America's protégé in the east? The emergence of Poland as a regional leader

International Affaires

Volumn 79, Issue 5, 2003, Pages 1009-1028+ii+vi

  Zaborowski, Marcin ^a,c   Longhurst, Kerry ^b  

^a ASTON UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^c Center for International Relations   (Poland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 10744226841     PISSN: 00205850     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1468-2346.2003.00351.x     Document Type: Review

References (61)

1. See 'America and Turkey: a friendship on hold', The Economist, 29 March 2003, p. 26.
2. According to the polls conducted in July 2002, 73% of Poles had a positive and only 8% a negative view of George Bush, which made him the most liked foreign politician in Poland. See 'Stosunek Polaków do wybranych postaci ze świata polityki zagranicznej', in Komunikat ż badań, BS/112/2002, Centrum Badań Opinii Społecznej, www.cbos.pl.
3. John Reed, 'Warsaw gives a powerful friend a warm welcome', Financial Times, 16-17 June 2001; 'Bedzie rozszerzenie NATO', Gazeta Wyborcza, 13 June 2000.
4. John Reed, 'Warsaw gives a powerful friend a warm welcome', Financial Times, 16-17 June 2001; 'Bedzie rozszerzenie NATO', Gazeta Wyborcza, 13 June 2000.
5. 'Poland to take advisory role with new Nato members', American Forces Information Service. 24 Sept. 2002.
6. 'Polish pride, American profits'. New York Times, 12 Jan. 2003.
7. Quoted ibid.
8. 'President Aleksander Kwaśniewski pays a working visit to the USA', www.president.pl/ser/index.php3?tem_ID=5382&kategoria=Last%20month.
9. Interview with Christopher Hill in Gazeta Wyborcza, 22 Dec. 2002.
10. Robert Kagan, 'Power and weakness', Policy Review, June 2002.
11. Stuart Croft et al., 'The enlargement of NATO', in The enlargement of Europe (Manchester and New York; Manchester University Press, 1999).
12. Olaf Osica, 'In search of a new role: Poland vis-à-vis Euro-Atlantic relations', in M. Zaborowski and D. Dunn, eds, Poland: a new Atlanticist in Europe, special edition of Defence Studies, 2: 2, Summer 2002, pp. 21-39.
13. I b i d.
14. Reed, 'Warsaw gives a powerful friend a warm welcome'; 'Bedzie rozszerzenie NATO'.
15. Reed, 'Warsaw gives a powerful friend a warm welcome'; 'Bedzie rozszerzenie NATO'.
16. Authors' interviews in the Polish foreign office, Department of European Security, Warsaw, Jan. 2001.
17. On US-European differences over National Missile Defence, see 'Clinton faces European flak for "son of star wars"', Guardian, 3 June 2000.
18. Authors' confidential interviews, Warsaw, Jan. 2001.
19. Zbigniew Lentowicz, 'Tarcza dla sojuszników', Rzeczpospolita, 23 Feb. 2001.
20. 'Parasol antyrakietowy nad Polska̧?', Rzeczpospolita, 17 May 2001.
21. 'NATO: Otwarty konflikt miȩdzy USA i Europa̧', Rzeczpospolita, 6 Dec. 2000.
22. Jan Nowak-Jeziorański, 'Czy NATO jest zagrożone', Rzeczpospolita,15 May 2001.
23. Quoted in Olaf Osica, 'CESDP as seen by Poland', Reports and Analyses 5/01 (Warsaw: Centre for International Relations, 2001: www.csm.org.pl), p. 8.
24. Rafal Trzaskowski, 'Poland', in Antonio Missiroli, ed., Bigger EU, wider CFSP, stronger ESDP?, occasional paper no. 34 (Paris: European Union Institute for Security Studies, April 2002): www.isseu.org.
25. Osica, 'CESDP as seen by Poland', pp. 12-13.
26. Authors' interview in the Polish foreign office, Department of European Security, Warsaw, Jan. 2001. See Roman Kuzniar, 'Nadmiar wizji, brak konkretów', Tygodnik Powszechny, no. 41, 2000.
27. See 'Presidency progress report to the Helsinki European Council on strengthening the common European policy on security and defence', annex IV.
28. Nowak-Jeziorański, 'Czy NATO jest zagrożone'.
29. Osica, 'CESDP as seen by Poland', p. 14.
