Genetic and environmental influences on the covariation between hyperactivity and conduct disturbance in juvenile twins

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines

Volumn 37, Issue 7, 1996, Pages 803-816

  Silberg, Judy ^a   Meyer, Joanne ^a   Maes, Hermine ^a   Simonoff, Emily ^b   Pickles, Andrew ^b   Rutter, Michael ^b   Hewitt, John ^c   Loeber, Rolf ^d   Eaves, Lindon ^a  

^a VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

Author keywords

Comorbidity; Conduct disturbance; Genetics; Hyperactivity

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; AGE; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR DISORDER; DIZYGOTIC TWINS; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; FEMALE; HEREDITY; HUMAN; HYPERACTIVITY; MALE; MONOZYGOTIC TWINS; NORMAL HUMAN; SCHOOL CHILD; TWINS;

ADOLESCENT; AGE FACTORS; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; CHILD; CHILD BEHAVIOR DISORDERS; COMORBIDITY; DISEASES IN TWINS; ENVIRONMENT; FACTOR ANALYSIS, STATISTICAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYPERKINESIS; LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS; MALE; PHENOTYPE; PREVALENCE; SEX FACTORS; TWINS, DIZYGOTIC; TWINS, MONOZYGOTIC; VIRGINIA;

EID: 10244265949     PISSN: 00219630     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01476.x     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Achenbach, T. M. (1981). The role of taxonomy in developmental psychology. In M. E. Lamb & A. L. Brown (Eds.), Advances in developmental psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 159-198). Hillside, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
2. Angola, A., Prendergast, A., Cox, R., Harrington, E., Simonoff, E. & Rutter, M. (1995). The Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (CAPA). Psychological Medicine, 25, 739-753.
3. August, G. J., Stewart, M. A. & Holmes, C. S. (1983). A four-year follow-up of hyperactive boys with and without conduct disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 143, 192-198.
4. Biederman, J., Faraone, S. V., Keenan, K., Knee, D. & Tsuang, M. T. (1990). Family-genetic and psychosocial risk factors in DSM-III attention deficit disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 29, 526-633.
5. Biederman, J., Munir, K., Knee, D., Wendy, H., Armentano, M., Autor, S., Hoge, S. K. & Waternaux, C. (1986). A family study of patients with attention deficit disorder and normal controls. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 20, 263-274.
6. Biederman, J., Newcorn, J. & Sprich, S. (1991). Comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with conduct, depressive, anxiety, and other disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 564-577.
7. Borland, B. L. & Heckman, H. K. (1976). Hyperactive boys and their brothers: a 25 year follow-up study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 33, 669-675.
8. Cantwell, D. P. (1972). Psychiatric illness in the families of hyperactive children. Archives of General Psychiatry, 27, 414-417.
9. Cantwell, D. (1975). Genetic studies of hyperactive children: Psychiatric illness in biologic and adopting parents. In R. Fieve, D. Rosenthal, & H. Brill (Eds.), Genetic research in psychiatry. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
10. Cantwell, D. P., & Rutter, M. (1994). Classification: conceptual issues and substantive findings. In Rutter, M., Taylor, E., & Hersov, L. (Eds.), Child and adolescent psychiatry: modern approaches (pp. 3-21). Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications..
11. Carey, G. (1986). Sibling imitation and contrast effects. Behavior Genetics, 16, 319-341.
12. Carey, G. (1992). Twin imitation for antisocial behavior: implicatons for genetic and family environment research. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101, 18-25.
13. Caron, C. & Rutter, M. (1991). Comorbidity in child psychopathology: concepts, issues, and research strategies. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 32, 1063-1080.
14. Cloninger, C. R., & Gottesman, I. I. (1987). Genetic and environmental factors in antisocial behavior disorders. In S. A. Menick, T. E. Moffitt, & S. A. Stack (Eds.), Causes of crime: new biological approaches (pp. 92-102). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
15. Cunningham, L., Cadoret, R., Loftus, R. & Edwards, J. E. (1975). Studies of adoptees from psychiatrically disturbed biological parents. British Journal of Psychiatry, 126, 534-539.
