Interpreting rupture in oral memory: The regioal context for changes in western Serengeti age organization (1850-1895)

Journal of African History

Volumn 44, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 385-412

  Shetler, Jan Bender ^a  

^a GOSHEN COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

Eastern Africa; Ethnicity; Oral narratives

Indexed keywords

ETHNICITY; MEMORY; NINETEENTH CENTURY; ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORK;

AFRICA; EAST AFRICA; SERENGETI; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; TANZANIA;

EID: 1042298045     PISSN: 00218537     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0021853703008491     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Peter Schmidt, Historical Archaeology (Westport, 1978);
2. Renée Louise Tantala, 'The early history of Kitara in Western Uganda: process models of religious and political change' (Ph.D. thesis, University of Wisconsin, 1989);
3. Iris Berger, Religion and Resistance: East African Kingdoms in the Precolonial Period (Tervuren, 1981);
4. Sarah Nuttall and Carli Coetzee (eds.), Negotiating the Past: The Making of Memory in South Africa (Cape Town, 1998).
5. Steven Feierman, The Shambaa Kingdom: A History (Madison, 1974);
6. Karin Barber and P. F. de Moraes Farias, Discourse and its Disguises: The Interpretation of African Oral Texts (Birmingham, 1989).
7. Paul Connerton, How Societies Remember (Cambridge, 1989);
8. History and Theory, theme issue: History Making in Africa, ed. B. Jewsiewicki and V. Y. Mudimbe, 32 (1993).
9. Helge Kjekshus, Ecology Control and Economic Development in East African History: The Case of Tanganyika, 1850-1950 (Athens, 1977);
10. James Leonard Giblin, The Politics of Environmental Control in Northeastern Tanzania, 1840-1940 (Philadelphia, 1992).
11. Paul Spencer, 'Age systems and modes of predatory expansion', in Eisei Kurimoto and Simon Simonse (eds.), Conflict, Age and Power in North East Africa: Age Systems in Transition (Athens OH, 1998), 172.
12. R. Waller, 'Economic and social relations in the central Rift Valley: the Maa-speakers and their neighbors in the nineteenth century', in Bethwell A. Ogot (ed.), Kenya in the 19th Century (Nairobi, 1985), 116, 120.
13. Henry A. Fosbrooke, 'Sections of the Masai in Loliondo area' (Dar es Salaam, 1953);
14. John G. Galaty, 'Maasai expansion in the new East African pastoralism', in Thomas Spear and Richard Waller (eds.), Being Maasai: Ethnicity and Identity in East Africa (Athens OH, 1993), 72.
15. Institute for Swahili Research, Zamani Mpaka Siku Hizi (Dar es Salaam, 1930; revised ed., 1962), 44-6;
16. Naval Staff Geographical Section of the Naval Intelligence Division, Admirality, A Handbook of German East Africa (London, 1920), 98-9;
17. Richard D. Waller, 'Tsetse fly in western Narok, Kenya', Journal of African History, 31 (1990), 81-101;
18. James Giblin, 'Trypanosomiasis control in African history: an evaded issue?', Journal of African History, 31 (1990), 59-80.
19. me année (1905), 133.
20. David F. Clyde, History of the Medical Services of Tanganyika (Dar es Salaam, 1962), 29.
21. David Lee Schoenbrun, 'Early history in Eastern Africa's Great Lakes Region: linguistic, ecological, and archaeological approaches, ca. 500 BC. to ca. AD. 1000' (Ph.D. thesis, University of California, 1990), 156-7, 182-204;
22. Christopher Ehret, Southern Nilotic History: Linguistic Approaches to the Study of the Past (Evanston, 1971);
23. Stanley H. Ambrose, 'Archaeology and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa', in Christopher Ehret and Merrick Posnansky (eds.), The Archaeological and Historical Reconstruction of African History (Berkeley, 1982), 110.
24. R. F. Gray, 'Sonjo lineage structure and property', in R. F. Gray and P. H. Gulliver (eds.), The Family Estate in Africa: Studies in the Role of Property in Family Structure and Lineage Continuity (London, 1964), 231-62,
25. Gray, The Sonjo of Tanganyika: An Anthropological Study of an Irrigation Based Society (London, 1963).
26. A. O. Anacleti, 'Serengeti: its people and their environment', Tanzania Notes and Records, 81/2 (1977), 33;
27. A. Odhiambo Anacleti, 'Pastoralism and development: economic changes in pastoral industry in Serengeti 1750-1961' (M.A. thesis, University of Dar es Salaam, 1975), 14-15.
28. John Lawrence Berntsen, 'Pastoralism, raiding, and prophets: Maasailand in the nineteenth century' (Ph.D. thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1979), 112-43, 172, 224.
