Phase variations in microwave cavities for atomic clocks

Metrologia

Volumn 41, Issue 6, 2004, Pages 376-386

  Li, Ruoxin ^a   Gibble, Kurt ^a  

^a PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATOMIC CLOCKS; COOLING; MICROWAVES; PHASE SHIFT; PROBLEM SOLVING; TRAJECTORIES; WAVEGUIDES;

ATOMIC TRAJECTORIES; FREQUENCY ERRORS; MICROWAVE CAVITIES; PHASE VARIATIONS;

FINITE ELEMENT METHOD;

EID: 11044239222     PISSN: 00261394     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0026-1394/41/6/004     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. See for example Marion H et al 2003 Search for variations of fundamental constants using atomic fountain clocks Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 150801 Jefferts S R et al 2002 Accuracy evaluation of NIST-F1 Metrologia 39 321-36 Swanson T B, Burt E A and Ekstrom C R 2002 Characterization of the USNO cesium fountain Proc. 6th Symp. on Frequency Standards Metrology ed P Gill (Singapore: World Scientific) pp 80-7 Bauch A, Schröder R and Weyers S 2003 Discussion of the uncertainty budget and of long term comparison of PTB's primary frequency standards CS1, CS2 and CSF1 Proc. 2003 IEEE Int. Frequency Control Symp. and 17th E. F. T. F. pp 191-9 Szymaniec K, Chalupczak W and Henderson D 2003 Initial evaluation of the NPL caesium fountain frequency standard Proc. 2003 IEEE Int. Frequency Control Symp. and 17th E.F.T. F pp 112-14 Kurosu T, Fukuyama Y, Abe K, Yanagimachi S and Koga Y 2003 Evaluation of the Cs atomic fountain frequency standard at NMIJ/AIST Proc. 2003 IEEE Int. Frequency Control Symp. and 17th E. F.T. F. pp 123-6 Levi F, Lorini L, Calonico D, Bertacco E K and Godone A 2003 IEN-CsFl Accuracy evaluation and two way frequency comparison Proc. 2003 IEEE Int. Frequency Control. Symp. and 17th E. F. T. F. pp 199-204
2. See for example Marion H et al 2003 Search for variations of fundamental constants using atomic fountain clocks Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 150801 Jefferts S R et al 2002 Accuracy evaluation of NIST-F1 Metrologia 39 321-36 Swanson T B, Burt E A and Ekstrom C R 2002 Characterization of the USNO cesium fountain Proc. 6th Symp. on Frequency Standards Metrology ed P Gill (Singapore: World Scientific) pp 80-7 Bauch A, Schröder R and Weyers S 2003 Discussion of the uncertainty budget and of long term comparison of PTB's primary frequency standards CS1, CS2 and CSF1 Proc. 2003 IEEE Int. Frequency Control Symp. and 17th E. F. T. F. pp 191-9 Szymaniec K, Chalupczak W and Henderson D 2003 Initial evaluation of the NPL caesium fountain frequency standard Proc. 2003 IEEE Int. Frequency Control Symp. and 17th E.F.T. F pp 112-14 Kurosu T, Fukuyama Y, Abe K, Yanagimachi S and Koga Y 2003 Evaluation of the Cs atomic fountain frequency standard at NMIJ/AIST Proc. 2003 IEEE Int. Frequency Control Symp. and 17th E. F.T. F. pp 123-6 Levi F, Lorini L, Calonico D, Bertacco E K and Godone A 2003 IEN-CsFl Accuracy evaluation and two way frequency comparison Proc. 2003 IEEE Int. Frequency Control. Symp. and 17th E. F. T. F. pp 199-204
3. See for example Marion H et al 2003 Search for variations of fundamental constants using atomic fountain clocks Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 150801 Jefferts S R et al 2002 Accuracy evaluation of NIST-F1 Metrologia 39 321-36 Swanson T B, Burt E A and Ekstrom C R 2002 Characterization of the USNO cesium fountain Proc. 6th Symp. on Frequency Standards Metrology ed P Gill (Singapore: World Scientific) pp 80-7 Bauch A, Schröder R and Weyers S 2003 Discussion of the uncertainty budget and of long term comparison of PTB's primary frequency standards CS1, CS2 and CSF1 Proc. 2003 IEEE Int. Frequency Control Symp. and 17th E. F. T. F. pp 191-9 Szymaniec K, Chalupczak W and Henderson D 2003 Initial evaluation of the NPL caesium fountain frequency standard Proc. 2003 IEEE Int. Frequency Control Symp. and 17th E.F.T. F pp 112-14 Kurosu T, Fukuyama Y, Abe K, Yanagimachi S and Koga Y 2003 Evaluation of the Cs atomic fountain frequency standard at NMIJ/AIST Proc. 2003 IEEE Int. Frequency Control Symp. and 17th E. F.T. F. pp 123-6 Levi F, Lorini L, Calonico D, Bertacco E K and Godone A 2003 IEN-CsFl Accuracy evaluation and two way frequency comparison Proc. 2003 IEEE Int. Frequency Control. Symp. and 17th E. F. T. F. pp 199-204
