Metallic ion transport associated with midlatitude intermediate layer development

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

Volumn 108, Issue A1, 2003, Pages

  Bishop, R L ^a   Earle, G D ^b  

^a CLEMSON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT DALLAS   (United States)

Author keywords

E region; Intermediate layers; Ionization layers; Midlatitude ionosphere

Indexed keywords

EID: 11044238163     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699402     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2002JA009411     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Axford, W. I., The formation and vertical movement of dense ionized layers in the ionosphere due to neutral wind shears, J. Geophys. Res., 68, 769-779, 1963.
2. + at L = 3, Ann. Geophys., 8, 171-190, 1990.
3. Bilitza, D., K. Rawer, L. Bossy, and T. Gulyaeva, International reference ionosphere: Past, present, future, Adv. Space Res., 13, 3-23, 1993.
4. Bishop, R. L., Evolution and dynamics of ionospheric intermediate layers above Arecibo Observatory, Ph.D. thesis, Grad. Sch., Univ. of Tex. at Dallas, Richardson, Tex., 2001.
5. Bishop, R. L., G. D. Earle, F. A. Herrero, and T. T. Bateman, Observations of an intermediate layer during the Coqui II Campaign, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 24,963-24,971, 2000.
6. Carter, L. N., and J. M. Forbes, Global transport and localized layering of metallic ions in the upper atmosphere, Ann. Geophys., 17, 190-209, 1999.
7. Earle, G. D., R. L. Bishop, Q. H. Zhou, and S. P. Wallace, A comparative study of in-situ and remote intermediate layer measurements against wind model predictions of vertical ion drift, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 60, 1313-1330, 1998.
8. Earle, G. D., R. L. Bishop, and S. Collins, Descending layer variability over Arecibo Observatory, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 24,951-24,961, 2000a.
9. Earle, G. D., T. J. Kane, R. F. Pfaff, and S. R. Bounds, Ion layer separation and equilibrium zonal winds in midlatitude Sporadic E, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 461-464, 2000b.
10. Fujitaka, K., and T. Tohmatsu, A tidal theory of the ionospheric intermediate layer, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 35, 425-438, 1973.
11. Grebowsky, J. M., and N. Reese, Another look at equatorial metallic ions in the F region, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 5427-5440, 1989.
12. Grebowsky, J. M., R. A. Goldberg, and W. D. Pesnell, Do meteor showers significantly perturb the ionosphere?, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 60, 607-615, 1998.
13. Harper, R. M., Tidal winds in the 100- to 200-km region at Arecibo, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 3243-3250, 1977.
14. Hedin, A. E., Extension of the MSIS thermospheric model into the middle and lower atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 1159-1172, 1991.
15. Heelis, R. A., Ionization layers observed at middle latitudes by atmosphere Explorer-C, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 61, 407-414, 1999.
16. Kopp, E., On the abundance of metal ions in the lower ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 9667-9674, 1997.
17. Kumar, S., and W. B. Hanson, The morphology of metallic ions in the upper atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 6783-6801, 1980.
18. McNicol, R. W. E., and G. de V. Gipps, Characteristics of the E region at Brisbane, J. Geophys. Res., 56, 17-31, 1951.
19. Mathews, J. D., Sporadic E: Current views and recent progress, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 60, 413-435, 1998.
20. Mathews, J. D., Y. T. Morton, and Q. Zhou, Observations of ion layer motions during the AIDA Campaign, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 55, 447-457, 1993.
21. Miller, N. J., J. M. Grebowsky, A. E. Hedin, and N. W. Spencer, Equatorial ion composition, 140-200 km, based on atmosphere Explorer E data, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 685-692, 1993.
22. Narcisi, R. S., Processes Associated With Metal-Ion Layers in the E Region of the Ionosphere, Space Res., vol. VIII, pp. 360-369, North-Holland, New York, 1968.
23. Osterman, G. B., R. A. Heelis, and G. J. Bailey, Modeling the formation of intermediate layers at Arecibo latitudes, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 11,357-11,365, 1994.
24. Osterman, G. B., R. A. Heelis, and G. J. Bailey, Effect of zonal winds and metallic ions on the behavior of intermediate layers, J. Geophys. Res., 10, 7829-7838, 1995.
25. Rosenberg, N. W., Statistical analysis of ionospheric winds, 2, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 30, 907-917, 1968.
26. Shen, J. S., W. E. Swartz, and D. T. Farley, Ionization layers in the nighttime E region valley above Arecibo, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 5517-5526, 1976.
27. Smith, L. G., A sequence of rocket observations of night-time Sporadic-E, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 32, 1247-1257, 1970.
28. Szuszczewicz, E. P., R. G. Roble, P. J. Wilkinson, and R. Hanbaba, Coupling mechanisms in the lower ionospheric-thermospheric system and manifestations in the formation and dynamics of intermediate and descending layers, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 57, 1483-1496, 1995.
29. Wakai, N., Quiet and disturbed structure and variations of the nighttime E region, J. Geophys. Res., 272, 4507-4517, 1967.
30. Whitehead, J. D., The formation of the Sporadic-E layer in the temperate zones, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 20, 49-58, 1961.
31. Whitehead, J. D., Difficulty associated with wind-shear theory of Sporadic E, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 3127-3135, 1971.
32. Whitehead, J. D., Some recent work on Sporadic-E theory, Radio Sci., 7, 381-384, 1972.
33. Wilkinson, P. J., E. P. Szuszczewicz, and R. G. Roble, Measurements and modelling of intermediate, descending, and sporadic layers in the lower ionosphere: Results and implications for global-scale ionospheric-thermospheric studies, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 95-98, 1992.