Strain signatures of Fjord sediment sliding: Micro-scale examples from Yakutat Bay and Glacier Bay, Alaska, U.S.A

Journal of Sedimentary Research

Volumn 74, Issue 6, 2004, Pages 760-769

  Hiemstra, John F ^a   Zaniewski, Kamil ^b   Powell, Ross D ^c   Cowan, Ellen A ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

^b BRANDON UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d APPALACHIAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

SEA ICE;

CONCEPTUAL MODEL; SEDIMENTARY RECORDS; SIMPLE SHEAR; STRAIN INTENSITY; STRAIN SIGNATURES; SUBGLACIAL DEFORMATIONS; UNCONSOLIDATED SEDIMENT; VERTICAL DEFORMATION;

SHEAR FLOW;

FJORD; MASS MOVEMENT; SEDIMENTARY STRUCTURE; SHEAR ZONE; SLUMPING;

ALASKA; GLACIER BAY; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES; WESTERN HEMISPHERE; WORLD; YAKUTAT BAY;

EID: 11044221289     PISSN: 15271404     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1306/040504740760     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Alley, R.B., 1989, Water-pressure coupling of sliding and bed deformation: II. Velocity-depth profiles: Journal of Glaciology, v. 35, p. 119-129.
2. Bertran, P., 1993, Deformation-induced microstructures in soils affected by mass movements: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 18, p. 645-660.
3. Boulton, G.S., 1996, Theory of glacial erosion, transport and deposition as a consequence of subglacial sediment deformation: Journal of Glaciology, v. 42, p. 43-62.
4. Brewer, R., 1976, Fabric and Mineral Analysis of Soils: Huntington, New York, Krieger, 482 p.
5. Cai, J., Powell, R.D., Cowan, E.A., and Carlson, P.R., 1997, Lithofacies and seismic-reflection interpretation of temperate glacimarine sedimentation in Tarr Inlet, Glacier Bay, Alaska: Marine Geology, v. 143, p. 5-37.
6. Carlson, P.R., Powell, R.D., and Phillips, A.C., 1992, Submarine sedimentary features on a fjord delta front, Queen Inlet, Glacier Bay, Alaska: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 29, p. 565-573.
7. Cowan, E.A., and Powell, R.D., 1990, Suspended sediment transport and deposition of cyclically interlaminated sediment in a temperate glacial fjord, Alaska, U.S.A, in Dowdeswell, J.A ., and Scourse, J.D., eds., Glacimarine Environments: Processes and Sediments: Geological Society of London, Special Publication 53, p. 75-89.
8. Cowan, E.A., Cai, J., Powell R.D., Clark, J.D., and Pitcher, J.N., 1997, Temperate glacimarine varves from Disenchantment Bay, Alaska: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 67, p. 536-549.
9. Cowan, E.A., Cai, J., Powell, R.D., Seramur, K.C., and Spurgeon, V.L., 1998, Modern tidal rhythmites deposited in a deep-water estuary: Geo-marine Letters, v. 18, p. 40-48.
10. Cowan, E.A., Seramur, K.C., Cai, J., and Powell, R.D., 1999, Cyclic sedimentation produced by fluctuations in meltwater discharge, tides and marine productivity in an Alaskan fjord: Sedimentology, v. 46, p. 1109-1126.
11. Elverhøi, A., Harbitz, C.B., Dimakis, P., Mohrig, D., Marr, J., and Parker, G., 2000, On the dynamics of subaqueous debris flows: Oceanography, v. 13, p. 109-117.
12. Enos P., 1977, Flow regimes in debris flow: Sedimentology, v. 24, p. 133-142.
13. Hallet, B., Hunter, L., and Bogen, J., 1996, Rates of erosion and sediment evacuation by glaciers: A review of field data and their implications: Global and Planetary Change, v. 12, p. 213-235.
14. Hart, J.K., Hindmarsh, R.C.A., and Boulton, G.S., 1990, Styles of subglacial glaciotectonic deformation within the context of the Anglian ice-sheet: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 15, p. 227-241.
15. Hiemstra, J.F., 2001, Microscopic analyses of Quaternary glacigenic sediments of Marguerite Bay, Antarctic Peninsula: Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research, v. 33, p. 258-265.
16. Hiemstra, J.F., and Rusduk, K.F., 2003, Observing artificially induced strain: implications for subglacial deformation: Journal of Quaternary Science, v. 18, p. 373-383.
17. Hill, P.S., Syvitski, J.P., Cowan, E.A., and Powell, R.D., 1998, In situ observations of floc settling velocities in Glacier Bay: Marine Geology, v. 145, p. 85-94.
18. Hunter, L.E., Powell, R.D., and Lawson, D.E., 1996a, Flux of debris transported by ice at three Alaskan tidewater glaciers: Journal of Glaciology, v. 42, p. 123-135.
19. Hunter, L.E., Powell, R.D., and Smith, G.W., 1996b, Facies architecture and grounding-line fan processes of morainal banks during the deglaciation of coastal Maine: Geological Society America, Bulletin, v. 108, p. 1022-1038.
