The poverty of Canadian politics?

Democratization

Volumn 3, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 28-45

  Stewart, Gordon T ^a  

^a MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 10944237978     PISSN: 13510347     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13510349608403453     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Andrew Stark, 'English Canadian Opposition to Quebec Nationalism', in R. Kent Weaver (ed.), The Collapse of Canada, (Brookings Institution, Washington, DC), p.127.
2. Maclean's, 2 Nov. 1992, p. 12.
3. Mary Janigan, 'Shaping the Future', Maclean's, 3 July 1989. quoting Thomas Coucherne, Director of the School of Policy Studies at Queen's University.
4. Ron Graham, One Eyed Kings. Promise and Illusion in Canadian Politics (Toronto: Collins, 1986), pp.435-6. It is worth pointing out in defence of Mulroney that he understood that Quebec's exclusion from the 1982 patriation of the 1867 British North America Act was a constitutional problem that required attention. His policy of opening up negotiations was therefore an act of statesmanship whatever other motives can be identified as tainting the enterprise.
5. The New York Times, 7 Nov. 1992.
6. M.Crozier, S.P. Huntington and J. Watanuki, The Crisis of Democracy (New York: New York University Press, 1975); Richard Rose and Guy Peters, Can Government Go Bankrupt? (New York: Basic Books, 1978); Samuel Brittain, The Economic Contradictions of Democracy (London: Temple Smith, 1977); Jurgen Habermass, Legitimation Crisis (Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1975). Ernest Gellner's recent assessment of the history of civil society, Conditions of Liberty: Civil Society and Its Rivals (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1994), suggests the fragility of the social conditions within which democracy can flourish.
7. M.Crozier, S.P. Huntington and J. Watanuki, The Crisis of Democracy (New York: New York University Press, 1975); Richard Rose and Guy Peters, Can Government Go Bankrupt? (New York: Basic Books, 1978); Samuel Brittain, The Economic Contradictions of Democracy (London: Temple Smith, 1977); Jurgen Habermass, Legitimation Crisis (Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1975). Ernest Gellner's recent assessment of the history of civil society, Conditions of Liberty: Civil Society and Its Rivals (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1994), suggests the fragility of the social conditions within which democracy can flourish.
8. M.Crozier, S.P. Huntington and J. Watanuki, The Crisis of Democracy (New York: New York University Press, 1975); Richard Rose and Guy Peters, Can Government Go Bankrupt? (New York: Basic Books, 1978); Samuel Brittain, The Economic Contradictions of Democracy (London: Temple Smith, 1977); Jurgen Habermass, Legitimation Crisis (Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1975). Ernest Gellner's recent assessment of the history of civil society, Conditions of Liberty: Civil Society and Its Rivals (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1994), suggests the fragility of the social conditions within which democracy can flourish.
9. M.Crozier, S.P. Huntington and J. Watanuki, The Crisis of Democracy (New York: New York University Press, 1975); Richard Rose and Guy Peters, Can Government Go Bankrupt? (New York: Basic Books, 1978); Samuel Brittain, The Economic Contradictions of Democracy (London: Temple Smith, 1977); Jurgen Habermass, Legitimation Crisis (Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1975). Ernest Gellner's recent assessment of the history of civil society, Conditions of Liberty: Civil Society and Its Rivals (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1994), suggests the fragility of the social conditions within which democracy can flourish.
10. M.Crozier, S.P. Huntington and J. Watanuki, The Crisis of Democracy (New York: New York University Press, 1975); Richard Rose and Guy Peters, Can Government Go Bankrupt? (New York: Basic Books, 1978); Samuel Brittain, The Economic Contradictions of Democracy (London: Temple Smith, 1977); Jurgen Habermass, Legitimation Crisis (Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1975). Ernest Gellner's recent assessment of the history of civil society, Conditions of Liberty: Civil Society and Its Rivals (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1994), suggests the fragility of the social conditions within which democracy can flourish.
11. Arend Lijphart, Democracy in Plural Societies: a Comparative Explanation (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1977). Application of Lijphart's approach to the Canadian case is best approached through the work of Kenneth Macrae in his two books: Conflict and Compromise in Multilingual Societies (Waterloo,Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1983) and Consociational Democracy.Political Accommodation in Segmented Societies (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1974).
12. Arend Lijphart, Democracy in Plural Societies: a Comparative Explanation (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1977). Application of Lijphart's approach to the Canadian case is best approached through the work of Kenneth Macrae in his two books: Conflict and Compromise in Multilingual Societies (Waterloo,Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1983) and Consociational Democracy.Political Accommodation in Segmented Societies (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1974).
