The effect of mass administration of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine combined with artesunate on malaria incidence: A double-blind, community-randomized, placebo-controlled trial in the Gambia

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Volumn 97, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 217-225

  von Seidlein, Lorenz ^a,b,c   Walraven, Gijs ^a,b   Milligan, Paul J M ^a   Alexander, Neal ^b   Manneh, Fandingding ^d   Deen, Jacqueline L ^a   Coleman, Roz ^a   Jawara, Musa ^a   Lindsay, Steve W ^e   Drakeley, Chris ^b   De Martin, Sarah ^b   Olliaro, Piero ^f   Bennett, Steve ^a   van der Loeff, Maarten Schim ^a,b   Okunoye, Kunle ^a   Targett, Geoff A T ^b   McAdam, Keith P W J ^a   Doherty, Justin F ^a,b   Greenwood, Brian M ^b   Pinder, Margaret ^a  

^a MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL LABORATORIES   (Gambia)

^b LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^c International Vaccine Institute   (South Korea)

^d Department of State for Health ^*  (Gambia)

^e DURHAM UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^f WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Africa; Artesunate; Chemotherapy; Malaria; Plasmodium falciparum; Sulfadoxine pyrimethamine

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIMALARIAL AGENT; ARTESUNATE; CHLOROQUINE; FANSIDAR;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY; ARTICLE; CELL MATURATION; CHILD; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMMUNITY CARE; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIARRHEA; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; DRUG SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA; FEMALE; FEVER; GAMBIA; GAMETOCYTE; HUMAN; INFANT; LABORATORY TEST; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALARIA FALCIPARUM; MALE; NONHUMAN; PARASITE DEVELOPMENT; PARASITE INCIDENCE; PARASITE TRANSMISSION; PARASITE VIRULENCE; PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PRURITUS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RURAL AREA; SCHOOL CHILD; SEASONAL VARIATION; SINGLE DRUG DOSE; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; VERTIGO; VOMITING;

PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PROTOZOA;

