"The quickest way possible": Iowa farm families and tractor-drawn combines, 1940-1960

Agricultural History

Volumn 76, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 669-688

  Anderson, J L ^a  

^a IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY; HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY; RURAL SOCIETY; TWENTIETH CENTURY;

IOWA; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES; WESTERN HEMISPHERE; WORLD;

EID: 10844231026     PISSN: 00021482     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1525/ah.2002.76.4.669     Document Type: Review

References (82)

1. Standard sources for the development of harvesting and combine technology include R. Douglas Hurt, American Farm Tools From Hand Power to Steam Power (Manhattan, Kans.: Sunflower University Press, 1986) and Agricultural Technology in the Twentieth Century (Manhattan: Sunflower University Press, 1991); and Graeme Quick and Wesley Buchele, The Grain Harvesters (St. Joseph, Mich.: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 1978). Thomas D. Isern details the rise and eventual dominance of combines on the Great Plains in Bullthreshers and Bindlestiffs: Harvesting and Threshing on the Great Plains (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas): J. Sanford Rikoon discusses the beginnings of combined harvesting-threshing in Threshing in the Midwest, 1820-1940. A Study of Traditional Culture and Technological Change (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988). A model study for Iowa farm mechanization in the twentieth century is Thomas Burnell Colbert, "Iowa Farmers and Mechanical Corn Pickers, 1900-1932." Agricultural History 74 (Spring 2000): 530-44.
2. Standard sources for the development of harvesting and combine technology include R. Douglas Hurt, American Farm Tools From Hand Power to Steam Power (Manhattan, Kans.: Sunflower University Press, 1986) and Agricultural Technology in the Twentieth Century (Manhattan: Sunflower University Press, 1991); and Graeme Quick and Wesley Buchele, The Grain Harvesters (St. Joseph, Mich.: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 1978). Thomas D. Isern details the rise and eventual dominance of combines on the Great Plains in Bullthreshers and Bindlestiffs: Harvesting and Threshing on the Great Plains (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas): J. Sanford Rikoon discusses the beginnings of combined harvesting-threshing in Threshing in the Midwest, 1820-1940. A Study of Traditional Culture and Technological Change (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988). A model study for Iowa farm mechanization in the twentieth century is Thomas Burnell Colbert, "Iowa Farmers and Mechanical Corn Pickers, 1900-1932." Agricultural History 74 (Spring 2000): 530-44.
3. Standard sources for the development of harvesting and combine technology include R. Douglas Hurt, American Farm Tools From Hand Power to Steam Power (Manhattan, Kans.: Sunflower University Press, 1986) and Agricultural Technology in the Twentieth Century (Manhattan: Sunflower University Press, 1991); and Graeme Quick and Wesley Buchele, The Grain Harvesters (St. Joseph, Mich.: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 1978). Thomas D. Isern details the rise and eventual dominance of combines on the Great Plains in Bullthreshers and Bindlestiffs: Harvesting and Threshing on the Great Plains (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas): J. Sanford Rikoon discusses the beginnings of combined harvesting-threshing in Threshing in the Midwest, 1820-1940. A Study of Traditional Culture and Technological Change (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988). A model study for Iowa farm mechanization in the twentieth century is Thomas Burnell Colbert, "Iowa Farmers and Mechanical Corn Pickers, 1900-1932." Agricultural History 74 (Spring 2000): 530-44.
4. Standard sources for the development of harvesting and combine technology include R. Douglas Hurt, American Farm Tools From Hand Power to Steam Power (Manhattan, Kans.: Sunflower University Press, 1986) and Agricultural Technology in the Twentieth Century (Manhattan: Sunflower University Press, 1991); and Graeme Quick and Wesley Buchele, The Grain Harvesters (St. Joseph, Mich.: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 1978). Thomas D. Isern details the rise and eventual dominance of combines on the Great Plains in Bullthreshers and Bindlestiffs: Harvesting and Threshing on the Great Plains (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas): J. Sanford Rikoon discusses the beginnings of combined harvesting-threshing in Threshing in the Midwest, 1820-1940. A Study of Traditional Culture and Technological Change (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988). A model study for Iowa farm mechanization in the twentieth century is Thomas Burnell Colbert, "Iowa Farmers and Mechanical Corn Pickers, 1900-1932." Agricultural History 74 (Spring 2000): 530-44.
