Mantle deformation during slow seafloor spreading constrained by observations of seismic anisotropy in the western Atlantic

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

Volumn 228, Issue 3-4, 2004, Pages 255-265

  Gaherty, James B ^a   Lizarralde, Daniel ^b   Collins, John A ^c   Hirth, Greg ^c   Kim, Sangmyung ^b  

^a Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences   (United States)

^b GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^c WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION   (United States)

Author keywords

Mantle flow; Refraction; Seismic anisotropy; Upper mantle

Indexed keywords

LITHOSPHERE; VISCOUS SHEAR DEFORMATION;

ANISOTROPY; DEFORMATION; EARTH ATMOSPHERE; ESTIMATION; VISCOUS FLOW;

OCEANOGRAPHY;

DEFORMATION; MANTLE STRUCTURE; MID-OCEAN RIDGE; SEAFLOOR SPREADING; SEISMIC ANISOTROPY;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; ATLANTIC OCEAN (WEST); OCEANIC REGIONS; WORLD;

EID: 10644256651     PISSN: 0012821X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2004.10.026     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. A. Nicolas N.I. Christensen Formation of anisotropy in upper mantle peridotites: A review In K. Fuchs C. Froidevaux (Eds.) Composition, Structure, and Dynamics of Lithosphere-Asthenosphere System Geodyn. Ser. vol. 16 1987 AGU Washington, DC 111-123
2. S. Zhang S.-I. Karato Lattice preferred orientation of olivine in simple shear deformation and the flow geometry of the upper mantle of the Earth Nature 389 1995 774-777
3. M. Bystricky K. Kunze L. Burlini J.-P. Burg High shear strain of olivine aggregates: Rheological and seismic consequences Science 290 2000 1564-1567
4. H. Jung S.-I. Karato Water-induced fabric transitions in olivine Science 293 2001 1460-1463
5. B.K. Holtzmann D.L. Kohlstedt M.E. Zimmerman F. Heidelbach T. Hiraga J. Hustoft Melt migration and strain partitioning: Implications for seismic anisotropy and mantle flow Science 301 2003 1227-1230
6. M.K. Savage Seismic anisotropy and mantle deformation: What have we learned from shear-wave splitting Rev. Geophys. 37 1999 65-106
7. H. Hess Seismic anisotropy of the uppermost mantle under oceans Nature 203 1964 629
8. N.M. Ribe Seismic anisotropy and mantle flow J. Geophys. Res. 94 1989 4213-4223
9. D.K. Blackman J.M. Kendall P.R. Dawson H.R. Wenk D. Boyce J. Phipps Morgan Teleseismic imaging of subaxial flow at mid-ocean ridges: travel-time effects of anisotropic mineral texture in the mantle Geophys. J. Int. 127 1996 415-426
10. D.K. Blackman J.M. Kendall Seismic anisotropy in the upper mantle: 2. Predictions for current plate boundary flow models Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 3 9 2002 DOI:10.1029/2001GC000247
11. D. Lizarralde J.B. Gaherty G. Hirth J.A. Collins S. Kim Spreading-rate dependence of melt extraction at mid-ocean ridges from mantle refraction data Nature 2004 (in revision)
12. R.D. Müller W.R. Walter J.-Y. Royer L.M. Gahagan J.G. Sclater Digital isochrons of the world's ocean floor J. Geophys. Res. 102 1997 3211-3214
13. G.B. Morris R.W. Raitt G.G. Shor Velocity anisotropy and delay-time maps of the mantle near Hawaii J. Geophys. Res. 74 1969 4300-4316
14. P.M. Shearer J.A. Orcutt Compressional and shear wave anisotropy in the oceanic lithosphere-the Ngendei seismic refraction experiment Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 87 1986 967-1003
15. G.E. Backus Possible forms of seismic anisotropy of the uppermost mantle under oceans J. Geophys. Res. 70 1965 3429-3439
16. R.W. Raitt G.G. Shor T.J. Francis G.B. Morris Anisotropy of the Pacific upper mantle J. Geophys. Res. 74 1969 3095-3109
17. C.E. Keen C. Tramontini A seismic refraction survey on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 20 1969 473-491
18. J.J. Lévêque E. Debayle V. Maupin Anisotropy of the Indian ocean upper mantle from Rayleigh- and Love-waveform inversion Geophys. J. Int. 133 1998 529