20. Jaeger, J.M., and Nittrouer, C.A., 1999, Sediment deposition in an Alaskan fjord: Controls on formation and preservation of sedimentary structures in Icy Bay: Journal of Sedimentary Research v. 69, p. 1011-1026.
21. Kurtz, D.D., and Anderson, J.B., 1979, Recognition and sedimentologic description of recent debris flow deposits from the Ross and Weddell Seas, Antarctica: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 49, p. 1159-1170.
22. Lachniet, M.S., Larson, G.J., Strasser, J.C., Lawson D.E., Evenson, E,B., and Alley, R.B., 1997, Microstructures of glacigenic sediment-flow deposits, Matanuska Glacier, Alaska, in Mickelson, D.M., and Attig, JW., eds., Glacial Processes Past and Present: Geological Society of America, Special Paper 337, p. 45-57.
23. Locat, J., and Lee, H.J., 2002, Submarine landslides: advances and challenges: Canadian Geotechnical Journal, v. 39, p. 193-212.
24. Major, J.J., 1997, Depositional processes in large-scale debris-flow experiments: Journal of Geology, v. 105, p. 345-366.
25. Martinsen, O., 1994, Mass movements, in Maltman, AJ., ed., The Geological Deformation of Sediments: London, Chapman & Hall, p. 127-165.
26. McCarroll, D., and Rusduk, K.F., 2003, Deformation styles as a key for interpreting glacial depositional environments: Journal of Quaternary Science, v. 18, p. 473-489.
27. Menzies, J., 2000, Micromorphological analyses of microfabrics and microstructures indicative of deformation processes in glacial sediments, in Maltman, A.J., Hubbard, B., and Hambrey, M.J., eds., Deformation of Glacial Materials: Geological Society of London, Special Publication 176, p. 245-258.
28. Menzies, J., and Zaniewski, K., 2003, Microstructures within a modern debris flow deposit derived from Quaternary glacial diamicton: a comparative micromorphological study: Sedimentary Geology, v. 157, p. 31-48.
29. Mills, P.C., 1983, Genesis and diagnostic value of soft-sediment deformation structures: a review: Sedimentary Geology, v. 35, p. 83-104.
30. Morgenstern, N.R. and Tchalenko, J.S., 1967, Microscopic structures in kaolin subjected to direct shear: Géotechnique, v. 17, p. 309-328.
31. Parsons, J.D., Whipple, K.X., and Simoni, A., 2001, Experimental study of the grain-flow, fluid-mud transition in debris flows: Journal of Geology, v. 109, p. 427-447.
32. Passchier, C.W., and Trouw, R.A.J., 1996, Microtectonics: Berlin, Springer, 289 p.
33. Piotrowski, J.A., Mickelson, D.M., Tulaczyk, S., Krzyszkowski, D., and Junge, F.W., 2001, Were deforming beds beneath past ice sheets really widespread?: Quaternary International, v. 86, p. 139-150.
34. Postma, G., 1986, Classification for sediment gravity-flow deposits based on flow conditions during sedimentation: Geology, v. 14, p. 291-294.
35. Powell, R.D., and Molnia, B.F., 1989, Glacimarine sedimentary processes, facies and morphology of the South-Southeast Alaska shelf and fjords: Marine Geology, v. 85, p. 359-390.
36. Prior, D.B., Bornhold, B.D., and Johns, M.W., 1984, Depositional characteristics of a submarine debris flow: Journal of Geology, v. 92, p. 707-727.
37. Ramsay, J.G., 1980, Shear zone geometry: a review: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 2, p. 83-99.
38. Rusduk, K.F., 2001, Density-driven deformation structures in consolidated diamicts: examples from Traeth y Mwnt, Cardiganshire, Wales, U.K: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 71, p. 122-135.
39. Syvitski, J.P.M., Burrell, D.C., and Skei, J.M., 1987, Fjords: Processes and Products: New York, Springer, 379 p.
40. van der Meer, J.J.M., 1993, Microscopic evidence of subglacial deformation: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 12, p. 553-587.
41. van der Meer, J.J.M., 1996, Micromorphology, in Menzies, J., ed., Past Glacial Environments: Sediments, Forms and Techniques: Oxford, U.K., Butterworth-Heinemann, p. 335-355.
42. van der Meer, J.J.M., MENZIES, J., and Rose, J., 2003, Subglacial till: the deforming glacier bed: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 22, p. 1659-1685.
43. van der Wateren, F.M., Kluiving, S.J., and Bartek, L.R., 2000, Kinematic indicators of subglacial shearing, in Maltman, A.J., Hubbard, B., and Hambrey, M.J., eds., Deformation of Glacial Materials: Geological Society of London Special Publication 176, p. 259-278.
44. Wright, R., Anderson, J.B., and Fisco, P.P., 1983, Distribution and association of sediment gravity flow deposits and glacial/glacial-marine sediments around the Continental margin of Antarctica, in Molnia, B.F., ed., Glacial-Marine Sedimentation: New York, Plenum Press, p. 265-300.