5. Standard sources for the development of harvesting and combine technology include R. Douglas Hurt, American Farm Tools From Hand Power to Steam Power (Manhattan, Kans.: Sunflower University Press, 1986) and Agricultural Technology in the Twentieth Century (Manhattan: Sunflower University Press, 1991); and Graeme Quick and Wesley Buchele, The Grain Harvesters (St. Joseph, Mich.: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 1978). Thomas D. Isern details the rise and eventual dominance of combines on the Great Plains in Bullthreshers and Bindlestiffs: Harvesting and Threshing on the Great Plains (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas): J. Sanford Rikoon discusses the beginnings of combined harvesting-threshing in Threshing in the Midwest, 1820-1940. A Study of Traditional Culture and Technological Change (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988). A model study for Iowa farm mechanization in the twentieth century is Thomas Burnell Colbert, "Iowa Farmers and Mechanical Corn Pickers, 1900-1932." Agricultural History 74 (Spring 2000): 530-44.
6. Standard sources for the development of harvesting and combine technology include R. Douglas Hurt, American Farm Tools From Hand Power to Steam Power (Manhattan, Kans.: Sunflower University Press, 1986) and Agricultural Technology in the Twentieth Century (Manhattan: Sunflower University Press, 1991); and Graeme Quick and Wesley Buchele, The Grain Harvesters (St. Joseph, Mich.: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 1978). Thomas D. Isern details the rise and eventual dominance of combines on the Great Plains in Bullthreshers and Bindlestiffs: Harvesting and Threshing on the Great Plains (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas): J. Sanford Rikoon discusses the beginnings of combined harvesting-threshing in Threshing in the Midwest, 1820-1940. A Study of Traditional Culture and Technological Change (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988). A model study for Iowa farm mechanization in the twentieth century is Thomas Burnell Colbert, "Iowa Farmers and Mechanical Corn Pickers, 1900-1932." Agricultural History 74 (Spring 2000): 530-44.
7. "McCormick Deering Take-Off Combine," Farm Implement News, 27 March 1930; "John Deere No. 5 Combine," Farm Implement News, 29 May 1930; "The Fleming-Hall Baby Combine," Farm Implement News, 7 August 1930; "Allis-Chalmers Announces 'Baby' Combine." Farm Implement News, 20 November 1930; Charles H. Wendel, The Allis-Chalmers Story (Osceola, Wis.: Crestline Publishing, 1993), 66.
8. "McCormick Deering Take-Off Combine," Farm Implement News, 27 March 1930; "John Deere No. 5 Combine," Farm Implement News, 29 May 1930; "The Fleming-Hall Baby Combine," Farm Implement News, 7 August 1930; "Allis-Chalmers Announces 'Baby' Combine." Farm Implement News, 20 November 1930; Charles H. Wendel, The Allis-Chalmers Story (Osceola, Wis.: Crestline Publishing, 1993), 66.
9. "McCormick Deering Take-Off Combine," Farm Implement News, 27 March 1930; "John Deere No. 5 Combine," Farm Implement News, 29 May 1930; "The Fleming-Hall Baby Combine," Farm Implement News, 7 August 1930; "Allis-Chalmers Announces 'Baby' Combine." Farm Implement News, 20 November 1930; Charles H. Wendel, The Allis-Chalmers Story (Osceola, Wis.: Crestline Publishing, 1993), 66.
10. "McCormick Deering Take-Off Combine," Farm Implement News, 27 March 1930; "John Deere No. 5 Combine," Farm Implement News, 29 May 1930; "The Fleming-Hall Baby Combine," Farm Implement News, 7 August 1930; "Allis-Chalmers Announces 'Baby' Combine." Farm Implement News, 20 November 1930; Charles H. Wendel, The Allis-Chalmers Story (Osceola, Wis.: Crestline Publishing, 1993), 66.
