메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 130, Issue 603 PART B, 2004, Pages 2891-2918

Reflectivity and rain rate in and below drizzling stratocumulus

Author keywords

Drizzle; Drop size distribution; Marine boundary layer; Stratus; Z R relationship

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC OPTICS; CLOUDS; DATA ACQUISITION; DROP BREAKUP; EVAPORATION; LIGHT REFLECTION; METEOROLOGICAL RADAR;

EID: 10944262236     PISSN: 00359009     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1256/qj.03.187     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (179)

References (47)
  • 1
    • 0029412509 scopus 로고
    • Precipitation in stratocumulus clouds: Observations and modeling results
    • Austin, P., Wang, Y., Pincus, R. and Kujala, V. 1995 Precipitation in stratocumulus clouds: Observations and modeling results. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 2329-2352
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.52 , pp. 2329-2352
    • Austin, P.1    Wang, Y.2    Pincus, R.3    Kujala, V.4
  • 2
    • 0027799409 scopus 로고
    • Variability in concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei in the marine cloud-topped boundary layer
    • Baker, M. B. 1993 Variability in concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei in the marine cloud-topped boundary layer. Tellus, 45B, 458-472
    • (1993) Tellus , vol.45 B , pp. 458-472
    • Baker, M.B.1
  • 3
    • 10944239770 scopus 로고
    • 'Microphysics of warm clouds; measurements and discussion'
    • in Proceedings of the 11th international conference on clouds and precipitation, Montreal, Canada. International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics. Toronto, Canada
    • Bower, K. N., Choularton, T. W., Baker, M. B., Blyth, A., Nelson, J. and Jensen, J. 1992 'Microphysics of warm clouds; measurements and discussion'. P. 133 in Proceedings of the 11th international conference on clouds and precipitation, Montreal, Canada. International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics. Toronto, Canada
    • (1992) , pp. 133
    • Bower, K.N.1    Choularton, T.W.2    Baker, M.B.3    Blyth, A.4    Nelson, J.5    Jensen, J.6
  • 4
    • 0029413997 scopus 로고
    • Cloudiness and marine boundary layer dynamics in the ASTEX Lagrangian experiments. Part II: Cloudiness, drizzle, surface fluxes, and entrainment
    • Bretherton, C. S., Austin, R and Siems, S. T. 1995 Cloudiness and marine boundary layer dynamics in the ASTEX Lagrangian experiments. Part II: Cloudiness, drizzle, surface fluxes, and entrainment. J. Atmos. Sci. 52, 2724-2735
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.52 , pp. 2724-2735
    • Bretherton, C.S.1    Austin, R.2    Siems, S.T.3
  • 6
    • 0033823913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Instrumental uncertainties in Z-R relations
    • Campos, E. and Zawadzki, I. 2000 Instrumental uncertainties in Z-R relations. J. Appl. Meteorol., 39, 1088-1102
    • (2000) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.39 , pp. 1088-1102
    • Campos, E.1    Zawadzki, I.2
  • 7
    • 0000791134 scopus 로고
    • An operational objective analysis system
    • Cressman, G. P. 1959 An operational objective analysis system. Mon. Weather Rev., 87, 367-374
    • (1959) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.87 , pp. 367-374
    • Cressman, G.P.1
  • 8
    • 0031671503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic variations of Z-R relationships from drop size distributions measured in northern Germany during seven years
    • Doelling, I. G., Joss, J. and Riedl, J. 1998 Systematic variations of Z-R relationships from drop size distributions measured in northern Germany during seven years. Atmos. Res., 47-48, 635-649
    • (1998) Atmos. Res. , vol.47-48 , pp. 635-649
    • Doelling, I.G.1    Joss, J.2    Riedl, J.3
  • 9
    • 0141453173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arctic stratus cloud properties and radiative forcing derived from ground-based data collected at Barrow, Alaska
    • Dong, X. and Mace, G. G. 2003 Arctic stratus cloud properties and radiative forcing derived from ground-based data collected at Barrow, Alaska. J. Climate, 16, 445-460
    • (2003) J. Climate , vol.16 , pp. 445-460
    • Dong, X.1    Mace, G.G.2
  • 10
    • 0001353416 scopus 로고
    • An eight-month sample of marine stratocumulus cloud fraction, albedo, and integrated liquid water
