Serum leptin concentration, obesity, and insulin resistance in Western Samoans: Cross sectional study

British Medical Journal

Volumn 313, Issue 7063, 1996, Pages 965-969

  Zimmet, Paul ^a   Hodge, Allison ^a   Nicolson, Margery ^b   Staten, Myrlene ^b   De Courten, Maximilian ^a   Moore, Jason ^b   Morawiecki, Andrew ^b   Lubina, John ^b   Collier, Gregory ^c   Alberti, George ^d   Dowse, Gary ^a  

^a BAKER IDI HEART AND DIABETES INSTITUTE   (Australia)

^b AMGEN INC   (United States)

^c DEAKIN UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^d NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GLUCOSE; INSULIN; LEPTIN;

ADULT; AGED; ANTHROPOMETRY; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR; BLOOD LEVEL; BODY MASS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEMOGRAPHY; FEMALE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; INSULIN BLOOD LEVEL; INSULIN RESISTANCE; MALE; METABOLISM; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; OBESITY; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; POLYNESIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RURAL AREA; SEX DIFFERENCE; URBAN AREA; VARIANCE;

EID: 10544220841     PISSN: 09598146     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.313.7063.965     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Zhang Y, Proenca R, Maffei M, Barone M, Leopold L, Friedman JM. Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature 1994;372:425-32.
2. Halaas JL, Gajiwala KS, Maffei M, Cohen SL, Chait BT, Rabinowitz D, et al. Weight-reducing effects of the plasma protein encoded by the obese gene. Science 1995;269:543-6.
3. Pelleymounter MA, Cullen MJ, Baker MB, Hecht R, Winters D, Boone T, et al. Effects of the obese gene product on body weight regulation in ob/ob mice. Science 1995;269:540-3.
4. Tartaglia LA, Dembski M, Weng X, Deng N, Culpepper J, Devos R, et al. Identification and expression cloning of a leptin receptor, OB-R. Cell 1995;85:1265-71.
5. Coleman D. Effects of parabiosis of obese with diabetic and normal mice. Diabetologia 1973;9:294-8.
6. Considine RV, Considine EL, Williams CJ, Nyce MR, Magosin SA, Bauer TL, et al. Evidence against either a premature stop codon or the absence of obese gene mRNA in human obesity. J Clin Invest 1995;95:2986-8.
7. Maffei M, Stoffel M, Barone M, Moon B, Dammerman M, Ravussin E, et al. Absence of mutations in the human ob gene in obese/diabetic subjects. Diabetes 1996;45:679-82.
8. Collier GR, Walder K, Lewandowski P, Sanigorski A, Lee S, Zimmet P. Development of obesity and hyperliptinemia in Psammomys obesus [abstract]. Diabetologia (in press).
9. Frederich RC, Hamann A, Anderson S, Löllmann B, Lowell BB, Flier JS. Leptin levels reflect body lipid content in mice: evidence for diet-induced resistance to leptin action. Nature Med 1995;1:311-4.
10. Maffei M, Halaas J, Ravussin E, Pratley RE, Lee GH, Zhang Y, et al. Leptin levels in human and rodent: measurement of plasma leptin and ob RNA in obese and weight reduced subjects. Nature Med 1995;1:1155-61.
11. Considine RV, Sinha MK, Heiman ML, Kriauciunas A, Stephens TW, Nyce MR, et al. Serum immunoreactive-leptin concentrations in normal-weight and obese humans. N Engl J Med 1996;334:292-5.
12. Chua SC Jr, Chung WK, Wu-Peng XS, Zhang Y, Lui S-M, Tartaglia L, et al. Phenotypes of mouse diabetes and rat fatty due to mutations in the OB (leptin) receptor. Science 1996;271:994-6.
13. Zimmet P, Faaiuso S, Ainuu J, Whitehouse S, Milne B, DeBoer W. The prevalence of diabetes in the rural and urban Polynesian population of Western Samoa. Diabetes 1981;30:45-51.
14. Collins VR, Dowse GK, Toelupe PM, Imo TT, Aloaina FL, Spark RA, et al. Increasing prevalence of NIDDM in the Pacific island population of Western Samoa over a 13-year period. Diabetes Care 1994;17:288-96.
15. Hodge AM, Dowse GK, Toelupe P, Collins VR, Imo T, Zimmet PZ. Dramatic increases in the prevalence of obesity in Western Samoa over the 13 year period 1978-1991. Int J Obesity 1994;18:419-29.
16. WHO Study Group. Diabetes mellitus. WHO Tech Rep Ser 1985;No 727.
17. Rosenbaum M, Nicolson M, Hirsch J, Heymsfield SB, Gallagher D, Chu F, et al. Effects of gender, body composition, and menopause on plasma concentrations of leptin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81:3424-7.
18. Soeldner JS, Slone D. Critical variables in radioimmunoassay of serum insulin using the double antibody technique. Diabetes 1965;14:771-9.
19. Norusis MJ. SPSS PC+ 4.0 for the IBM PC/XT/AT and PS/2. Chicago: SPSS, 1990.
20. Ogawa Y, Masuzaki H, Isse N, Okazaki T, Mori K, Shigemoto M, et al. Molecular cloning of rat obese cDNA and augmented gene expression in genetically obese Zucker fatty (fa/fa) rats. J Clin Invest 1995;96:1647-52.
21. Bouchard C, Deprés J-P, Tremblay A. Exercise and obesity. Obesity Research 1993;1:133-47.
22. MacDougald OA, Hwang C-S, Fan H, Lane MD. Regulated expression of the obese gene product (leptin) in white adipose tissue and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995 92:9034-7.
23. Cusin I, Sainsbury A, Doyle P, Rohner-Jeanrenaud F, Jeanrenaud B. The ob gene and insulin. A relationship leading to clues to the understanding of obesity. Diabetes 1995;44:1467-70
24. Saladin R, De Vos P, Guerre-Millo M, Leturque A, Girard J, Staels B, et al. Transient increase in obese gene expression after food intake or insulin administration. Nature 1995;377:527-9.
25. Schwarz MW, Baskin DG, Bukowski TR, Kuijper JL, Foster D, Lasser G, et al. Specificity of leptin action on elevated blood glucose levels and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y gene expression in ob/ob mice. Diabetes 1996;45:531-5.
26. Weigle DS, Bukowski TR, Foster DC, Holdermans S, Kramer JM, Lasser G, et al. Recombinant ob protein reduces feeding and body weight in the ob/ob mouse. J Clin Invest 1996;96:2065-70.
27. Hamilton BS, Paglia D, Kwan AY, Deitel M. Increased obese mRNA expression in omental fat cells from massively obese humans. Nature Med 1995;1:953-6.
28. Lönnqvist F, Arner P, Nordfors L, Schalling M. Overexpression of the obese (ob) gene in adipose tissue of human subjects. Nature Med 1995;1:950-3.