11. "McCormick Deering Take-Off Combine," Farm Implement News, 27 March 1930; "John Deere No. 5 Combine," Farm Implement News, 29 May 1930; "The Fleming-Hall Baby Combine," Farm Implement News, 7 August 1930; "Allis-Chalmers Announces 'Baby' Combine." Farm Implement News, 20 November 1930; Charles H. Wendel, The Allis-Chalmers Story (Osceola, Wis.: Crestline Publishing, 1993), 66.
12. W. M. Hurst and W. R. Humphries, "Performance Studies of Small Combines." Agricultural Engineering 17 (June 1936): 249-50; W. M. Hurst, "The Field for the Small Combined HarvesterThresher," Agricultural Engineering 16 (June 1935): 221-22, Discussion by F. N. G. Kramck, 222-23.
13. W. M. Hurst and W. R. Humphries, "Performance Studies of Small Combines." Agricultural Engineering 17 (June 1936): 249-50; W. M. Hurst, "The Field for the Small Combined HarvesterThresher," Agricultural Engineering 16 (June 1935): 221-22, Discussion by F. N. G. Kramck, 222-23.
14. Doyle Brubaker, interview by author, tape recording, Newton, Iowa, 7 September 2001; "Combines Gain on Binders" Wallaces' Farmer and Iowa Homestead, 10 August 1940.
15. Doyle Brubaker, interview by author, tape recording, Newton, Iowa, 7 September 2001; "Combines Gain on Binders" Wallaces' Farmer and Iowa Homestead, 10 August 1940.
16. Brubaker, interview.
17. Quick and Buchele, The Grain Harvesters, 172-73; Keith Robinson, interview by author, tape recording, Atlantic, Iowa, 1 October 1992; Lennis J. Holm "From Family Farm to Agribusiness" (honors thesis, University of Iowa, 1967), 115. Darlene and Elmer Meyer, letter to author, 7 September 2001; "John Deere No. 12-A Combine Paves the Way to Bigger Profits," John Deere sales brochure, A-534-50-8, 1950.
18. Quick and Buchele, The Grain Harvesters, 172-73; Keith Robinson, interview by author, tape recording, Atlantic, Iowa, 1 October 1992; Lennis J. Holm "From Family Farm to Agribusiness" (honors thesis, University of Iowa, 1967), 115. Darlene and Elmer Meyer, letter to author, 7 September 2001; "John Deere No. 12-A Combine Paves the Way to Bigger Profits," John Deere sales brochure, A-534-50-8, 1950.
19. Quick and Buchele, The Grain Harvesters, 172-73; Keith Robinson, interview by author, tape recording, Atlantic, Iowa, 1 October 1992; Lennis J. Holm "From Family Farm to Agribusiness" (honors thesis, University of Iowa, 1967), 115. Darlene and Elmer Meyer, letter to author, 7 September 2001; "John Deere No. 12-A Combine Paves the Way to Bigger Profits," John Deere sales brochure, A-534-50-8, 1950.
20. Quick and Buchele, The Grain Harvesters, 172-73; Keith Robinson, interview by author, tape recording, Atlantic, Iowa, 1 October 1992; Lennis J. Holm "From Family Farm to Agribusiness" (honors thesis, University of Iowa, 1967), 115. Darlene and Elmer Meyer, letter to author, 7 September 2001; "John Deere No. 12-A Combine Paves the Way to Bigger Profits," John Deere sales brochure, A-534-50-8, 1950.
21. Quick and Buchele, The Grain Harvesters, 172-73; Keith Robinson, interview by author, tape recording, Atlantic, Iowa, 1 October 1992; Lennis J. Holm "From Family Farm to Agribusiness" (honors thesis, University of Iowa, 1967), 115. Darlene and Elmer Meyer, letter to author, 7 September 2001; "John Deere No. 12-A Combine Paves the Way to Bigger Profits," John Deere sales brochure, A-534-50-8, 1950.
22. "Own Or Hire The Combine," Wallaces' Farmer, 21 June 1952.
23. "Should You Own a Combine?" Wallaces' Farmer, 5 June 1954; "Are you losing money on machinery?" Successful Farming, May 1950.