4. See for example Marion H et al 2003 Search for variations of fundamental constants using atomic fountain clocks Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 150801 Jefferts S R et al 2002 Accuracy evaluation of NIST-F1 Metrologia 39 321-36 Swanson T B, Burt E A and Ekstrom C R 2002 Characterization of the USNO cesium fountain Proc. 6th Symp. on Frequency Standards Metrology ed P Gill (Singapore: World Scientific) pp 80-7 Bauch A, Schröder R and Weyers S 2003 Discussion of the uncertainty budget and of long term comparison of PTB's primary frequency standards CS1, CS2 and CSF1 Proc. 2003 IEEE Int. Frequency Control Symp. and 17th E. F. T. F. pp 191-9 Szymaniec K, Chalupczak W and Henderson D 2003 Initial evaluation of the NPL caesium fountain frequency standard Proc. 2003 IEEE Int. Frequency Control Symp. and 17th E.F.T. F pp 112-14 Kurosu T, Fukuyama Y, Abe K, Yanagimachi S and Koga Y 2003 Evaluation of the Cs atomic fountain frequency standard at NMIJ/AIST Proc. 2003 IEEE Int. Frequency Control Symp. and 17th E. F.T. F. pp 123-6 Levi F, Lorini L, Calonico D, Bertacco E K and Godone A 2003 IEN-CsFl Accuracy evaluation and two way frequency comparison Proc. 2003 IEEE Int. Frequency Control. Symp. and 17th E. F. T. F. pp 199-204
5. See for example Marion H et al 2003 Search for variations of fundamental constants using atomic fountain clocks Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 150801 Jefferts S R et al 2002 Accuracy evaluation of NIST-F1 Metrologia 39 321-36 Swanson T B, Burt E A and Ekstrom C R 2002 Characterization of the USNO cesium fountain Proc. 6th Symp. on Frequency Standards Metrology ed P Gill (Singapore: World Scientific) pp 80-7 Bauch A, Schröder R and Weyers S 2003 Discussion of the uncertainty budget and of long term comparison of PTB's primary frequency standards CS1, CS2 and CSF1 Proc. 2003 IEEE Int. Frequency Control Symp. and 17th E. F. T. F. pp 191-9 Szymaniec K, Chalupczak W and Henderson D 2003 Initial evaluation of the NPL caesium fountain frequency standard Proc. 2003 IEEE Int. Frequency Control Symp. and 17th E.F.T. F pp 112-14 Kurosu T, Fukuyama Y, Abe K, Yanagimachi S and Koga Y 2003 Evaluation of the Cs atomic fountain frequency standard at NMIJ/AIST Proc. 2003 IEEE Int. Frequency Control Symp. and 17th E. F.T. F. pp 123-6 Levi F, Lorini L, Calonico D, Bertacco E K and Godone A 2003 IEN-CsFl Accuracy evaluation and two way frequency comparison Proc. 2003 IEEE Int. Frequency Control. Symp. and 17th E. F. T. F. pp 199-204
6. See for example Marion H et al 2003 Search for variations of fundamental constants using atomic fountain clocks Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 150801 Jefferts S R et al 2002 Accuracy evaluation of NIST-F1 Metrologia 39 321-36 Swanson T B, Burt E A and Ekstrom C R 2002 Characterization of the USNO cesium fountain Proc. 6th Symp. on Frequency Standards Metrology ed P Gill (Singapore: World Scientific) pp 80-7 Bauch A, Schröder R and Weyers S 2003 Discussion of the uncertainty budget and of long term comparison of PTB's primary frequency standards CS1, CS2 and CSF1 Proc. 2003 IEEE Int. Frequency Control Symp. and 17th E. F. T. F. pp 191-9 Szymaniec K, Chalupczak W and Henderson D 2003 Initial evaluation of the NPL caesium fountain frequency standard Proc. 2003 IEEE Int. Frequency Control Symp. and 17th E.F.T. F pp 112-14 Kurosu T, Fukuyama Y, Abe K, Yanagimachi S and Koga Y 2003 Evaluation of the Cs atomic fountain frequency standard at NMIJ/AIST Proc. 2003 IEEE Int. Frequency Control Symp. and 17th E. F.T. F. pp 123-6 Levi F, Lorini L, Calonico D, Bertacco E K and Godone A 2003 IEN-CsFl Accuracy evaluation and two way frequency comparison Proc. 2003 IEEE Int. Frequency Control. Symp. and 17th E. F. T. F. pp 199-204
7. See for example Marion H et al 2003 Search for variations of fundamental constants using atomic fountain clocks Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 150801 Jefferts S R et al 2002 Accuracy evaluation of NIST-F1 Metrologia 39 321-36 Swanson T B, Burt E A and Ekstrom C R 2002 Characterization of the USNO cesium fountain Proc. 6th Symp. on Frequency Standards Metrology ed P Gill (Singapore: World Scientific) pp 80-7 Bauch A, Schröder R and Weyers S 2003 Discussion of the uncertainty budget and of long term comparison of PTB's primary frequency standards CS1, CS2 and CSF1 Proc. 2003 IEEE Int. Frequency Control Symp. and 17th E. F. T. F. pp 191-9 Szymaniec K, Chalupczak W and Henderson D 2003 Initial evaluation of the NPL caesium fountain frequency standard Proc. 2003 IEEE Int. Frequency Control Symp. and 17th E.F.T. F pp 112-14 Kurosu T, Fukuyama Y, Abe K, Yanagimachi S and Koga Y 2003 Evaluation of the Cs atomic fountain frequency standard at NMIJ/AIST Proc. 2003 IEEE Int. Frequency Control Symp. and 17th E. F.T. F. pp 123-6 Levi F, Lorini L, Calonico D, Bertacco E K and Godone A 2003 IEN-CsFl Accuracy evaluation and two way frequency comparison Proc. 2003 IEEE Int. Frequency Control. Symp. and 17th E. F. T. F. pp 199-204