13. Arend Lijphart, Democracy in Plural Societies: a Comparative Explanation (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1977). Application of Lijphart's approach to the Canadian case is best approached through the work of Kenneth Macrae in his two books: Conflict and Compromise in Multilingual Societies (Waterloo,Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1983) and Consociational Democracy.Political Accommodation in Segmented Societies (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1974).
14. Macdonald's career, his impact on Canadian political culture and his view of the British North America Act can be assessed in a range of books and articles. The most sympathetic portrayal is Donald G. Creighton's two volume biography The Young Politician, The Old Chieftain (Toronto: Macmillan, 1952, 1955). The issues raised in this paper are dealt with at greater length in Gordon T. Stewart, The Origins of Canadian Politics (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1986) and 'John A. Macdonald's Greatest Triumph', Canadian Historical Review, Vol.LXIII (1982), pp.3-33. See also Peter B. Waite's Macdonald. His Life and Times (Toronto: McGraw Hill, 1975) and the same author's summary of current thinking on Macdonald in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Vol.XII (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990), pp.590-612.
15. Macdonald's career, his impact on Canadian political culture and his view of the British North America Act can be assessed in a range of books and articles. The most sympathetic portrayal is Donald G. Creighton's two volume biography The Young Politician, The Old Chieftain (Toronto: Macmillan, 1952, 1955). The issues raised in this paper are dealt with at greater length in Gordon T. Stewart, The Origins of Canadian Politics (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1986) and 'John A. Macdonald's Greatest Triumph', Canadian Historical Review, Vol.LXIII (1982), pp.3-33. See also Peter B. Waite's Macdonald. His Life and Times (Toronto: McGraw Hill, 1975) and the same author's summary of current thinking on Macdonald in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Vol.XII (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990), pp.590-612.
16. Macdonald's career, his impact on Canadian political culture and his view of the British North America Act can be assessed in a range of books and articles. The most sympathetic portrayal is Donald G. Creighton's two volume biography The Young Politician, The Old Chieftain (Toronto: Macmillan, 1952, 1955). The issues raised in this paper are dealt with at greater length in Gordon T. Stewart, The Origins of Canadian Politics (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1986) and 'John A. Macdonald's Greatest Triumph', Canadian Historical Review, Vol.LXIII (1982), pp.3-33. See also Peter B. Waite's Macdonald. His Life and Times (Toronto: McGraw Hill, 1975) and the same author's summary of current thinking on Macdonald in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Vol.XII (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990), pp.590-612.
17. Macdonald's career, his impact on Canadian political culture and his view of the British North America Act can be assessed in a range of books and articles. The most sympathetic portrayal is Donald G. Creighton's two volume biography The Young Politician, The Old Chieftain (Toronto: Macmillan, 1952, 1955). The issues raised in this paper are dealt with at greater length in Gordon T. Stewart, The Origins of Canadian Politics (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1986) and 'John A. Macdonald's Greatest Triumph', Canadian Historical Review, Vol.LXIII (1982), pp.3-33. See also Peter B. Waite's Macdonald. His Life and Times (Toronto: McGraw Hill, 1975) and the same author's summary of current thinking on Macdonald in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Vol.XII (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990), pp.590-612.
18. Macdonald's career, his impact on Canadian political culture and his view of the British North America Act can be assessed in a range of books and articles. The most sympathetic portrayal is Donald G. Creighton's two volume biography The Young Politician, The Old Chieftain (Toronto: Macmillan, 1952, 1955). The issues raised in this paper are dealt with at greater length in Gordon T. Stewart, The Origins of Canadian Politics (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1986) and 'John A. Macdonald's Greatest Triumph', Canadian Historical Review, Vol.LXIII (1982), pp.3-33. See also Peter B. Waite's Macdonald. His Life and Times (Toronto: McGraw Hill, 1975) and the same author's summary of current thinking on Macdonald in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Vol.XII (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990), pp.590-612.
19. J.M. Bliss, Canadian History in Documents (Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1966), p.220. Laurier's legacy is suggested by the title of Barbara Robertson's biography Laurier:the Great Conciliator (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1971). Other standard interpretations are John W. Dafoe, Laurier: A Study in Canadian Politics (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1963 [1922]) and Joseph Schull, Laurier: The First Canadian (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1965).
20. J.M. Bliss, Canadian History in Documents (Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1966), p.220. Laurier's legacy is suggested by the title of Barbara Robertson's biography Laurier:the Great Conciliator (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1971). Other standard interpretations are John W. Dafoe, Laurier: A Study in Canadian Politics (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1963 [1922]) and Joseph Schull, Laurier: The First Canadian (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1965).