24. "Should You Own a Combine?" Wallaces' Farmer, 5 June 1954; "Are you losing money on machinery?" Successful Farming, May 1950.
25. Rudolf Schipull Papers, farm account books, 1939-1952, Iowa State University, Special Collections, Robert W. and Ellen Sorge Parks Library.
26. According to the Schipull Papers, the expenses for combining, binding, and threshing do not include fuel, which Schipull did not itemize by type of fieldwork. If figures for fuel were available, the cost of combining would be even more favorable compared to binding and threshing, since the latter method required a trip across the field for harvesting, picking up bundles, and at least two days of threshing.
27. "Has Threshing Lost Its Glamour?" Wallaces' Farmer, 21 July 1945.
28. Johnnie Westphalen, interview by author, tape recording, Atlantic, Iowa, 2 October 1992.
29. Rikoon argued that farmers continued to thresh after World War II because they "weighed the financial cost of innovation and concluded that older practices still provided the most efficient way to complete the grain harvest," Threshing in the Midwest, 153. Lenis Holm "From Family Farm to Agribusiness," 115; Robinson, interview.
30. Rikoon argued that farmers continued to thresh after World War II because they "weighed the financial cost of innovation and concluded that older practices still provided the most efficient way to complete the grain harvest," Threshing in the Midwest, 153. Lenis Holm "From Family Farm to Agribusiness," 115; Robinson, interview.
31. Rikoon argued that farmers continued to thresh after World War II because they "weighed the financial cost of innovation and concluded that older practices still provided the most efficient way to complete the grain harvest," Threshing in the Midwest, 153. Lenis Holm "From Family Farm to Agribusiness," 115; Robinson, interview.
32. "Combines Gain on Binders"; "Pointers on Combining," Wallaces' Farmer, 28 June 1941.
33. "Combines Gain on Binders"; "Pointers on Combining," Wallaces' Farmer, 28 June 1941.
34. "No More Threshing Ring Dinners?" Wallaces' Fanner, 27 June 1942.
35. "Let Grain Get Ripe, Farmers Say," Wallaces' Farmer, 6 July 1946.
36. "Windrowing Helps Grain Quality," Wallaces' Farmer, 18 June 1949; "Windrowed Grain Keeps Better," Wallaces' Farmer, 1 July 1950; "Need Straw Next Winter?" Wallaces' Farmer, 21 July 1951. As a postscript, in 1960 a brief article titled "Harvesting Oats" asked whether farmers should combine standing oats or from a windrow without offering any indication of a preferred method. Wallaces' Farmer, 2 July 1960.
37. "Windrowing Helps Grain Quality," Wallaces' Farmer, 18 June 1949; "Windrowed Grain Keeps Better," Wallaces' Farmer, 1 July 1950; "Need Straw Next Winter?" Wallaces' Farmer, 21 July 1951. As a postscript, in 1960 a brief article titled "Harvesting Oats" asked whether farmers should combine standing oats or from a windrow without offering any indication of a preferred method. Wallaces' Farmer, 2 July 1960.
38. "Windrowing Helps Grain Quality," Wallaces' Farmer, 18 June 1949; "Windrowed Grain Keeps Better," Wallaces' Farmer, 1 July 1950; "Need Straw Next Winter?" Wallaces' Farmer, 21 July 1951. As a postscript, in 1960 a brief article titled "Harvesting Oats" asked whether farmers should combine standing oats or from a windrow without offering any indication of a preferred method. Wallaces' Farmer, 2 July 1960.
39. "Windrowing Helps Grain Quality," Wallaces' Farmer, 18 June 1949; "Windrowed Grain Keeps Better," Wallaces' Farmer, 1 July 1950; "Need Straw Next Winter?" Wallaces' Farmer, 21 July 1951. As a postscript, in 1960 a brief article titled "Harvesting Oats" asked whether farmers should combine standing oats or from a windrow without offering any indication of a preferred method. Wallaces' Farmer, 2 July 1960.
40. "No More Threshing Ring Dinners?"; Charles and Minnie Havran Farm Records, Living History Farms, Urbandale, Iowa; Brubaker, interview.