8. Bauch A, Heindorff T and Schroeder R 1985 Measurement of the frequency shift due to distributed cavity phase difference in an atomic clock IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 34 136-8
9. Vecchi G and DeMarchi A 1993 Spatial phase variations in a TE011 microwave cavity for use in a cesium fountain primary frequency standard IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 42 434-8
10. Khursheed A, Vecchi G and DeMarchi A 1996 Spatial variations of field polarization and phase in microwave cavities: application to the cesium fountain cavity IEEE Trans. UFFC 43 201-10
11. Jefferts S R, Drullinger R E and DeMarchi A 1998 NIST cesium fountain microwave cavities Proc. 1998 Frequency Control Symp. pp 6-8
12. Laurent Ph, LeMonde P, Abgrall M, Santarelli G, Pereira Dos Santos F, Clairon A, Petit P and Aubourg M 1999 Interrogation of cold atoms in a primary frequency standard Proc. 1999 Joint Meeting EFTF and Frequency Control Symp. pp 152-5
13. 01 cavities in fountain frequency standards Proc. Frequency Control Symp. pp 1076-83
14. Davies J B, Fernandez F A and Philippou G Y 1982 Finite element analysis of all modes in cavities with circular symmetry IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 82 1975-80 See also Britt C L 1989 Solution of electromagnetic scattering problems using time domain techniques IEEE Trans. Antenna Propagat. 37 1181-92 Chen Y, Mittra R and Harms P 1996 Finite-difference time-domain algorithm for solving Maxwell's equations in rotationally symmetric geometries IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 44 832
15. Davies J B, Fernandez F A and Philippou G Y 1982 Finite element analysis of all modes in cavities with circular symmetry IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 82 1975-80 See also Britt C L 1989 Solution of electromagnetic scattering problems using time domain techniques IEEE Trans. Antenna Propagat. 37 1181-92 Chen Y, Mittra R and Harms P 1996 Finite-difference time-domain algorithm for solving Maxwell's equations in rotationally symmetric geometries IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 44 832
16. Davies J B, Fernandez F A and Philippou G Y 1982 Finite element analysis of all modes in cavities with circular symmetry IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 82 1975-80 See also Britt C L 1989 Solution of electromagnetic scattering problems using time domain techniques IEEE Trans. Antenna Propagat. 37 1181-92 Chen Y, Mittra R and Harms P 1996 Finite-difference time-domain algorithm for solving Maxwell's equations in rotationally symmetric geometries IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 44 832
17. Fertig C, Li R, Rees J I and Gibble K 2002 Distributed cavity phase shifts and microwave photon recoils Proc. 2002 IEEE Frequency Control Symp. pp 469-72
18. See Bickford W B 1994 A First Course in the Finite Element Method 2nd edn (Burr Ridge: Irwin) p 138
19. Santarelli G, Laurent P, Clairon A, Dick G J, Greenhall C A and Audoin C 1996 Theoretical description and experimental evaluation of the effect of the interrogation oscillator frequency noise on the stability of a pulsed atomic frequency standard Proc. European Frequency Time Forum vol 45, pp 66-71
20. Lemonde P, Santarelli G, Laurent Ph, Pereira F, Clairon A and Salomon Ch 1998 The sensitivity function: a new tool for the evaluation of frequency shifts in atomic spectroscopy Proc. Frequency Control Symp. pp 110-15
21. Audoin C and Vanier J 1989 The Quantum Physics of Atomic Frequency Standards (Bristol: Adam Hilger) p 620
22. Clairon A, Laurent P, Santarelli G, Ghezali S, Lea S N and Bahoura M 1995 A cesium fountain frequency standard: preliminary results IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 44 128-31
23. Fertig C, Bouttier J and Gibble K 2000 Laser-cooled Rb clock Proc. 2000 IEEE Frequency Control Symp. pp 680-6