MR imaging of cerebral activation performed with a gradient-echo technique at 1.5 T: Sources of activation signals

American Journal of Roentgenology

Volumn 167, Issue 5, 1996, Pages 1277-1281

  Kim, Jae Hyoung ^a   Shin, Taemin ^a   Kim, Jae Soo ^a   Kim, Hyung Jin ^a   Chung, Sung Hoon ^a  

^a Gyeongsang National University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BRAIN BLOOD FLOW; BRAIN FUNCTION; BRAIN MAPPING; BRAIN METABOLISM; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; IMAGE QUALITY; MICROVASCULATURE; MOTOR CORTEX; NORMAL HUMAN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PHLEBOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SIGNAL PROCESSING; TECHNIQUE;

EID: 10344235184     PISSN: 0361803X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2214/ajr.167.5.8911195     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Moseley ME, Glover GH. Functional MR imaging: capabilities and limitation. Neuroimaging Clin North Am 1995;5:161-191
2. Connelly A, Jackson GD, Frackowiak RSJ, Belliveau JW, Vargha-Khadem F, Gadian DG. Functional mapping of activated human primary cortex with a clinical MR imaging system. Radiology 1993;188:125-130
3. Thompson RM, Jack CR, Butts K, et al. Imaging of cerebral activation at 1.5 T: optimizing a technique for conventional hardware. Radiology 1994;190:873-877
4. Ogawa S, Lee T-M, Nayak AS, Glynn P. Oxygenation-sensitive contrast in magnetic resonance image of rodent brain at high magnetic field. Magn Reson Med 1990;14:68-78
5. Duyn JH, Moonen CTW, van Yperen GH, de Boer RW, Luyten PR. Inflow versus deoxyhemoglobin effects in BOLD functional MRI using gradient echoes at 1.5 T. NMR Biomed 1994; 7:83-88
6. Turner R, Jezzard P, Wen H, et al. Functional mapping of the human visual cortex at 4 and 1.5 tesla using deoxygenation contrast EPI. Magn Reson Med 1993;29:277-279
7. Frahm J, Merboldt KD, Hanicke W, Kleinschmidt A, Boecker H. Brain or vein: oxygenation or flow on signal physiology in functional MRI of human brain activation. NMR Biomed 1994;7:45-53
8. Haacke FM, Hopkins A, Lai S, et al. 2D and 3D high resolution gradient echo functional imaging of the brain: venous contribution to signal in motor cortex studies. NMR Biomed 1994;7:54-62
9. Menon RS, Ogawa S, Tank DW, Ugurbil K. 4 tesla gradient recalled echo characteristics of photic stimulation-induced signal changes in the human primary visual cortex. Magn Reson Med 1993;30:380-386
10. Lai S, Hopkins AL, Haacke EM, et al. Identification of vascular structures as a major source of signal contrast in high resolution 2D and 3D functional activation imaging of the motor cortex at 1.5 T: preliminary results. Magn Reson Med 1993;30:387-392
11. Jack CR, Thompson RM, Butts RK, et al. Sensory motor cortex: correlation of presurgical mapping with functional MR imaging and invasive cortical mapping. Radiology 1994;190:85-92
12. Belle V, Delon-Martin C, Massarelli R, et al. Intracranial gradient-echo and spin-echo functional MR angiography in humans. Radiology 1995;195:739-746
13. Phelps ME, Kuhl DE, Mazziotta JC. Metabolic mapping of the brain's response to visual stimulation: studies in humans. Science 1981;211:1445-1448
14. Fox PT, Mintun MA, Raichle ME, Miezin FM, Allman JM, Van Essen DC. Mapping human visual cortex with positron emission tomography. Nature 1986;323:806-809
15. Prichard J, Rothman D, Novotny E, et al. Lactate rise detected by 1H NMR in human visual cortex during physiologic stimulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991;88:5829-5831
16. Fox PT, Raichle ME. Focal physiological uncoupling of cerebral blood flow and oxidative metabolism during somatosensory stimulation in human subjects. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1986; 83:1140-1144
17. Phelps ME, Mazziotta JC. Positron emission tomography: human brain function and biochemistry. Science 1985;228:799-809
18. Raichle ME. Circulatory and metabolic correlates of brain function in normal humans. In: Plum F, ed. The nervous system: higher functions of the brain. Bethesda, MD: American Physiological Society, 1987:643-674
19. Belliveau JW, Kennedy DN, McKinstry RC, et al. Functional mapping of the human visual cortex by magnetic resonance imaging. Science 1991; 254:716-719
20. Ogawa S, Tank DW, Menon R, et al. Intrinsic signal changes accompanying sensory stimulation: functional brain mapping with magnetic resonance imaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992; 89:5951-5955
21. Frahm J, Merboldt KD, Hanicke W. Functional MRI of human brain activation at high spatial resolution. Magn Reson Med 1993;29:139-144
22. Yousry TA, Schmid UD, Jassoy AG, et al. Topography of the cortical motor hand area: prospective study with functional MR imaging and direct motor mapping at surgery. Radiology 1995; 195:23-29
23. Rao SM, Binder JR, Bandettini PA, et al. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of complex human movements. Neurology 1993;43:2311-2318
24. Rao SM, Binder JR, Hammeke TA, et al. Somatotopic mapping of the human primary motor cortex with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Neurology 1995;45:919-924
25. Yetkin FZ, Mueller WM, Hammeke TA, et al. Functional magnetic resonance imaging mapping of the sensorimotor cortex with tactile stimulation. Neurosurgery 1995;36:921-925