41. Edward O. Moe and Carl G. Taylor, "Culture of a Contemporary Rural Community, Irwin, Iowa," Rural Life Studies 5 (Washington, D.C.: USDA, December, 1942). 39, 78; Robinson, interview.
42. Edward O. Moe and Carl G. Taylor, "Culture of a Contemporary Rural Community, Irwin, Iowa," Rural Life Studies 5 (Washington, D.C.: USDA, December, 1942). 39, 78; Robinson, interview.
43. "Getting Onto Combines," Wallaces' Farmer, 14 June 1941, R. D. Anderson, interview by author, tape recording, Des Moines, Iowa. 7 December 2001; "Need Straw Next Winter?"
44. "Getting Onto Combines," Wallaces' Farmer, 14 June 1941, R. D. Anderson, interview by author, tape recording, Des Moines, Iowa. 7 December 2001; "Need Straw Next Winter?"
45. "Getting Onto Combines," Wallaces' Farmer, 14 June 1941, R. D. Anderson, interview by author, tape recording, Des Moines, Iowa. 7 December 2001; "Need Straw Next Winter?"
46. Mary Neth stressed the importance of threshing as a farm survival strategy that allowed family farms to minimize expenses by exchanging labor within their communities. According to Neth, the break-up of threshing rings was a loss of community sharing that men and especially women mourned. While farm family members might have valued aspects of threshing, it seems likely that they welcomed the new work more than they mourned the passing of the old. See chapter 6 of Preserving the Family Farm: Women, Community, and the Foundations of Agribusiness in the Midwest, 1900-1940 (Baltimore. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995).
47. Elmer and Darlene Meyer, interview by author, tape recording, Bridgewater, Iowa, 14 August 2001; Anderson. interview; Robinson, interview.
48. Elmer and Darlene Meyer, interview by author, tape recording, Bridgewater, Iowa, 14 August 2001; Anderson. interview; Robinson, interview.
49. Elmer and Darlene Meyer, interview by author, tape recording, Bridgewater, Iowa, 14 August 2001; Anderson. interview; Robinson, interview.
50. "Streamlined Threshing Meals," Wallaces' Farmer, 27 June 1940.
51. "Feeding the Threshers," Wallaces' Farmer, 27 June 1942.
52. "Extra Men Coming For Dinner," Wallaces' Former, 15 July 1950 ; Meyer, interview.
53. "Extra Men Coming For Dinner," Wallaces' Former, 15 July 1950 ; Meyer, interview.
54. Katherine Jellison depicted the growing role for women in fieldwork after World War II in chapter 6 of Entitled to Power: Farm Women and Technology. 1913-1963 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993): "Oat Harvest," Wallaces' Farmer, 7 August 1945.
55. Katherine Jellison depicted the growing role for women in fieldwork after World War II in chapter 6 of Entitled to Power: Farm Women and Technology. 1913-1963 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993): "Oat Harvest," Wallaces' Farmer, 7 August 1945.
56. The Sheppards Take a Vacation, produced by Ray-Bell Films for John Deere Company, directed by Reid H. Ray, ca 1940.
57. "How to Take Eight On Your Vacation," Wallaces' Farmer, 15 July 1950; Anderson, interview.
58. "How to Take Eight On Your Vacation," Wallaces' Farmer, 15 July 1950; Anderson, interview.
59. "Power Farming Changes Leases," Wallaces' Farmer, 5 October 1946; "Who Pays: Tenant or Landlord?" Wallaces' Farmer, 3 July 1948; "Who Pays For Combining?" Wallaces' Farmer, 1 July 1950.
60. "Power Farming Changes Leases," Wallaces' Farmer, 5 October 1946; "Who Pays: Tenant or Landlord?" Wallaces' Farmer, 3 July 1948; "Who Pays For Combining?" Wallaces' Farmer, 1 July 1950.
61. "Power Farming Changes Leases," Wallaces' Farmer, 5 October 1946; "Who Pays: Tenant or Landlord?" Wallaces' Farmer, 3 July 1948; "Who Pays For Combining?" Wallaces' Farmer, 1 July 1950.