19. G. Silveira E. Stutzmann Anisotropic tomography of the Atlantic Ocean Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 4131 2002 1-12
20. J.B. Gaherty Seismic evidence for hotspot-driven buoyant upwelling beneath the Reykjanes Ridge Science 293 2001 1645-1647
21. P.M. Shearer J.A. Orcutt Anisotropy in the oceanic lithosphere-theory and observations from the Ngendei seismic refraction experiment in the south-west Pacific Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 80 1985 493-526
22. R.A. Dunn D.R. Toomey Seismological evidence for three-dimensional melt migration beneath the East Pacific Rise Nature 388 1997 259-262
23. R.A. Dunn D.R. Toomey S.C. Solomon Three-dimensional seismic structure and physical properties of the crust and shallow mantle beneath the East Pacific Rise at 9° 30′N J. Geophys. Res. 105 2000 23537-23555
24. C.E. Keen D.L. Barrett A measurement of seismic anisotropy in the northeast Pacific Can. J. Earth Sci. 8 1971 1056-1064
25. D.R. Bohnenstiehl M.C. Kleinrock Evidence for spreading-rate dependence in the displacement-length ratios of abyssal hill faults at mid-ocean ridges Geology 28 2000 395-398
26. C.J. Wolfe G.M. Purdy D.R. Toomey S.C. Solomon Microearthquake characteristics and crustal velocity structure at 29°N of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: The architecture of a slow-spreading segment J. Geophys. Res. 100 1995 24449-24472
27. P.A. Cowie C.H. Scholz A. Malinverno M.H. Edwards Fault strain and seismic coupling on the East Pacific Rise J. Geophys. Res. 98 1993 17911-17920
28. G.E. Jaroslow G. Hirth H.J.B. Dick Abyssal peridotite mylonites: implications for grain-size sensitive flow and strain localization in the oceanic lithosphere Tectonophysics 256 1996 17-37
29. N.H. Sleep Formation of oceanic crust: Some thermal constraints J. Geophys. Res. 80 1975 4037-4042
30. M. Cannat J.A. Karson D.J. Miller Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports vol. 153 1995 Ocean Drilling Program College Station, TX
31. P.B. Kelemen E. Kikawa D.J Miller shipboard scientific party Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports vol. 209 2004 Ocean Drilling Program College Station,TX (in press)
32. W. Ben Ismail D. Mainprice An olivine fabric database: An overview of upper mantle fabrics and seismic anisotropy Tectonophysics 296 1998 145-157
33. N.I. Christensen The magnitude, symmetry, and origin of upper mantle anisotropy based on fabric analyses of ultramafic tectonites Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 76 1984 89-111
34. E.M. Parmentier J. Phipps Morgan Spreading rate dependence of three-dimensional structure in oceanic spreading centers Nature 348 1990 325-328
35. S.-I. Karato P. Wu Rheology of the upper mantle: A synthesis Science 260 1993 771-778
36. G. Hirth D. Kohlstedt Rheology of the upper mantle and the mantle wedge: a view from the experimentalists J. Eiler (Ed.) Inside the Subduction Factory Geophys. Mono. Ser. vol. 138 2003 AGU Washington, DC 83-105
37. M. Cannat Y. Lagabrielle H. Bougault J. Casey N. de Coutures L. Dmitriev Y. Fouquet Ultramfic and gabbroic exposures at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: geological mapping in the 15N region Tectonophysics 279 1997 193-213
38. S. Crampin An introduction to wave propagation in anisotropic media Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 76 1984 17-28
39. D.K. Blackman R. Wenk J.M. Kendall Seismic anisotropy in the upper mantle: Factors that affect mineral texture and effective elastic properties Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 3 9 2002 DOI:10.1029/2001GC000248
40. E. Kaminski N.M. Ribe Time scales for the evolution of seismic anisotropy in mantle flow Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 3 1 2002 DOI:10.1029/2001GC000222