21. J.M. Bliss, Canadian History in Documents (Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1966), p.220. Laurier's legacy is suggested by the title of Barbara Robertson's biography Laurier:the Great Conciliator (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1971). Other standard interpretations are John W. Dafoe, Laurier: A Study in Canadian Politics (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1963 [1922]) and Joseph Schull, Laurier: The First Canadian (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1965).
22. J.M. Bliss, Canadian History in Documents (Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1966), p.220. Laurier's legacy is suggested by the title of Barbara Robertson's biography Laurier:the Great Conciliator (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1971). Other standard interpretations are John W. Dafoe, Laurier: A Study in Canadian Politics (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1963 [1922]) and Joseph Schull, Laurier: The First Canadian (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1965).
23. F.R. Scott 'WLMK', in A.J.M. Smith, The Blasted Pine: An Anthology of Satire, Invective and Disrespectful Verse Chiefly by Canadian Writers (Toronto: Macmillan, 1967).
24. Henri Bourassa, 'The French-Canadian in the British Empire', The Monthly Review, Vol.IX (Oct. 1902), pp.53-68 quoted in Carl Berger (ed.), Imperialism and Nationalism 1884-1914: A Conflict in Canadian Thought (Toronto: Copp Clark, 1969), p.73.
25. Henri Bourassa, 'The French-Canadian in the British Empire', The Monthly Review, Vol.IX (Oct. 1902), pp.53-68 quoted in Carl Berger (ed.), Imperialism and Nationalism 1884-1914: A Conflict in Canadian Thought (Toronto: Copp Clark, 1969), p.73.
26. The best overview of the Mackenzie King period is Robert Bothwell, Ian Drummond and John English, Canada 1900-1945 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1987). The Second World War conscription issue is analysed on pp.331-5. The standard scholarly biography is H. Blair Neatby, William Lyon Mackenzie King (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1958, 1976) and a breathless, popular one which captures a certain feyness about the man is Bruce Hutchinson, The Incredible Canadian: a Candid Portrait of William Lyon Mackenzie King (New York: Longmans, 1953).
27. The best overview of the Mackenzie King period is Robert Bothwell, Ian Drummond and John English, Canada 1900-1945 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1987). The Second World War conscription issue is analysed on pp.331-5. The standard scholarly biography is H. Blair Neatby, William Lyon Mackenzie King (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1958, 1976) and a breathless, popular one which captures a certain feyness about the man is Bruce Hutchinson, The Incredible Canadian: a Candid Portrait of William Lyon Mackenzie King (New York: Longmans, 1953).
28. The best overview of the Mackenzie King period is Robert Bothwell, Ian Drummond and John English, Canada 1900-1945 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1987). The Second World War conscription issue is analysed on pp.331-5. The standard scholarly biography is H. Blair Neatby, William Lyon Mackenzie King (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1958, 1976) and a breathless, popular one which captures a certain feyness about the man is Bruce Hutchinson, The Incredible Canadian: a Candid Portrait of William Lyon Mackenzie King (New York: Longmans, 1953).
29. Andrew Stark, 'English Canadian Opposition to Quebec Nationalism', in Weaver (ed.), The Collapse of Canada, pp. 128-34.
30. The change came during the Quiet Revolution of the 1960's when nationalists feared that if current trends continued Quebec would gradually become more and more anglophone, especially in the business world and the workplace, unless measures were taken to make French by law the working language of the province. A flavor of the times can be gained from Raymond Barbeau's Le Québec bientôt unilingue? (Montreal: Editions de l'homme, 1965). An informative survey of the evolution of nationalist ideology and politics since the 1960s is provided in Alain Gagnon, Quebec: Beyond the Quiet Revolution (Scarborough: Nelson Canada, 1990).
31. The change came during the Quiet Revolution of the 1960's when nationalists feared that if current trends continued Quebec would gradually become more and more anglophone, especially in the business world and the workplace, unless measures were taken to make French by law the working language of the province. A flavor of the times can be gained from Raymond Barbeau's Le Québec bientôt unilingue? (Montreal: Editions de l'homme, 1965). An informative survey of the evolution of nationalist ideology and politics since the 1960s is provided in Alain Gagnon, Quebec: Beyond the Quiet Revolution (Scarborough: Nelson Canada, 1990).