62. Earle D. Ross, Iowa Agriculture (Iowa City: State Historical Society of Iowa Press, 1951), 180; Walter W. Wilcox, The Farmer in the Second World War (Ames: Iowa State College Press, 1947), 299: "Is the Soybean Boom Over?" Wallaces'Farmer, 20 October 1945; U.S. Census of Agriculture, 1940, vol. 1, pt. 2, 121; "Combines on Beans," Wallaces' Farmer, 15 September 1942; Iowa State Department of Agriculture, Iowa Book of Agriculture for 1954-1955 (Des Moines: State of Iowa, 1956), 406; Iowa Book of Agriculture for 1960-1961, 328.
63. Earle D. Ross, Iowa Agriculture (Iowa City: State Historical Society of Iowa Press, 1951), 180; Walter W. Wilcox, The Farmer in the Second World War (Ames: Iowa State College Press, 1947), 299: "Is the Soybean Boom Over?" Wallaces'Farmer, 20 October 1945; U.S. Census of Agriculture, 1940, vol. 1, pt. 2, 121; "Combines on Beans," Wallaces' Farmer, 15 September 1942; Iowa State Department of Agriculture, Iowa Book of Agriculture for 1954-1955 (Des Moines: State of Iowa, 1956), 406; Iowa Book of Agriculture for 1960-1961, 328.
64. Earle D. Ross, Iowa Agriculture (Iowa City: State Historical Society of Iowa Press, 1951), 180; Walter W. Wilcox, The Farmer in the Second World War (Ames: Iowa State College Press, 1947), 299: "Is the Soybean Boom Over?" Wallaces'Farmer, 20 October 1945; U.S. Census of Agriculture, 1940, vol. 1, pt. 2, 121; "Combines on Beans," Wallaces' Farmer, 15 September 1942; Iowa State Department of Agriculture, Iowa Book of Agriculture for 1954-1955 (Des Moines: State of Iowa, 1956), 406; Iowa Book of Agriculture for 1960-1961, 328.
65. Earle D. Ross, Iowa Agriculture (Iowa City: State Historical Society of Iowa Press, 1951), 180; Walter W. Wilcox, The Farmer in the Second World War (Ames: Iowa State College Press, 1947), 299: "Is the Soybean Boom Over?" Wallaces'Farmer, 20 October 1945; U.S. Census of Agriculture, 1940, vol. 1, pt. 2, 121; "Combines on Beans," Wallaces' Farmer, 15 September 1942; Iowa State Department of Agriculture, Iowa Book of Agriculture for 1954-1955 (Des Moines: State of Iowa, 1956), 406; Iowa Book of Agriculture for 1960-1961, 328.
66. Earle D. Ross, Iowa Agriculture (Iowa City: State Historical Society of Iowa Press, 1951), 180; Walter W. Wilcox, The Farmer in the Second World War (Ames: Iowa State College Press, 1947), 299: "Is the Soybean Boom Over?" Wallaces'Farmer, 20 October 1945; U.S. Census of Agriculture, 1940, vol. 1, pt. 2, 121; "Combines on Beans," Wallaces' Farmer, 15 September 1942; Iowa State Department of Agriculture, Iowa Book of Agriculture for 1954-1955 (Des Moines: State of Iowa, 1956), 406; Iowa Book of Agriculture for 1960-1961, 328.
67. Earle D. Ross, Iowa Agriculture (Iowa City: State Historical Society of Iowa Press, 1951), 180; Walter W. Wilcox, The Farmer in the Second World War (Ames: Iowa State College Press, 1947), 299: "Is the Soybean Boom Over?" Wallaces'Farmer, 20 October 1945; U.S. Census of Agriculture, 1940, vol. 1, pt. 2, 121; "Combines on Beans," Wallaces' Farmer, 15 September 1942; Iowa State Department of Agriculture, Iowa Book of Agriculture for 1954-1955 (Des Moines: State of Iowa, 1956), 406; Iowa Book of Agriculture for 1960-1961, 328.
