Changes in the propensity to take holiday trips abroad in EU countries between 1985 and 1997

Tourism Economics

Volumn 10, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 403-417

  Toivonen, Timo ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TURKU   (Finland)

Author keywords

EU; Gender of tourists; Regime; Senior tourism; Travel frequency; Travel propensity

Indexed keywords

INTERNATIONAL TOURISM; TOURIST BEHAVIOR; TOURIST DESTINATION; TREND ANALYSIS;

EASTERN HEMISPHERE; EURASIA; EUROPE; WORLD;

EID: 10844252384     PISSN: 13548166     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5367/0000000042430935     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Chon, K., and Singh, A. (1995), 'Marketing resorts to 2000: Review of trends in the USA', Tourism Management, Vol 16, No 1, pp 463-469.
2. Cockerell, N. (1993), 'Europe's senior travel market', Travel and Tourism Analyst, Vol 7, pp 37-56.
3. Collins, D., and Tisdell, C. (2002), 'Age-related lifecycles: purpose variations', Annals of Tourism Research, Vol 29, No 3, pp 801-818.
4. Dardis, R., Soberon-Ferrer, H., and Patro, D. (1994), 'Analysis of leisure expenditures in the United States', Journal of Leisure Research, Vol 26, No 4, pp 309-321.
5. Esping-Andersen, G. (1999), Social Foundations of Post-Industrial Economies, Polity Press, London.
6. Euro-Barometer 25 (1986), Holiday Travel and Environmental Problems, Finnish Social Science Data Archive, FSDO074.
7. Eurobarometer 48.0 (1997), Holiday Travel, Finnish Social Science Data Archive, FSDO029.
8. Fleischer, A., and Pizam, A. (2002), 'Vacation constraints of Israeli seniors', Annals of Tourism Research, Vol 29, No 1, pp 100-123.
9. Härkönen, J. (2002), 'Kotitaloudet, työmarkkinat ja köyhyys - kotitalouksien työmarkkinaosallistuminenon ja kö yhyysriskit Euroopan unionissa', in Toivonen, T., ed, For Scientific Sociology, Research Symposium of Economic Sociology, Discussion and Working Papers, Vol 3, Turku School of Economics and Business Administration, Turku.
10. Hawkins, M. (1997), 'The US and Canadian markets for international pleasure travel', in A Focus on Seniors, Second International Conference on Senior Tourism, Refice/Olinda, Brazil, 12-15 September 1996, World Tourism Organization, Madrid.
11. Henderson, K.A. (1996), 'One size doesn't fit all: the meanings of women's leisure', Journal of Leisure Research, Vol 28, No 3, pp 139-154.
12. Hong, G.-S., Kim, S.Y, and Lee, J. (1999), 'Travel expenditure patterns of elderly households in the US', Tourism Recreation Research, Vol 24, No 1, pp 43-52.
13. IPK International (2001), The Impact of Different Generations in Outbound Tourism Flows from France, Germany and the UK 2001 2020, IPK International, Munich.
14. Kinnaird, V. (2000), 'Gender', in Jafati, J., ed, Encyclopedia of Tourism, Routledge, London, pp 246-248.
15. Kinnaird, V, and Hall, D. (2000), 'Theorising gender in tourism research', Tourism Recreation Research, Vol 25, No 2, pp 71-84.
16. Lawson, R. (1991), 'Patterns of tourist expenditure and types of vacation across the family life cycle', Journal of Travel Research Vol 29, No 1, pp 12-18.
17. Lindqvist, L.-J., and Bjork, R (2000), 'Perceived safety as an important quality dimension among senior tourists', Tourism Economics, Vol 6, No 2, pp 151-158.
18. Lohman, M., and Danielsson, J. (2002), 'Predicting travel patterns of senior citizens: how the past may provide a key to the future', Journal of Vacation Marketing, Vol 7, No 4, pp 357-366.
19. Mannheim, K. (1928/1952), The Problem of Generations: Essays on the Sociology of Knowledge, Oxford University Press, New York.
20. Meredith, G.E., and Schewe, C. (1994), Cobort Analysis: A New Marketing Tool, Working Paper Series 1994/21, Institute of Economic Research.
21. Oppermann, M. (1995a), 'Family life cycle and cohort effects: a study of travel patterns of German residents', Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, Vol 4, No 1, pp 23-44.
22. Oppermann, M. (1995b), 'Travel life cycle', Annals of Tourism Research, Vol 22, No 3, pp 535-55.
23. Pederson, B. (1994), 'Future seniors and the travel industry', FIU Hospitality Review, Vol 5, No 1, pp 59-69.
24. Pennington-Gray, L., and Spreng, R.A. (2002), 'Analyzing changing preferences for pleasure travel with cohort analysis', Tourism Analysis, Vol 6, No 2, pp 109-121,
25. Raftery, A.E. (1986), 'Choosing models for cross-classifications', American Sociological Review, Vol 51, No 1, pp 145-146.
26. Shoemaker, S. (1989), 'Segmentation of the senior pleasure travel market', Journal of Travel Research, Vol 27, No 1, pp 14-21.
27. Shrener, P. (2002), Age of the Withdrawal from the Labour Force in OECD Countries, Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers No 49, OECD, Paris.
28. Standard Eurobarometer Weighting Overview (2000), http://www.gesis.org/en/data↘rvice/eurobarometer/standard_eb /ebweight.htm, accessed 6 December.
29. Statistics Finland, (2001), Finnish Travel 2000, Transport and Tourism, No 9, Statistics Finland.
30. Tabachnic, B. G., and Fidell, L.S. (2001), Using Multivariate Statistics, Allyn and Bacon, Boston, MA.
31. Toivonen, T. (2001a), 'Are the differences in holiday frequency between countries only structural? A comparison of 15 EU Countries', in Toivonen, T., ed, You'll Never Walk Alone: Studies on International and National Developments in Tourism, Discussion and Working Papers, Vol 4, Turku School of Economics and Business Administration, Turku, pp 39-59.
32. Toivonen, T. (2001b), 'Senior tourism - a vanguard of tourism growth: a myth and/or a fact?', in Toivonen, T., and Honkanen, A., eds, North-South: Contrasts and Connections in Global Tourism, ATLAS and Finnish University Network for Tourism Studies, Savonlinna, pp 300-310.
33. Toivonen, T. (2002), 'Converging differences? A study on holiday trip propensity among older and younger residents of EU countries', paper presented at Conference on 'Leisure Futures - Shaping the Future of the Tourism and Leisure Industry', Innsbruck, 11-13 April.
34. Warnick, R. (1993), 'US domestic travel: back to the future - the impacts of an aging US population on domestic travel trends', Annual Review of Travel, American Express Travel Related Services, New York, pp 75-89.
35. WTO (2001), www.world-tourism.org, accessed 6 February 2003.
36. WTO (2003), www.world-tourism.org, accessed 6 February 2003.
37. You, Xinran, and O'Leary, J.T. (2000), 'Age and cohort effects: an examination of older Japanese travelers', Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, Vol 9, No 1, pp 21-42,