32. Trudeau's career is treated in Walter Stewart, Shrug: Trudeau in Power (Toronto: New Press, 1971), Richard J. Gwyn, The Northern Magus: Pierre Trudeau and Canadians (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1980) and Stephen Clarkson, Trudeau and our Times (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1990). His ideas on Canadian nationalism are dealt with in James Laxer, The Liberal Idea of Canada: Pierre Trudeau and the Question of Canada's Survival (Toronto: J. Lorimer, 1977) and the origins of the fault lines that developed between him and Quebec nationalists in the 1960s are described in Gerard Pelletier's Years of Impotence 1950-1966 (Toronto: Methuen, 1984).
33. Trudeau's career is treated in Walter Stewart, Shrug: Trudeau in Power (Toronto: New Press, 1971), Richard J. Gwyn, The Northern Magus: Pierre Trudeau and Canadians (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1980) and Stephen Clarkson, Trudeau and our Times (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1990). His ideas on Canadian nationalism are dealt with in James Laxer, The Liberal Idea of Canada: Pierre Trudeau and the Question of Canada's Survival (Toronto: J. Lorimer, 1977) and the origins of the fault lines that developed between him and Quebec nationalists in the 1960s are described in Gerard Pelletier's Years of Impotence 1950-1966 (Toronto: Methuen, 1984).
34. Trudeau's career is treated in Walter Stewart, Shrug: Trudeau in Power (Toronto: New Press, 1971), Richard J. Gwyn, The Northern Magus: Pierre Trudeau and Canadians (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1980) and Stephen Clarkson, Trudeau and our Times (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1990). His ideas on Canadian nationalism are dealt with in James Laxer, The Liberal Idea of Canada: Pierre Trudeau and the Question of Canada's Survival (Toronto: J. Lorimer, 1977) and the origins of the fault lines that developed between him and Quebec nationalists in the 1960s are described in Gerard Pelletier's Years of Impotence 1950-1966 (Toronto: Methuen, 1984).
35. Trudeau's career is treated in Walter Stewart, Shrug: Trudeau in Power (Toronto: New Press, 1971), Richard J. Gwyn, The Northern Magus: Pierre Trudeau and Canadians (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1980) and Stephen Clarkson, Trudeau and our Times (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1990). His ideas on Canadian nationalism are dealt with in James Laxer, The Liberal Idea of Canada: Pierre Trudeau and the Question of Canada's Survival (Toronto: J. Lorimer, 1977) and the origins of the fault lines that developed between him and Quebec nationalists in the 1960s are described in Gerard Pelletier's Years of Impotence 1950-1966 (Toronto: Methuen, 1984).
36. Trudeau's career is treated in Walter Stewart, Shrug: Trudeau in Power (Toronto: New Press, 1971), Richard J. Gwyn, The Northern Magus: Pierre Trudeau and Canadians (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1980) and Stephen Clarkson, Trudeau and our Times (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1990). His ideas on Canadian nationalism are dealt with in James Laxer, The Liberal Idea of Canada: Pierre Trudeau and the Question of Canada's Survival (Toronto: J. Lorimer, 1977) and the origins of the fault lines that developed between him and Quebec nationalists in the 1960s are described in Gerard Pelletier's Years of Impotence 1950-1966 (Toronto: Methuen, 1984).
37. David Milne, Tug of War: Ottawa and the Provinces under Trudeau and Mulroney (Toronto: J. Lorimer, 1986), p.2.
38. Christian Dufour, Le défi québécois (Montreal: l'Hexagone. 1989), p.13.
39. Bernard Bailyn, The Origins of American Politics (New York: Knopf, 1968) and Jack P. Greene, The Quest for Power; the Lower Houses of Assembly in the Southern Royal Colonies 1689-1776 (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1963) are the seminal works on this topic.
40. Bernard Bailyn, The Origins of American Politics (New York: Knopf, 1968) and Jack P. Greene, The Quest for Power; the Lower Houses of Assembly in the Southern Royal Colonies 1689-1776 (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1963) are the seminal works on this topic.
41. This is one of the key variables Martin Shefter indentifies as affecting the extent to which patronage takes hold in new democracies. See his 'Party and Patronage: Germany, Italy and England', Politics & Society, Vol.7, No.4, pp.403-51.
42. Stewart, 'John A. Macdonald's Greatest Triumph', p.21; Norman Ward', 'Responsible Government', Journal of Canadian Studies, Vol.XIV (1979), p.3; Alain-G. Gagnon (ed.), Democracy with Justice (Ottawa: Carleton University Press, 1992), pp. 157-73. Stewart, The Origins of Canadian Politics, passim.