68. Earle D. Ross, Iowa Agriculture (Iowa City: State Historical Society of Iowa Press, 1951), 180; Walter W. Wilcox, The Farmer in the Second World War (Ames: Iowa State College Press, 1947), 299: "Is the Soybean Boom Over?" Wallaces'Farmer, 20 October 1945; U.S. Census of Agriculture, 1940, vol. 1, pt. 2, 121; "Combines on Beans," Wallaces' Farmer, 15 September 1942; Iowa State Department of Agriculture, Iowa Book of Agriculture for 1954-1955 (Des Moines: State of Iowa, 1956), 406; Iowa Book of Agriculture for 1960-1961, 328.
69. Ross, Iowa Agriculture, 180; Lillian Church "Partial History of the Development of Grain Harvesting Equipment," Information Series No. 72 (rev. ed.) (Washington, D.C.: USDA, October 1947), 51; Schipull Papers; Asa T. Meelchryst Papers, farm account books. State Historical Society of Iowa, Des Moines, Iowa. Rikoon included a skillful discussion of the importance of combines in the transition to soybeans in chapter 7 of Threshing in the Midwest.
70. Ross, Iowa Agriculture, 180; Lillian Church "Partial History of the Development of Grain Harvesting Equipment," Information Series No. 72 (rev. ed.) (Washington, D.C.: USDA, October 1947), 51; Schipull Papers; Asa T. Meelchryst Papers, farm account books. State Historical Society of Iowa, Des Moines, Iowa. Rikoon included a skillful discussion of the importance of combines in the transition to soybeans in chapter 7 of Threshing in the Midwest.
71. Ross, Iowa Agriculture, 180; Lillian Church "Partial History of the Development of Grain Harvesting Equipment," Information Series No. 72 (rev. ed.) (Washington, D.C.: USDA, October 1947), 51; Schipull Papers; Asa T. Meelchryst Papers, farm account books. State Historical Society of Iowa, Des Moines, Iowa. Rikoon included a skillful discussion of the importance of combines in the transition to soybeans in chapter 7 of Threshing in the Midwest.
72. Ross, Iowa Agriculture, 180; Lillian Church "Partial History of the Development of Grain Harvesting Equipment," Information Series No. 72 (rev. ed.) (Washington, D.C.: USDA, October 1947), 51; Schipull Papers; Asa T. Meelchryst Papers, farm account books. State Historical Society of Iowa, Des Moines, Iowa. Rikoon included a skillful discussion of the importance of combines in the transition to soybeans in chapter 7 of Threshing in the Midwest.
73. Ross, Iowa Agriculture, 180; Lillian Church "Partial History of the Development of Grain Harvesting Equipment," Information Series No. 72 (rev. ed.) (Washington, D.C.: USDA, October 1947), 51; Schipull Papers; Asa T. Meelchryst Papers, farm account books. State Historical Society of Iowa, Des Moines, Iowa. Rikoon included a skillful discussion of the importance of combines in the transition to soybeans in chapter 7 of Threshing in the Midwest.
74. "Thresh Beans With Care," Wallaces' Farmer, 17 October 1942.
75. "Does Combine Save Beans?" Wallaces' Farmer, 16 September 1944; "Lose One-Tenth of Bean Crop?" Wallaces' Farmer, 15 September 1951; "How to Save More Beans." Wallaces' Farmer, 19 September 1954.
76. "Does Combine Save Beans?" Wallaces' Farmer, 16 September 1944; "Lose One-Tenth of Bean Crop?" Wallaces' Farmer, 15 September 1951; "How to Save More Beans." Wallaces' Farmer, 19 September 1954.
77. "Does Combine Save Beans?" Wallaces' Farmer, 16 September 1944; "Lose One-Tenth of Bean Crop?" Wallaces' Farmer, 15 September 1951; "How to Save More Beans." Wallaces' Farmer, 19 September 1954.
78. John Deere advertisement, Farm Implement News, 25 November 1950.
79. Iowa Book of Agriculture for 1952-1953, 475; Iowa Book of Agriculture for 1958-1959, 329.
80. Iowa Book of Agriculture for 1952-1953, 475; Iowa Book of Agriculture for 1958-1959, 329.
81. John Deere Combine advertisement Wallaces' Farmer, 17 May 1941; "Need Straw Next Winter?"
82. John Deere Combine advertisement Wallaces' Farmer, 17 May 1941; "Need Straw Next Winter?"