메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 26, Issue 11, 2003, Pages 2157-2169

Atypical Flutter: A Review

Author keywords

Atrial mapping; Atrial tachycardia; Atypical flutter; Catheter ablation; Macroreentrant tachycardia

Indexed keywords

CATHETER ABLATION; COMPUTER ASSISTED DIAGNOSIS; CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE; ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; ELECTROGRAPHY; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HEART ATRIUM; HEART ATRIUM FLUTTER; HEART INJURY; HEART MUSCLE FIBROSIS; POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD; REVIEW; SINUS RHYTHM; TACHYCARDIA;

EID: 10744223122     PISSN: 01478389     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1460-9592.2003.00336.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (40)

References (49)
  • 1
    • 0034883642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A classification of atrial flutter and regular atrial tachycardia according o electrophysiological mechanisms and anatomical bases; a statement from a joint expert group from the WGa of the ESC and the NASPE
    • Saoudi N, Cosío F, Waldo A, et al. A classification of atrial flutter and regular atrial tachycardia according o electrophysiological mechanisms and anatomical bases; a statement from a joint expert group from the WGA of the ESC and the NASPE. Eur Heart J 2001; 22:1162-1182.
    • (2001) Eur Heart J , vol.22 , pp. 1162-1182
    • Saoudi, N.1    Cosío, F.2    Waldo, A.3
  • 2
    • 0031017195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic characterization of atypical atrial flutter in man: Use of activation and entrainment mapping and implications for catheter ablation
    • Kalman JM, Olgin JE, Saxon LA, et al. Electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic characterization of atypical atrial flutter in man: Use of activation and entrainment mapping and implications for catheter ablation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1996; 8:121-144.
    • (1996) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.8 , pp. 121-144
    • Kalman, J.M.1    Olgin, J.E.2    Saxon, L.A.3
  • 3
    • 0032838305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ESCWGA/NASPE/P Experts Consensus Statement: Living anatomy of the atrioventricular junctions. A guide to electrophysiologic mapping
    • Cosio FG, Anderson RH, Kuck K-H, et al. ESCWGA/NASPE/P Experts Consensus Statement: Living anatomy of the atrioventricular junctions. A guide to electrophysiologic mapping. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 1999; 10:1162-1170.
    • (1999) Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology , vol.10 , pp. 1162-1170
    • Cosio, F.G.1    Anderson, R.H.2    Kuck, K.-H.3
  • 5
    • 0037028865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity and specificity of concealed entrainment for the identification of a critical isthmus in the atrium: Relationship to rate, anatomic location and antidromic penetration
    • Morton JB, Sanders P, Deen V, et al. Sensitivity and specificity of concealed entrainment for the identification of a critical isthmus in the atrium: Relationship to rate, anatomic location and antidromic penetration. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 39:896-906.
    • (2002) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.39 , pp. 896-906
    • Morton, J.B.1    Sanders, P.2    Deen, V.3
  • 6
    • 0029863396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atrial flutter mapping and ablation. I. Atrial flutter mapping
    • Cosío FG, Arribas F, López-Gil M, et al. Atrial flutter mapping and ablation. I. Atrial flutter mapping. PACE 1996; 19:841-853.
    • (1996) PACE , vol.19 , pp. 841-853
    • Cosío, F.G.1    Arribas, F.2    López-Gil, M.3
  • 7
    • 0036007868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological and clinical characterization of left atrial macroreentrant tachycardia
    • Cantale CP, García-Cosío F, Montero MA, et al. Electrophysiological and clinical characterization of left atrial macroreentrant tachycardia. Rev Esp Cardiol 2002; 55:45-54.
    • (2002) Rev Esp Cardiol , vol.55 , pp. 45-54
    • Cantale, C.P.1    García-Cosío, F.2    Montero, M.A.3
  • 8
    • 0037284551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of entrainment response using electrograms from remote sites: Validation in animal and computer models of reentrant tachycardia
    • Hammer PE, Brooks DH, Triedman JK. Estimation of entrainment response using electrograms from remote sites: Validation in animal and computer models of reentrant tachycardia. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2003; 14:52-61.
    • (2003) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.14 , pp. 52-61
    • Hammer, P.E.1    Brooks, D.H.2    Triedman, J.K.3
  • 9
    • 0030719999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional mapping of the common atrial flutter circuit in the right atrium
    • Shah D, Jaïs P, Haïssaguerre M, et al. Three-dimensional mapping of the common atrial flutter circuit in the right atrium. Circulation 1997; 96:3904-3912.