43. Stewart, 'John A. Macdonald's Greatest Triumph', p.21; Norman Ward', 'Responsible Government', Journal of Canadian Studies, Vol.XIV (1979), p.3; Alain-G. Gagnon (ed.), Democracy with Justice (Ottawa: Carleton University Press, 1992), pp. 157-73. Stewart, The Origins of Canadian Politics, passim.
44. Stewart, 'John A. Macdonald's Greatest Triumph', p.21; Norman Ward', 'Responsible Government', Journal of Canadian Studies, Vol.XIV (1979), p.3; Alain-G. Gagnon (ed.), Democracy with Justice (Ottawa: Carleton University Press, 1992), pp. 157-73. Stewart, The Origins of Canadian Politics, passim.
45. Stewart, 'John A. Macdonald's Greatest Triumph', p.21; Norman Ward', 'Responsible Government', Journal of Canadian Studies, Vol.XIV (1979), p.3; Alain-G. Gagnon (ed.), Democracy with Justice (Ottawa: Carleton University Press, 1992), pp. 157-73. Stewart, The Origins of Canadian Politics, passim.
46. Jeffrey Simpson, The Spoils of Power: The Politics of Patronage (Toronto: Collins, 1988) written by the then national political correspondent of The Globe & Mail is a comprehensive examination of the role of patronage in Canadian politics. Ralph Heintzman, 'The Political Culture of Quebec 1840-1960', Canadian Journal of Political Science, Vol.XVI (1983), pp.3-59 makes the case that 'Quebec's traditional political culture was shaped by the dialectic of patronage. Economic need encouraged Québecois to exploit the political process for advancement. The result was the preoccupation of the political process with patronage'.
47. Jeffrey Simpson, The Spoils of Power: The Politics of Patronage (Toronto: Collins, 1988) written by the then national political correspondent of The Globe & Mail is a comprehensive examination of the role of patronage in Canadian politics. Ralph Heintzman, 'The Political Culture of Quebec 1840-1960', Canadian Journal of Political Science, Vol.XVI (1983), pp.3-59 makes the case that 'Quebec's traditional political culture was shaped by the dialectic of patronage. Economic need encouraged Québecois to exploit the political process for advancement. The result was the preoccupation of the political process with patronage'.
48. Fred W. Gibson. Cabinet Formation and Bicultural Relations. Seven Case Studies, Studies of the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism. (Ottawa: The Queen's Printer, 1970), p.171.
49. Linda Colley, Britons: Forging the Nation 170-1837 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1992), passim. The conceptual starting point for Colley is taken from Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities:Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism (London: Verso, 1983).
50. Linda Colley, Britons: Forging the Nation 170-1837 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1992), passim. The conceptual starting point for Colley is taken from Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities:Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism (London: Verso, 1983).
51. Jacques Monet, The Last Cannon Shot:a Study of French Canadian Nationalism 1837-1850 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1969).
52. After a period of neglect stretching back to the 1960s, when Canadian historical scholarship was shaped by the celebratory nationalism of the centennial, the case that the empire was a basis for Canadian cohesion in the nineteenth century has been recently restated by Phillip Buckner in his presidential address to the CHA in 1993: 'Whatever Happened to the British Empire', Journal of the Canadian Historical Association, Vol.4 (1993), pp.3-31.
53. Alan Cairns has insightful commentary on the functioning of the Canadian government in modern, fragmented society in 'The Embedded State: State-Society Relations in Canada', in Keith Banting (ed.), State and Society: Canada in Comparative Perspective (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1986), pp.53-86.
54. The Guardian Weekly, 9 Oct. 1994, p.12.
55. The Globe & Mail, 5 Jan. 1994, p.3.
56. J.H. Plumb, The Growth of Political Stability in England 1675-1725 (London: Macmillan, 1967); W.A. Speck, Stability and Strife. England 1714-1760 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 1979).
57. J.H. Plumb, The Growth of Political Stability in England 1675-1725 (London: Macmillan, 1967); W.A. Speck, Stability and Strife. England 1714-1760 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 1979).
58. Creighton, John A. Macdonald. The Old Chieftan, pp.213-42.
59. The Economist, Vol.333, 29 Oct. 1994, pp.55-6, 67-8.
60. Pierre de Boal to John D. Hickerson, Ottawa, 15 April 1933, Department of State, Decimal File 1930-39, Box 3179, RG59, National Archives, Washington, DC.
61. Gordon T. Stewart, The American Response to Canada since 1776 (East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press, 1992), pp. 175-205.
62. The New York Times, 30 Nov. 1994.