EID: 10744231189     PISSN: 00359203     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0035-9203(03)90125-8     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Alonso, P. L., Lindsay, S. W., Armstrong Schellenberg, J. R. M., Keita, K., Gomez, P., Shenton, F. C., Hill, A. G., David, P. H., Fegan, G., Chain, K. & Greenwood, B. M. (1993). A malaria control trial using insecticide-treated bed nets and targeted chemoprophylaxis in a rural area of The Gambia, West Africa. 6. The impact of the interventions on mortality and morbidity from malaria. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 87, supplement 2, S2/37-S2/44.
2. Anderson, R. M. & May, R. M. (1991). Infectious Diseases of Humans. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
3. Barber, M., Rice, J. & Brown, J. (1932). Malaria studies on the Firestone rubber plantation in Liberia, West Africa. American Journal of Hygiene, 15, 601-633.
4. Behrman, R., Kliegman, R. & Arvin, A. (1996). Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.
5. Bennett, S., Parpia, T., Hayes, R. & Cousens, S. (2002). Methods for the analysis of incidence rates in cluster randomized trials. International Journal of Epidemiology, 41, 839-846.
6. Bogh, C. (1999). Variations in malaria transmission in rural Gambia. PhD thesis, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
7. De Zulueta, J., Kafuko, G., McCrae, A., Cullen, J., Pedersen, C. & Wasswa, D. (1964). A malaria eradication experiment in the highlands of Kigezi (Uganda). East African Medical Journal, 41, 102-120.
8. Deen, J. L., von Seidlein, L., Pinder, M., Walraven, G. E. L. & Greenwood, B. M. (2001). The safety of the combination artesunate and pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine given during pregnancy. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 95, 424-428.
9. Doi, H., Kaneko, A., Panjaitan, W. & Ishii, A. (1989). Chemotherapeutic malaria control operation by single dose of Fansidar plus primaquine in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 20, 341-349.
10. Dola, S. (1974). Mass drug administration as a supplementary attack measure in malaria eradication programme. East African Medical Journal, 51, 529-531.
11. Fryauff, D. J., Baird, J. K., Purnomo, Awalludin, M., Jones, T., Subianto, B., Richie, T. L., Tjitra, E., Wignall, F. S. & Hoffman, S. L. (1997). Malaria in a nonimmune population after extended chloroquine or primaquine prophylaxis. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 56, 137-140.
12. Gallup, J. L. & Sachs, J. D. (2001). The economic burden of malaria. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 64, 85-96.
13. Garfield, R. (1999). Malaria control in Nicaragua: social and political influences on disease transmission and control activities. Lancet, 354, 414-418.
14. Garfield, R. M. & Vermund, S. H. (1983). Changes in malaria incidence after mass drug administration in Nicaragua. Lancet, ii, 500-503.
15. Gillies, M. T. & DeMeillon, B. (1968). The Anophelinae of Africa South of the Sahara. Johannesburg: South African Institute of Medical Research.
16. Greenwood, B. M. & Armstrong, J. R. M. (1991). Comparison of two simple methods for determining malaria parasite density. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 85, 186-188.
17. Greenwood, B. M. & Pickering, H. (1993). A malaria control trial using insecticide-treated bed nets and targeted chemoprophylaxis in a rural area of The Gambia, West Africa. 1. A review of the epidemiology and control of malaria in The Gambia, West Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 87, supplement 2, S2/3-S2/11.
18. Hayes, R. J. & Bennett, S. (1999). Simple sample size calculation for cluster-randomized trials. International Journal of Epidemiology, 28, 319-326.
19. Hii, J., Vun, Y., Chin, K., Chua, R., Tambakau, S., Binisol, E., Fernandez, E., Singh, N. & Chan, M. (1987). The influence of permethrin-impregnated bednets and mass drug administration on the incidence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children in Sabah, Malaysia. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 1, 397-407.
20. Kaneko, A., Taleo, G., Kalkoa, M., Yamar, S., Kobayakawa, T. & Bjorkman, A. (2000). Malaria eradication on islands. Lancet, 356, 1560-1564.
21. Lindsay, S. W., Alonso, P. L., Armstrong Schellenberg, J. R. M., Hemingway, J., Thomas, P. J., Shenton, F. C. & Greenwood, B. M. (1993a). A malaria control trial using insecticide-treated bed nets and targeted chemoprophylaxis in a rural area of The Gambia, West Africa. 3. Entomological characteristics of the study area. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 87, supplement 2, S2/19-S2/23.
22. Lindsay, S. W., Alonso, P. L., Armstrong Schellenberg, J. R. M., Hemingway, J., Adiamah, J. H., Shenton, F. C., Jawara, M. & Greenwood, B. M. (1993b). A malaria control trial using insecticide-treated bed nets and targeted chemoprophylaxis in a rural area of The Gambia, West Africa. 7. Impact of permethrin-impregnated bed nets on malaria vectors. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 87, supplement 2, S2/45-S2/51.
23. McCormack, C. P. & Lwihula, G. (1983). Failure to participate in a malaria chemosupression program: North Mara, Tanzania. Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 86, 99-107.
24. Menendez, C., Kahigwa, E., Hirt, R., Vounatsou, P., Aponte, J. J., Font, F., Acosta, C. J., Schellenberg, D. M., Galindo, C. M., Kimario, J., Urassa, H., Brabin, B., Smith, T. A., Kitua, A. Y., Tanner, M. & Alonso, P. L. (1997). Randomised placebo-controlled trial of iron supplementation and malaria chemoprophylaxis for prevention of severe anaemia and malaria in Tanzanian infants. Lancet, 350, 844-850.
25. Meshnick, S. R., Taylor, T. E. & Kamchonwongpaisan, S. (1996). Artemisinin and the antimalarial endoperoxides: from herbal remedy to targeted chemotherapy. Microbiological Reviews, 60, 301-315.
26. Molineaux, K. & Gramiccia, G. (1980). The Garki Project. Research on the Epidemiology and Control of Malaria in the Sudan Savanna of West Africa. Geneva: World Health Organization.
27. Payne, D. (1988). Did medicated salt hasten the spread of chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum? Parasitology Today, 4, 112-115.
28. Price, R. N., Nosten, F., Luxemburger, C., ter Kuile, F. O., Paiphun, L., Chongsuphajaisiddhi, T. & White, N. J. (1996). Effects of artemisinin derivatives on malaria transmissibility. Lancet, 347, 1654-1658.
29. Schellenberg, D., Menendez, C., Kahigwa, E., Aponte, J., Vidal, J., Tanner, M., Mshinda, H. & Alonso, P. (2001). Intermittent treatment for malaria and anaemia control at time of routine vaccinations in Tanzanian infants: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet, 357, 1471-1477.
30. Singh, M. V., Agarwala, R. S. & Singh, K. N. (1968). Epidemiologic study of focal outbreak of malaria in consolidation phase area and evaluation of remedial measures in Uttar Pradesh (India). Bulletin of the Indian Society for Malaria and Other Communicable Diseases, 5, 207-220.
31. Smith, P. G. & Morrow, R. (1996). Field Trials of Health Interventions in Developing Countries: a Toolbox. London: Macmillan.
32. Snow, R. W., Craig, M., Deichmann, U. & Marsh, K. (1999). Estimating mortality, morbidity and disability due to malaria among Africa's non-pregnant population. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 77, 624-640.
33. Targett, G., Drakeley, C., Jawara, M., von Seidlein, L., Coleman, R., Deen, J., Pinder, M., Doherty, J., Sutherland, C., Walraven, G. & Milligan, P. (2001). Artesunate reduces but does not prevent posttreatment transmission of Plasmodium falciparum to Anopheles gambiae. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 183, 1254-1259.
34. Thomas, C. J. & Lindsay, S. W. (2000). Local-scale variation in malaria infection amongst rural Gambian children estimated by satellite remote sensing. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 94, 159-163.
35. von Seidlein, L., Milligan, P., Pinder, M., Bojang, K., Anyalebechi, C., Gosling, R., Coleman, R., Ude, J. I., Sadiq, A., Duraisingh, M., Warhurst, D., Alloueche, A., Targett, G., McAdam, K., Greenwood, B., Walraven, G., Olliaro, P. & Doherty, T. (2000). Efficacy of artesunate plus pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine for uncomplicated malaria in Gambian children: a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet, 355, 352-357.
36. von Seidlein, L., Clarke, S., Alexander, N., Manneh, F., Doherty, T., Pinder, M., Walraven, G. & Greenwood, B. (2002). Treatment uptake by individuals infected with Plasmodium falciparum in rural Gambia, West Africa. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 80, 790-796.
37. Wongsrichanalai, C., Thimasarn, K. & Sirichaisinthop, J. (2000). Antimalarial drug combination policy: a caveat. Lancet, 355, 2245-2247.