30. Speech given by Bronisław Geremek at the 78th session of the Parliament on 9 May 2000: www.msz.gov.pl.
31. See Trzaskowski, 'Poland', p. 20.
32. See also 'Propozycje praktycznego rozwiniȩcia postanowień z Feira w zakresie wspołpracy pomiȩdzy UE i non-EU European Allies', www.msz.gov.pl, 2002.
33. Confidential interviews, Warsaw, Jan. 2001. See also 'Poland feels torn between 2 alliances', International Herald Tribune, 6 June 2000.
34. 'Propozycje praktycznego rozwiniȩcia postanowień z Feira w zakresie wspołpracy pomiȩdzy UE i non-EU European Allies', www.msz.gov.pl.
35. See Kerry Longhurst, 'From security consumer to security provider', in Zaborowski and Dunn, Poland, pp. 50-62.
36. Authors' interviews in Warsaw, June 2001. See also 'Poland feels torn between 2 alliances'.
37. See e.g. Nowak-Jeziorański,'Czy NATO jest zagrożone'; Zbigniew Brzeziński, 'Jak życ z nowa̧ Europa̧', Gazeta Wyborcza, 24-25 June 2000.
38. See e.g. Nowak-Jeziorański,'Czy NATO jest zagrożone'; Zbigniew Brzeziński, 'Jak życ z nowa̧ Europa̧', Gazeta Wyborcza, 24-25 June 2000.
39. See speech given by foreign minister Władysław Bartoszewski, 'Europejska polityka bezpieczeństwa. Polski punkt widzenia', Warsaw University, 11 May 2001: www.msz.gov.pl.
40. David Dunn, 'Poland: America's new model ally', Zaborowski and Dunn, eds, Poland, pp. 63-86.
41. See Kataryna Wulczuk and Roman Wolczuk, Poland and Ukraine: a strategic partnership in a changing Europe? (London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 2002).
42. See e.g. a speech by President Kwaśniewski given during George W. Bush's visit to Warsaw, published as 'Wysta̧pienie prezydenta Aleksandra Kwaśniewskiego', Rzeczpospolita, 16 June 2001.
43. 'Poland: eastern relations', Oxford Analytica-East Europe Daily Brief, 8 Aug. 2000.
44. 'Dyplomaci rosyjscy szpiegami', Rzeczpospolita, 21 Jan. 2000.
45. 'Miller u Busha', Trybuna, 12 Jan. 2002.
46. See 'Gesty rosyjskiego prezydenta', Rzeczpospolita, 17 jan. 2001; 'Dobra atmosfera, mało konkretów', Rzeczpospolita, 18 Jan. 2001.
47. See 'Gesty rosyjskiego prezydenta', Rzeczpospolita, 17 jan. 2001; 'Dobra atmosfera, mało konkretów', Rzeczpospolita, 18 Jan. 2001.
48. Roman Wolczuk, 'Polish-Ukrainian relations: a strategic partnership conditioned by externalities', in Zaborowski and Dunn, eds, Poland:, pp. 143-50.
49. Visas will, however, be free and provide for multiple entry.
50. One demonstration of the improvement in Ukrainian-Polish relations is the recent deployment of some 2,000 Ukrainian troops to the Polish-controlled sector in Iraq.
51. Authors' confidential interviews at NATO HQ, Brussels, July 2001.
52. Law on military modernization passed by the parliament on 25 May 2001: 'Ustawa o przebudowie i modernizacji technicznej oraz finansowaniu Sił Zbrojnych Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej w latach 2001-2006 (Dz.U. z dnia 25 lipca 2001 r.)'.
53. See Andrew Michta, 'Modernizing the Polish military', in Zaborowski and Dunn, eds, Poland, pp. 40-9 at p. 43.
54. 'Polish lower house passes budget savings plan for 2002', BBC Monitoring Service, UK, 23 Dec. 2001.
55. See Michta, 'Modernizing the Polish military', p. 47.
56. See ibid.
57. See ibid., p. 44.
58. 'Szmajdziński's new army model', Polish News Bulletin, 19 Nov. 2001, www.ft.com.
59. Robert Kagan's book, Paradise and power: America and Europe in the new world order (London: Atlantic Books, 2003), presents a more nuanced reading of American/European differences and perspectives on the use of force than his earlier work and recognizes some of the innate differences between east and west European states in this respect.
60. 'Who speaks for Europe?', The Economist, 8-14 Feb. 2003.
61. 'European leaders divide between hawks and doves', New York Times. 31 Jan, 2003.