The Dynamics of Protest in Britain, 2000-2002

Parliamentary Affairs

Volumn 56, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 687-699+i

  Sanders, David ^b   Clarke, Harold ^a   Stewart, Marianne ^a   Whiteley, Paul ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT DALLAS   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 10744225589     PISSN: 00312290     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/pa/gsg110     Document Type: Review

References (22)

1. Given that there is often a gap between intention and behaviour at the individual level, reports of people's 'preparedness to protest' are not necessarily the same as their actual participation in protest. There is many an individual-level slip between intending to protest about something and actually going out on the street and joining a demonstration. However, by measuring average or aggregate variations in people's preparedness to protest over time, we are able to control for the possible individual-level gap between intention and action. As a result, the over-time variations in aggregate protest potential that we present here are likely to mirror variations in the (lower) level of actual protest activity. See A. Marsh, Protest and Political Consciousness, Sage, 1977; also G. Parry, G. Moyser and N. Day, Political Participation and Democracy in Britain, Cambridge University Press, 1992.
2. Given that there is often a gap between intention and behaviour at the individual level, reports of people's 'preparedness to protest' are not necessarily the same as their actual participation in protest. There is many an individual-level slip between intending to protest about something and actually going out on the street and joining a demonstration. However, by measuring average or aggregate variations in people's preparedness to protest over time, we are able to control for the possible individual-level gap between intention and action. As a result, the over-time variations in aggregate protest potential that we present here are likely to mirror variations in the (lower) level of actual protest activity. See A. Marsh, Protest and Political Consciousness, Sage, 1977; also G. Parry, G. Moyser and N. Day, Political Participation and Democracy in Britain, Cambridge University Press, 1992.
3. The precise question wordings and response options varied in the different surveys.
4. Thinking about the next few years, on scale from 0 to 10, how likely is it that out will . . . participate in a protest, like a rally or a demonstration, to show your concern about a public issue or problem?
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13. G.S. Becker, Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, National Bureau of Economic Research, 1975; J.S. Coleman, 'Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital', American journal of Sociology, 94, 1988; R.W. Jackman and R.A. Miller, 'Social Capital and Polities' in N.W. Polsby (ed.), American Review of Political Science, vol. 1, Annual Reviews, 1998; R. Putnam, Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy, Princeton University Press, 1993; also R.D. Putnam, Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community, Simon & Schuster, 2000.
14. G.S. Becker, Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, National Bureau of Economic Research, 1975; J.S. Coleman, 'Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital', American journal of Sociology, 94, 1988; R.W. Jackman and R.A. Miller, 'Social Capital and Polities' in N.W. Polsby (ed.), American Review of Political Science, vol. 1, Annual Reviews, 1998; R. Putnam, Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy, Princeton University Press, 1993; also R.D. Putnam, Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community, Simon & Schuster, 2000.
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17. D. Sanders, 'Government Popularity and the Next General Election', Political Quarterly, 62, 1991; D. Sanders, 'Economic Performance, Management Competence and the Outcome of the Next General Election', Political Studies, 44, 1996; also D. Sanders, 'Conservative Incompetence, Labour Responsibility and the Feel Good Factor: Why the Economy Failed to Save the Conservatives in 1997', Electoral Studies 18, 1999.
18. D. Sanders, 'Government Popularity and the Next General Election', Political Quarterly, 62, 1991; D. Sanders, 'Economic Performance, Management Competence and the Outcome of the Next General Election', Political Studies, 44, 1996; also D. Sanders, 'Conservative Incompetence, Labour Responsibility and the Feel Good Factor: Why the Economy Failed to Save the Conservatives in 1997', Electoral Studies 18, 1999.
19. D.F. Hendry, Dynamic Econometrics, Oxford University Press, 1995. Barnes, S. and M. Kaase, Political Action: Mass Participation in Five Western Democracies, Sage, 1979. Conover, P.J. and S. Feldman. 'Emotional Reactions to the Economy: I'm Mad As Hell And I'm Not Going to Take It Anymore', American Journal of Political Science, 30, 1986. Hochschild, J.L. What's Fair? American Beliefs about Distributive Justice, Harvard University Press, 1981.
20. D.F. Hendry, Dynamic Econometrics, Oxford University Press, 1995. Barnes, S. and M. Kaase, Political Action: Mass Participation in Five Western Democracies, Sage, 1979. Conover, P.J. and S. Feldman. 'Emotional Reactions to the Economy: I'm Mad As Hell And I'm Not Going to Take It Anymore', American Journal of Political Science, 30, 1986. Hochschild, J.L. What's Fair? American Beliefs about Distributive Justice, Harvard University Press, 1981.
21. D.F. Hendry, Dynamic Econometrics, Oxford University Press, 1995. Barnes, S. and M. Kaase, Political Action: Mass Participation in Five Western Democracies, Sage, 1979. Conover, P.J. and S. Feldman. 'Emotional Reactions to the Economy: I'm Mad As Hell And I'm Not Going to Take It Anymore', American Journal of Political Science, 30, 1986. Hochschild, J.L. What's Fair? American Beliefs about Distributive Justice, Harvard University Press, 1981.
22. D.F. Hendry, Dynamic Econometrics, Oxford University Press, 1995. Barnes, S. and M. Kaase, Political Action: Mass Participation in Five Western Democracies, Sage, 1979. Conover, P.J. and S. Feldman. 'Emotional Reactions to the Economy: I'm Mad As Hell And I'm Not Going to Take It Anymore', American Journal of Political Science, 30, 1986. Hochschild, J.L. What's Fair? American Beliefs about Distributive Justice, Harvard University Press, 1981.