    • Fairall, C. W., Hare, J. E. and Snider, J. B. 1990 An eight-month sample of marine stratocumulus cloud fraction, albedo, and integrated liquid water. J. Climate, 3, 847-864
    • (1990) J. Climate , vol.3 , pp. 847-864
    • Fairall, C.W.1    Hare, J.E.2    Snider, J.B.3
  • 11
    • 0001259044 scopus 로고
    • The terminal velocity of tall for water droplets in stagnant air
    • Gunn, R. and Kinzer, G. D. 1949 The terminal velocity of tall for water droplets in stagnant air. J. Meteorol., 6, 243-248
    • (1949) J. Meteorol. , vol.6 , pp. 243-248
    • Gunn, R.1    Kinzer, G.D.2
  • 12
    • 0037249502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relations between radar reflectivity, liquid water content, and rainfall rate during the MAP-SOP
    • Hagen, M. and Yuter, S. E. 2003 Relations between radar reflectivity, liquid water content, and rainfall rate during the MAP-SOP. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 129, 477-493
    • (2003) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.129 , pp. 477-493
    • Hagen, M.1    Yuter, S.E.2
  • 13
    • 0001551495 scopus 로고
    • A detailed microphysical model within a two-dimensional dynamic framework: Model description and preliminary results
    • Hall, W. 1980 A detailed microphysical model within a two-dimensional dynamic framework: Model description and preliminary results. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2486-2507
    • (1980) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.37 , pp. 2486-2507
    • Hall, W.1
  • 14
    • 0033911796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precipitation in marine cumulus and stratocumulus. Part I: Thermodynamic and dynamic observations of closed cell circulations and cumulus bands
    • Jensen, J. B., Lee, S., Krummel, P. B., Katzfey, J. and Gogoasa, D. 2000 Precipitation in marine cumulus and stratocumulus. Part I: Thermodynamic and dynamic observations of closed cell circulations and cumulus bands. Atmos. Res., 54, 117-155
    • (2000) Atmos. Res. , vol.54 , pp. 117-155
    • Jensen, J.B.1    Lee, S.2    Krummel, P.B.3    Katzfey, J.4    Gogoasa, D.5
  • 15
    • 0001203205 scopus 로고
    • Shapes of raindrop size distributions
    • Joss, J. and Gori, E. G. 1978 Shapes of raindrop size distributions. J. Appl. Meteorol., 17, 1054-1061
    • (1978) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.17 , pp. 1054-1061
    • Joss, J.1    Gori, E.G.2
  • 16
    • 0003896663 scopus 로고
    • 'On the quantitative determination of precipitation by radar'
    • Scientific Report 63, Eidgenössische Kommission zum Studium der Hagelbildung und der Hagelabwehr. Zurich, Switzerland
    • Joss, J., Schram, K., Thams, J. C. and Waldvogel, A. 1970 'On the quantitative determination of precipitation by radar'. Scientific Report 63, Eidgenössische Kommission zum Studium der Hagelbildung und der Hagelabwehr. Zurich, Switzerland
    • (1970)
    • Joss, J.1    Schram, K.2    Thams, J.C.3    Waldvogel, A.4
  • 17
    • 0034027431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new cloud physics parametrization in a large-eddy simulation model of marine stratocumulus
    • Khairoutdinov, M. F. and Kogan, Y. L. 2000 A new cloud physics parametrization in a large-eddy simulation model of marine stratocumulus. Mon. Weather Rev., 128, 229-243
    • (2000) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.128 , pp. 229-243
    • Khairoutdinov, M.F.1    Kogan, Y.L.2
  • 18
    • 0027801384 scopus 로고
    • The seasonal cycle of low stratiform clouds
    • Klein, S. A. and Hartmann, D. L. 1993 The seasonal cycle of low stratiform clouds. J. Climate, 6, 1587-1606
    • (1993) J. Climate , vol.6 , pp. 1587-1606
    • Klein, S.A.1    Hartmann, D.L.2
  • 19
    • 0035443347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analytical solution for raindrop evaporation and its application to radar rainfall measurements
    • Li, X. and Srivastava, R. C. 2001 An analytical solution for raindrop evaporation and its application to radar rainfall measurements. J. Appl. Meteorol., 40, 1607-1616
    • (2001) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.40 , pp. 1607-1616
    • Li, X.1    Srivastava, R.C.2
  • 20
    • 10944222460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Doppler radar observations of mesoscale wind divergence in regions of tropical convection
    • in press
    • Mapes, B. E. and Lin, J. 2005 Doppler radar observations of mesoscale wind divergence in regions of tropical convection. Mon. Weather Rev. in press
    • (2005) Mon. Weather Rev.