29. Jan Vansina, Oral Tradition as History (Madison, 1985), 124-9;
30. Thomas Spear, Kenya's Past: An Introduction to Historical Method in Africa (Harlow, 1981), 46-54.
31. Christopher Wrigley, Kingship and State: The Buganda Dynasty (Cambridge, 1996),
32. Elizabeth Tonkin, Narrating our Pasts: The Social Construction of Oral History (Cambridge, 1992),
33. David William Cohen and E. S. Atieno Odhiambo, Siaya: The Historical Anthropology of an African Landscape (Athens OH, 1989);
34. Isabel Hofmeyr, 'We Spend Our Years as a Tale That is Told:' Oral Historical Narrative in a South African Chiefdom (Portsmouth NH, 1993);
35. Akhil Gupta and James Ferguson (eds.), Culture, Power, Place: Explorations in Critical Anthropology (Durham NC, 1997).
36. Gunter Schlee, 'Gada systems on the meta-ethnic level: Gabbra/Boran/Garre interactions in the Kenyan/Ethiopian borderland', in Kurimoto and Simonse (eds.), Conflict, Age and Power, 121-4.
37. Richard Waller, 'Ecology, migration, and expansion in East Africa', African Affairs, 84 (1985), 347-70.
38. R. G. Abrahams, 'Aspects of Labwor age and generation grouping and related systems', in P. T. Baxter and Uri Almagor (eds.), Age, Generation and Time: Some Features of East Africa Age Organisations (New York, 1978), 37-8.
39. Otto Bischofberger, The Generation Classes of the Zanaki (Tanzania) (Fribourg, 1972),
40. M. J. Ruel, 'Kuria generation classes', Africa, 32 (1962), 14-36.
41. Steven Feierman, Peasant Intellectuals: Anthropology and History in Tanzania (Madison, 1990).
42. E. C. Baker, 'System of government: extracts from a report by R. S. W. Malcolm', Musoma District Books, General Meeting at Musoma, 2/6/1919.
43. David Schoenbrun, A Green Place, A Good Place: Agrarian Change, Gender, and Social Identity in the Great Lakes Region to the l5th Century (Portsmouth NH, 1998), 176.
44. P. Haimati and P. Houle, 'Mila na Matendo ya Wangoreme', unpublished mimeo, Iramba Mission, 1969.
45. John Iliffe, A Modern History of Tanganyika (Cambridge, 1979), 75-7, 163-7.
46. Oscar Baumann, Durch Massailand zur Nilquelle: Reisen und Forschungen der Massai-Expedition, des deutschen Antisklaverei-Komite in den Fahren 1891-1893 (Berlin, 1894), 56.
47. Paul Kollmann, The Victoria Nyanza: The Land, the Races and their Customs, with Specimens of Some of the Dialects (London, 1899), 177-8.
48. R. T. K. Skully, 'Fort sites of East Bukusu, Kenya', Azania, 4 (1969), 105-14;
49. R. T. K. Skully, 'Nineteenth century settlement sites and related oral traditions from the Bungoma area, Western Kenya', Azania, 14 (1979), 81-96.
50. Richard F. Burton, The Lake Regions of Central Africa: A Picture of Exploration, 11 (London, 1860), 81-96.
51. H. Cory, 'Land tenure in Bukuria', Tanganyika Notes and Records, 23 (1947), 70-9.
52. Eisei Kurimoto, 'Resonance of age-systems in southeastern Sudan', in Kurimoto and Simonese (eds.), Conflict, Age and Power, 29.
53. Heinrich (Gouverneur) Schnee, Deutsches Kolonial-Lexikon (3 vols.) (Leipzig, 1920), 1, 121, 679-81.
54. T. Wakefield, 'Native routes through the Masai country, from information obtained by the Rev. T. Wakefield', Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society, n.s., 4 (1882), 742-7.
55. Kirsten Alsaker Kjerland, 'Cattle breed; shillings don't: the belated incorporation of the abaKuria into modern Kenya' (Ph.D. thesis, University of Bergen, 1995), 123;
56. M. Weiss, Die Volkerstamme im Norden Deutsche-Ostafrikas (Berlin, 1910);
57. Magoiga Masubo Seba, Ibicha Bigikuria Gukurua Ko Mooka Go 1904 (Kuria Pictures from 1904) (Kehancha, 1988).
58. John Lamphear, 'Aspects of "becoming Turkana": interactions and assimilation between Maa- and Ateker-speakers', in Spear and Waller (eds.), Being Maasai, 94-5;
59. Bill Bravman, Making Ethnic Ways: Communities and their Transformations in Taita, Kenya, 1800-1950 (Portsmouth NH, 1998).
60. Kaori Kawai, 'Women's age categories in a male dominated society: the case of the Chamus of Kenya', in Kurimoto and Simonese (eds.), Conflict, Age and Power, 147-52.
61. Marcia Wright, Strategies of Slaves and Women: Life Stories from East and Central Africa (New York, 1993).
62. Eva Tobisson, Family Dynamics among the Kuria: Agro-Pastoralists in Northern Tanzania (Goteborg, 1986), 89;
63. Margaret Jean Hay, 'Local trade and ethnicity in Western Kenya', Economic History Review, 2 (1975), 7-12.
64. Juhani Koponen, Development for Exploitation: German Colonial Policies in Mainland Tanzania, 1884-1914 (Helsinki, 1994), 649-53;
65. Hugo Huber, Marriage and Family in Rural Bukwaya (Tanzania) (Fribourg, 1973), 16;