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.96 , pp. 3904-3912
    • Shah, D.1    Jaïs, P.2    Haïssaguerre, M.3
  • 10
    • 0033528725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Right atrial flutter due to lower loop reentry: Mechanism and anatomic substrates
    • Cheng J, Cabeen WR, Scheinman MM. Right atrial flutter due to lower loop reentry: Mechanism and anatomic substrates. Circulation 1999; 99:1700-1705.
    • (1999) Circulation , vol.99 , pp. 1700-1705
    • Cheng, J.1    Cabeen, W.R.2    Scheinman, M.M.3
  • 12
    • 0032574678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acceleration of typical atrial flutter due to double-wave reentry induced by programmed electrical stimulation
    • Cheng J, Scheinman MM. Acceleration of typical atrial flutter due to double-wave reentry induced by programmed electrical stimulation. Circulation 1998; 97:1589-1596.
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.97 , pp. 1589-1596
    • Cheng, J.1    Scheinman, M.M.2
  • 13
    • 0033675584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear ablation targeting an isthmus of critically slow conduction detected by high-density electroanatomical mapping for atypical atrial flutter
    • Iesaka Y, Takahashi A, Goya M, et al. Nonlinear ablation targeting an isthmus of critically slow conduction detected by high-density electroanatomical mapping for atypical atrial flutter. PACE 2000; 23:1911-1915.
    • (2000) PACE , vol.23 , pp. 1911-1915
    • Iesaka, Y.1    Takahashi, A.2    Goya, M.3
  • 14
    • 0034711703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atypical atrial flutter originating in the right atrial free wall
    • Kall JG, Rubenstein DS, Kopp DE, et al. Atypical atrial flutter originating in the right atrial free wall. Circulation 2000; 101:270-279.
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.101 , pp. 270-279
    • Kall, J.G.1    Rubenstein, D.S.2    Kopp, D.E.3
  • 15
    • 0035954306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atypical right atrial flutter patterns
    • CL
    • Yang Y, Cheng J, Bochoeyer A, et al. Atypical right atrial flutter patterns. Circulation 2001; 103:3092-3098.CL
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.103 , pp. 3092-3098
    • Yang, Y.1    Cheng, J.2    Bochoeyer, A.3
  • 16
    • 0037151625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noncontact three-dimensional mapping and ablation of upper loop re-entry originating in the right atrium
    • Tai C-T, Huang J-L, Lin Y-K, et al. Noncontact three-dimensional mapping and ablation of upper loop re-entry originating in the right atrium. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 40:746-753.
    • (2002) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.40 , pp. 746-753
    • Tai, C.-T.1    Huang, J.-L.2    Lin, Y.-K.3
  • 17
    • 0030023844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ablation of 'incisional' reentrant atrial tachycardia complicating surgery for congenital heart disease: Use of entrainment to define a critical isthmus of conduction
    • Kalman JM, VanHare GF, Olgin JE, et al. Ablation of 'incisional' reentrant atrial tachycardia complicating surgery for congenital heart disease: Use of entrainment to define a critical isthmus of conduction. Circulation 1996; 93:502-512.
    • (1996) Circulation , vol.93 , pp. 502-512
    • Kalman, J.M.1    VanHare, G.F.2    Olgin, J.E.3
  • 18
    • 0028819501 scopus 로고
    • Radiofrequency ablation of intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia after surgical palliation of congenital heart disease
    • Triedman JK, Saul P, Weindling SN, et al. Radiofrequency ablation of intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia after surgical palliation of congenital heart disease. Circulation 1995; 91:707-714.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.91 , pp. 707-714
    • Triedman, J.K.1    Saul, P.2    Weindling, S.N.3
  • 19
    • 0037134904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lesional tachycardias related to mitral valve surgery
    • Markowitz SM, Bordman RF, Stein KM, et al. Lesional tachycardias related to mitral valve surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 39:1973-1983.
    • (2002) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.39 , pp. 1973-1983
    • Markowitz, S.M.1    Bordman, R.F.2    Stein, K.M.3
  • 20
    • 0347223188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Right and left atrial radiofrequency catheter therapy of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
    • Haïssaguerre M, Jaïs P, Shah DC, et al. Right and left atrial radiofrequency catheter therapy of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1996; 7:1132-1144.