    • Mapes, B.E.1    Lin, J.2
  • 21
    • 0001256212 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of raindrops with size
    • Marshall, J. S. and Palmer, W. M. 1948 The distribution of raindrops with size. J. Meteorol., 5, 165-166
    • (1948) J. Meteorol. , vol.5 , pp. 165-166
    • Marshall, J.S.1    Palmer, W.M.2
  • 22
    • 0029413989 scopus 로고
    • Surface-based observations of mesoscale cumulus-stratocumulus interaction during ASTEX
    • Miller, M. A. and Albrecht, B. A. 1995 Surface-based observations of mesoscale cumulus-stratocumulus interaction during ASTEX. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 2809-2826
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.52 , pp. 2809-2826
    • Miller, M.A.1    Albrecht, B.A.2
  • 24
    • 84983942975 scopus 로고
    • A model of drizzle growth in warm, turbulent, stratiform clouds
    • Nicholls, S. 1987 A model of drizzle growth in warm, turbulent, stratiform clouds. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 113, 1141-1170
    • (1987) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.113 , pp. 1141-1170
    • Nicholls, S.1
  • 25
    • 14644443604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieving stratocumulus drizzle parameters using Doppler radar and lidar
    • in press
    • O'Connor, E. J., Hogan, R. J. and Illingworth, A. J. 2004 Retrieving stratocumulus drizzle parameters using Doppler radar and lidar. J. Appl. Meteorol., in press
    • (2004) J. Appl. Meteorol.
    • O'Connor, E.J.1    Hogan, R.J.2    Illingworth, A.J.3
  • 26
    • 0003683242 scopus 로고
    • 'REORDER - A program for gridding radar data: Installation and user manual for the UNIX version'
    • Available from NCAR ATD, Boulder CO, USA
    • Oye, D. and Case, M. 1992 'REORDER - A program for gridding radar data: Installation and user manual for the UNIX version'. Available from NCAR ATD, Boulder CO, USA
    • (1992)
    • Oye, D.1    Case, M.2
  • 27
    • 1342269923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An observational study of drizzle formation in stratocumulus clouds for general circulation model (GCM) parameterizations
    • Pawlowska, H. and Brenguier, J.-L. 2003 An observational study of drizzle formation in stratocumulus clouds for general circulation model (GCM) parameterizations. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 803-821
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , pp. 803-821
    • Pawlowska, H.1    Brenguier, J.-L.2
  • 28
    • 0141573282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convection and easterly wave structures observed in the eastern Pacific warm pool during EPIC-2001
    • Petersen, W. A., Cifelli, R., Boccippio, D. J., Rutledge, S. A. and Fairall, C. 2003 Convection and easterly wave structures observed in the eastern Pacific warm pool during EPIC-2001. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 1754-1773
    • (2003) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.60 , pp. 1754-1773
    • Petersen, W.A.1    Cifelli, R.2    Boccippio, D.J.3    Rutledge, S.A.4    Fairall, C.5
  • 32
    • 0003965673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Third edition. Rinehart Publications, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
    • Rinehart, R. E. 1997 RADAR for meteorologists. Third edition. Rinehart Publications, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
    • (1997) RADAR for Meteorologists
    • Rinehart, R.E.1
  • 34
    • 10944267807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The NOAA Ron Brown's shipboard Doppler precipitation radar'
    • In Proceedings of the sixth symposium on integrated observing systems, Orlando, Florida, January 2002. American Meteorological Society, Boston, USA
    • Ryan, M., Post, M. J., Martner, B., Novak, J. and Davis, L. 2002 'The NOAA Ron Brown's shipboard Doppler precipitation radar'. In Proceedings of the sixth symposium on integrated observing systems, Orlando, Florida, January 2002. American Meteorological Society, Boston, USA
    • (2002)
    • Ryan, M.1    Post, M.J.2    Martner, B.3    Novak, J.4    Davis, L.5
  • 35
    • 0025119349 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of the earth's radiation budget to changes in low clouds
