Credit Information Service, Ltd., Taipei; Center for Public Opinion and Election Studies, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung; and Survey and Opinion Research Group, Department of Political Science, Chung-Cheng University, Chiayi.
62. Allan E. Goodman, The Lost Peace (Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1978), p. 165.
63. Stanley O. Roth, "The Taiwan Relations Act at Twenty - and Beyond," speech delivered at the international conference "Two Decades of U.S.-Taiwan Relations," jointly sponsored by the Woodrow Wilson Center and American Institute in Taiwan, Washington, D.C., Mar. 24, 1999, p. 15.
64. "Broken Promises: Failure of the Chinese Communists in Honoring Cross-Strait Commitments," Aug. 1993-Oct. 1997, Mainland Affairs Council, Executive Yuan, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 1-10;
65. "Cross-Strait Dialogue: Who Broke It Off? Who Tried Hard to Restart It?" May 1995-Oct. 1998, Mainland Affairs Council, Executive Yuan, Oct. 1998, pp. 1-4.
66. Office of Media Liaison, China, background report (Washington, D.C.: The White House Press, Jan. 4, 1979), p. 5.
67. "Parity, Peace, and Win-Win: the Republic of China's Position on the Special State-to-State Relationship," Mainland Affairs Council, Executive Yuan, Aug. 1, 1999, p. 1.
68. For details, see Jaw-ling Joanne Chang, "Negotiation of the 17 August, 1982, U.S.-PRC Arms Communiqué: Beijing's Negotiating Tactics," China Quarterly, Mar. 1991, pp. 33-54.
69. (1) The United States has not agreed to set a date for ending arms sales to the Republic of China. (2) The United States has not agreed to hold prior consultations with the Chinese Communists on arms sales to the Republic of China. (3) The United States will not play any mediation role between Taipei and Beijing. (4) The United States has not agreed to revise the Taiwan Relations Act. (5) The United States has not altered its position regarding sovereignty over Taiwan. (6) The United States will not exert pressure on the Republic of China to enter into negotiations with the Chinese Communists.