    • (1996) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.7 , pp. 1132-1144
    • Haïssaguerre, M.1    Jaïs, P.2    Shah, D.C.3
  • 21
    • 0032474424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atrial mapping and radiofrequency catheter ablation in patients with idiopathic atrial fibrillation: Electrophysiological findings and ablation results
    • Gaita F, Riccardi R, Calò L, et al. Atrial mapping and radiofrequency catheter ablation in patients with idiopathic atrial fibrillation: Electrophysiological findings and ablation results. Circulation 1998; 97:2136-2145.
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.97 , pp. 2136-2145
    • Gaita, F.1    Riccardi, R.2    Calò, L.3
  • 22
    • 0342948882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual-Loop intra-atrial reentry in humans
    • CL
    • Shah D, Jaïs P, Takahashi A, et al. Dual-Loop intra-atrial reentry in humans. Circulation 2000; 101:631-639.CL
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.101 , pp. 631-639
    • Shah, D.1    Jaïs, P.2    Takahashi, A.3
  • 23
    • 0034641663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of atrial flutter isthmus in postoperative intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia
    • Chan DP, Van Hare GF, Mackall JA, et al. Importance of atrial flutter isthmus in postoperative intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia. Circulation 2000; 102:1283-1289.
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.102 , pp. 1283-1289
    • Chan, D.P.1    Van Hare, G.F.2    Mackall, J.A.3
  • 24
    • 0034744436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple atrial macro-re-entry circuits in adults with repaired congenital heart disease: Entrainment mapping combined with three-dimensional electroanatomic mapping
    • Delacretaz E, Ganz LI, Soekuma K, et al. Multiple atrial macro-re-entry circuits in adults with repaired congenital heart disease: Entrainment mapping combined with three-dimensional electroanatomic mapping. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 37:1665-1676.
    • (2001) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.37 , pp. 1665-1676
    • Delacretaz, E.1    Ganz, L.I.2    Soekuma, K.3
  • 25
    • 0035916267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of functional block extension in lesion-related atrial flutter
    • Tomita Y, Matsuo K, Sahadevan J, et al. Role of functional block extension in lesion-related atrial flutter. Circulation 2001; 103:1025-1030.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.103 , pp. 1025-1030
    • Tomita, Y.1    Matsuo, K.2    Sahadevan, J.3
  • 26
    • 0028280525 scopus 로고
    • Radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial arrhythmias: Results and mechanisms
    • Lesh MD, Van Hare GF, Epstein LM, et al. Radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial arrhythmias: Results and mechanisms. Circulation 1994; 89:1074-1089.
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.89 , pp. 1074-1089
    • Lesh, M.D.1    Van Hare, G.F.2    Epstein, L.M.3
  • 27
    • 0034231817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to map and ablate atrial scar macroreentrant tachycardia of the right atrium
    • Cosio FG, Pastor A, Núñez A, et al. How to map and ablate atrial scar macroreentrant tachycardia of the right atrium. Europace 2000; 2:193-200.
    • (2000) Europace , vol.2 , pp. 193-200
    • Cosio, F.G.1    Pastor, A.2    Núñez, A.3
  • 28
    • 0035942153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electroanatomic mapping of entrained and exit zones in patients with repaired congenital heart disease and intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia
    • Triedman JK, Alexander ME, Berul CI, et al. Electroanatomic mapping of entrained and exit zones in patients with repaired congenital heart disease and intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia. Circulation 2001; 103:2060-2065.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.103 , pp. 2060-2065
    • Triedman, J.K.1    Alexander, M.E.2    Berul, C.I.3
  • 29
    • 0029936314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping and radiofrequency ablation of intraatrial reentrant tachycardia after the Senning or Mustard procedure for transposition of the great arteries
    • Van Hare GF, Lesh MD, Ross BA, et al. Mapping and radiofrequency ablation of intraatrial reentrant tachycardia after the Senning or Mustard procedure for transposition of the great arteries. Am J Cardiol 1996; 77:985-991.
    • (1996) Am J Cardiol , vol.77 , pp. 985-991
    • Van Hare, G.F.1    Lesh, M.D.2    Ross, B.A.3
  • 30
    • 0032530522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of early- and late-onset supraventricular tachyarrhythmias after Fontan operation
    • Durongpisitkul K, Porter CJ, Cetta F, et al. Predictors of early-and late-onset supraventricular tachyarrhythmias after Fontan operation. Circulation 1998; 98:1099-1107.