    • Slingo, A. 1990 Sensitivity of the earth's radiation budget to changes in low clouds. Nature, 343, 49-51
    • (1990) Nature , vol.343 , pp. 49-51
    • Slingo, A.1
  • 36
    • 0031340914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Use of a fixed exponent in 'adjustable' Z-R relationships'
    • in Preprints of the 28th conference on radar meteorology, Austin, Texas. American Meteorological Society, Boston, USA
    • Smith, P. L. and Joss, J. 1997 'Use of a fixed exponent in 'adjustable' Z-R relationships'. Pp. 254-255 in Preprints of the 28th conference on radar meteorology, Austin, Texas. American Meteorological Society, Boston, USA
    • (1997) , pp. 254-255
    • Smith, P.L.1    Joss, J.2
  • 37
    • 0027796942 scopus 로고
    • A study of sampling variability effects in raindrop size observations
    • Smith, P. L., Liu, Z. and Joss, J. 1993 A study of sampling variability effects in raindrop size observations. J. Appl. Meteorol., 32, 1259-1269
    • (1993) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.32 , pp. 1259-1269
    • Smith, P.L.1    Liu, Z.2    Joss, J.3
  • 38
    • 0034493004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reflectivity, rain rate, and kinetic energy flux relationships based on raindrop spectra
    • Steiner, M. and Smith, J. A. 2000 Reflectivity, rain rate, and kinetic energy flux relationships based on raindrop spectra. J. Appl. Meteorol., 39, 1923-1940
    • (2000) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.39 , pp. 1923-1940
    • Steiner, M.1    Smith, J.A.2
  • 39
    • 2942536389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A microphysical interpretation of the radar reflectivity-rain rate relationship
    • Steiner, M., Smith, J. A. and Uijlenhoet, R. 2004 A microphysical interpretation of the radar reflectivity-rain rate relationship. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 1114-1131
    • (2004) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.61 , pp. 1114-1131
    • Steiner, M.1    Smith, J.A.2    Uijlenhoet, R.3
  • 42
    • 0019168909 scopus 로고
    • A numerical investigation of several factors contributing to the observed variable intensity of deep convection over south Florida
    • Tripoli, G. J. and Couon, W. R. 1980 A numerical investigation of several factors contributing to the observed variable intensity of deep convection over south Florida. J. Appl. Meteorol., 19, 1037-1063
    • (1980) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.19 , pp. 1037-1063
    • Tripoli, G.J.1    Couon, W.R.2
  • 43
    • 0023519720 scopus 로고
    • A study of the diurnal variation of stratocumulus using a multiple mixed layer model
    • Turton, J. D. and Nicholls, S. 1987 A study of the diurnal variation of stratocumulus using a multiple mixed layer model. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 113, 969-1009
    • (1987) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.113 , pp. 969-1009
    • Turton, J.D.1    Nicholls, S.2
  • 45
    • 10944226672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drizzle in stratiform boundary layer clouds. Part I: Vertical and horizontal structure
    • in press
    • Wood, R. 2005 Drizzle in stratiform boundary layer clouds. Part I: Vertical and horizontal structure. J. Atmos. Sci., in press
    • (2005) J. Atmos. Sci.
    • Wood, R.1
  • 46
    • 0035359530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rainfall measurement on ships revisited: The 1997 PACS TEPPS cruise
    • Yuter, S. E. and Parker, W. S. 2001 Rainfall measurement on ships revisited: The 1997 PACS TEPPS cruise. J. Appl. Meteorol., 40, 1003-1018
    • (2001) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.40 , pp. 1003-1018
    • Yuter, S.E.1    Parker, W.S.2
  • 47
    • 0000725847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 1997 Pan American climate studies tropical eastern Pacific process study. Part II: Stratocumulus region
    • Yuter, S. E., Serra, Y. L. and Houze, R. A. 2000 The 1997 Pan American climate studies tropical eastern Pacific process study. Part II: Stratocumulus region. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 81, 483-490
    • (2000) Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.81 , pp. 483-490
    • Yuter, S.E.1    Serra, Y.L.2    Houze, R.A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.