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.98 , pp. 1099-1107
    • Durongpisitkul, K.1    Porter, C.J.2    Cetta, F.3
  • 31
    • 0035814782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of reentrant circuit in macroreentrant right atrial tachycardia after surgical repair o congenital heart disease: Isolated channels between scars allow "focal" ablation
    • Nakagawa H, Shaha N, Matsudaira K, et al. Characterization of reentrant circuit in macroreentrant right atrial tachycardia after surgical repair o congenital heart disease: Isolated channels between scars allow "focal" ablation. Circulation 2001; 103:699-709.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.103 , pp. 699-709
    • Nakagawa, H.1    Shaha, N.2    Matsudaira, K.3
  • 32
    • 0035451039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping and ablation of atrial arrhythmias after surgical correction of congenital heart disease guided by a 64-electrode basket catheter
    • Zrenner B, Ndrepepa G, Schneider MAE, et al. Mapping and ablation of atrial arrhythmias after surgical correction of congenital heart disease guided by a 64-electrode basket catheter. Am J Cardiol 2001; 88:573-577.
    • (2001) Am J Cardiol , vol.88 , pp. 573-577
    • Zrenner, B.1    Ndrepepa, G.2    Schneider, M.A.E.3
  • 33
    • 0035826701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atrial reentrant tachycardia after surgery for congenital heart disease: Endocardial mapping and radiofrequency catheter ablation using a novel, noncontact mapping system
    • Paul T, Windhagen-Mahnert B, Kriebel T, et al. Atrial reentrant tachycardia after surgery for congenital heart disease: Endocardial mapping and radiofrequency catheter ablation using a novel, noncontact mapping system. Circulation 2001; 103:2266-2271.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.103 , pp. 2266-2271
    • Paul, T.1    Windhagen-Mahnert, B.2    Kriebel, T.3
  • 34
    • 0034713896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological mapping and ablation of intra-atrial reentry tachycardia after Fontan surgery with the use of a noncontact mapping system
    • Betts TR, Roberts PR, Allen SA, et al. Electrophysiological mapping and ablation of intra-atrial reentry tachycardia after Fontan surgery with the use of a noncontact mapping system. Circulation 2000; 102:419-425.
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.102 , pp. 419-425
    • Betts, T.R.1    Roberts, P.R.2    Allen, S.A.3
  • 35
    • 0030773236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of low right atrial isthmus as the slow conduction zone and pharmacological target in typical atrial flutter
    • Tai C-T, Chen S-A, Chiang C-E, et al. Characterization of low right atrial isthmus as the slow conduction zone and pharmacological target in typical atrial flutter. Circulation 1997; 96:2601-2611.
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.96 , pp. 2601-2611
    • Tai, C.-T.1    Chen, S.-A.2    Chiang, C.-E.3
  • 36
    • 0030856931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conduction properties of the inferior vena cava-tricuspid annular isthmus in patients with typical atrial flutter
    • Kinder C, Kall J, Kopp D, et al. Conduction properties of the inferior vena cava-tricuspid annular isthmus in patients with typical atrial flutter. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1997; 8:727-737.
    • (1997) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.8 , pp. 727-737
    • Kinder, C.1    Kall, J.2    Kopp, D.3
  • 37
    • 0030894544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraatrial reentrant tachycardia after palliation of congenital heart disease: Characterization of multiple macroreentrant circuits using fluoroscopically-based 3-D endocardial mapping
    • Triedman JK, Jenkins KJ, Colan SD, et al. Intraatrial reentrant tachycardia after palliation of congenital heart disease: Characterization of multiple macroreentrant circuits using fluoroscopically-based 3-D endocardial mapping. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1997; 8:259-270.
    • (1997) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.8 , pp. 259-270
    • Triedman, J.K.1    Jenkins, K.J.2    Colan, S.D.3
  • 38
    • 0030221040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catheter ablation of clinical intraatrial reentrant tachycardias resulting from previous atrial surgery: Localizing and transecting the critical isthmus
    • Baker BM, Lindsay BD, Bromberg BI, et al. Catheter ablation of clinical intraatrial reentrant tachycardias resulting from previous atrial surgery: Localizing and transecting the critical isthmus. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996; 28:411-417.
    • (1996) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.28 , pp. 411-417
    • Baker, B.M.1    Lindsay, B.D.2    Bromberg, B.I.3
  • 39
    • 0037024305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of patient factors and ablative technologies on outcomes of radiofrequency ablation of intraatrial re-entrant tachycardia in patients with congenital heart disease
    • Triedman JK, Alexander ME, Love BA, et al. Influence of patient factors and ablative technologies on outcomes of radiofrequency ablation of intraatrial re-entrant tachycardia in patients with congenital heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 39:1827-1835.
    • (2002) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.39 , pp. 1827-1835
    • Triedman, J.K.1    Alexander, M.E.2    Love, B.A.3
  • 40
    • 0037199433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of anatomic isthmus block with the modified right atrial maze procedure for late atrial tachycardia in Fontan patients
    • Deal BJ, Mavroudis C, Backer CL, et al. Comparison of anatomic isthmus block with the modified right atrial maze procedure for late atrial tachycardia in Fontan patients. Circulation 2002; 106:575-579.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.106 , pp. 575-579
    • Deal, B.J.1    Mavroudis, C.2    Backer, C.L.3
  • 41
    • 0035131529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcomes of late atrial tachyarrhythmias in adults after the fontan operation
    • Ghai A, Harris L, Harrison DA, et al. Outcomes of late atrial tachyarrhythmias in adults after the fontan operation. J Am Coll Card 2001; 37:585-592.
    • (2001) J Am Coll Card , vol.37 , pp. 585-592
    • Ghai, A.1    Harris, L.2    Harrison, D.A.3
  • 42
    • 0342298442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping and ablation of left atrial flutters
    • Jaïs P, Shah DC, Haïssaguerre M, et al. Mapping and ablation of left atrial flutters. Circulation 2000; 101:2928-2934.
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.101 , pp. 2928-2934
    • Jaïs, P.1    Shah, D.C.2    Haïssaguerre, M.3
  • 43
    • 0037161358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of reentrant circuits in left atrial macroreentrant tachycardia: Critical isthmus block can prevent atrial tachycardia recurrence
    • Ouyang F, Ernst S, Vogtmann T, et al. Characterization of reentrant circuits in left atrial macroreentrant tachycardia: Critical isthmus block can prevent atrial tachycardia recurrence. Circulation 2002; 105:1934-1942.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.105 , pp. 1934-1942
    • Ouyang, F.1    Ernst, S.2    Vogtmann, T.3
  • 44
    • 0037134904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lesional tachycardias related to mitral valve surgery
    • Markowitz SM, Bordman RF, Stein KM, et al. Lesional tachycardias related to mitral valve surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 39:1973-1983.
    • (2002) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.39 , pp. 1973-1983
    • Markowitz, S.M.1    Bordman, R.F.2    Stein, K.M.3
  • 45
    • 0034988627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociation between coronary sinus and left atrial conduction in patients with atrial fibrillation and flutter
    • Ndrepepa G, Zrenner B, Schneider MAE, et al. Dissociation between coronary sinus and left atrial conduction in patients with atrial fibrillation and flutter. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2001; 12:623-628.
    • (2001) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.12 , pp. 623-628
    • Ndrepepa, G.1    Zrenner, B.2    Schneider, M.A.E.3
  • 46
    • 0031724444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atrial macroreentry involving the myocardium of the coronary sinus: A unique mechanism for atypical flutter
    • Olgin JE, Jayachandran JV, Engesstein E, et al. Atrial macroreentry involving the myocardium of the coronary sinus: A unique mechanism for atypical flutter. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1998; 9:1094-1099.
    • (1998) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.9 , pp. 1094-1099
    • Olgin, J.E.1    Jayachandran, J.V.2    Engesstein, E.3
  • 47
    • 0036665197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atypical atrial flutter: Clinical features, electrophysiological characteristics and response to radio frequency catheter ablation
    • Della Bella P, Fraticelli A, Tondo C, et al. Atypical atrial flutter: Clinical features, electrophysiological characteristics and response to radio frequency catheter ablation. Europace 2002; 4:241-254.
    • (2002) Europace , vol.4 , pp. 241-254
    • Della Bella, P.1    Fraticelli, A.2    Tondo, C.3
  • 48
    • 0018648953 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of atrial flutter. Studies in man after open heart surgery using fixed atrial electrodes
    • Wells JL, McLean WAH, James TN, et al. Characterization of atrial flutter. Studies in man after open heart surgery using fixed atrial electrodes. Circulation 1979; 60:665-673.
    • (1979) Circulation , vol.60 , pp. 665-673
    • Wells, J.L.1    McLean, W.A.H.2    James, T.N.3
  • 49
    • 0021263190 scopus 로고
    • Intra-atrial reentry as a mechanism for atrial flutter induced by acetylcholine and rapid pacing in the dog
    • Allessie MA, Lammers WJEP, Bonke FIM, et al. Intra-atrial reentry as a mechanism for atrial flutter induced by acetylcholine and rapid pacing in the dog. Circulation 1934; 70:123-135.
    • (1934) Circulation , vol.70 , pp. 123-135
    • Allessie, M.A.1    Lammers, W.J.E.P.2    Bonke, F.I.M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.