16. DiLalla, L. F. & Gottesman, I. I. (1989). Heterogeneity of causes for delinquency and criminality: lifespan perspectives. Developmental Psychopathology, 1, 339-349.
17. Eaves, L. J. (1976). A model for sibling effects in man. Heredity, 36, 205-214.
18. Eaves, L. J. & Eysenck, H. J. (1976). Genetic and environmental components of inconsistency and unrepeatability in twins' responses to a neuroticism questionnaire. Behavior Genetics, 6, 145-160.
19. Eaves, L. J., Silberg, J. L., Hewitt, J. K., Meyer, J. M., Rutter, M. L., Simonoff, E., Neale, M. C., & Pickles, A. (1993a). Genes, personality, and psychopathology: a latent class analysis of liability to symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in twins. In R. Plomin & G. E. McClearn (Eds.), Nature, nurture, and psychology (pp. 285-303). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
20. Eaves, L. J., Silberg, J. L., Hewitt, J. K., Rutter, M., Meyer, J. M., Neale, M. C. & Pickles, A. Analyzing twin resemblance in multi-symptom data: Genetic applications of a latent class model for symptoms of conduct disorder in juvenile twin boys. Behavior Genetics, 23, 5-20.
21. Farone, S. V., Biederman, J., Keenan, K. & Tsuang, M. T. (1991). Separation of DSM-III attention deficit disorder and conduct disorder: evidence from a family-genetic study of American child psychiatric patients. Psychological Medicine, 21, 109-121.
22. Farrington, D. P., Loeber, R., & Van Kammen, W. B. (1990). Long term criminal outcomes of hyperactivity-impulsivity-attention deficit and conduct problems in childhood. In M. L. Rutter & L. Robbins (Eds.), Straight and devious pathways from childhood to adulthood (pp. 63-81). New York: Cambridge University Press.
23. Fergusson, D. M. & Horwood, L. J. (1993). The structure, stability, and correlations of the trait components of conduct disorder, attention deficit, and anxiety, withdrawal reports. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 34, 749-766.
24. Fergusson, D. M., Horwood, L. J. & Lloyd, M. (1991). Confirmatory factor models of attention deficit and conduct disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 32, 257-274.
25. Gillis, J. J., Gilger, J. W., Pennington, B. F. & DeFries, J. C. (1992). Attention deficit disorder in reading - disabled twins: evidence for a genetic etiology. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 20, 303-315.
26. Gittelman, R., Manuzza, A., Shenker, R. & Bonagura, N. (1985). Hyperactive boys almost grown up. I. Psychiatric status. Archives of General Psychiatry, 42, 937-947.
27. Goodman, R. & Stevenson, J. (1989a) A twin study of hyperactivity: I. An examination of hyperactivity scores and categories derived from Rutter teacher and parent questionnaires. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 30, 671-689.
28. Goodman, R. & Stevenson, J. (1989b) A twin study of hyperactivity: II. The aetiological role of genes, family relationships, and perinatal adversity. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 30, 691-709.
29. Graham, P. & Stevenson, J. (1985). A twin study of genetic influences on behavioral deviance. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 24, 33-41.
30. Grove, W. M., Eckert, E. D., Herston, L., Bouchard, T. S. Jr., Segal, N. & Lykken, D. (1990). Heritability of substance abuse and antisocial behavior; a study of monozygotic twins reared apart. Biological Psychiatry, 27, 1293-1304.
31. Heath, A. C. (1990). Structural equation modelling of reciprocal interaction. Behavior Genetics, 20, 724.
32. Heath, A. C., Neale, M. C., Hewitt, J. K., Eaves, L. J. & Fulker, D. W. (1989). Testing structural equation models for twin data using LISREL. Behavior Genetics, 19, 9-36.
33. Hewitt, J. K., Silberg, J. L., Neale, M. C. & Erickson, M. T. (1992). The analysis of parental ratings of children's behavior using LISREL. Behavior Genetics, 22, 293-317.
34. Hinshaw, S. P. (1987). On the distinction between attentional deficits/hyperactivity and conduct problems/aggression in child psychopathology. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 443-463.
35. Klein, R. G. & Manuzza, S. (1991). Long-term outcome of hyperactive children: a review. Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 383-387.
36. Klein, D. N., & Riso, L. P. (1994). Psychiatric disorders: Problems of boundaries and comorbidity. In C. G. Costello (Ed.), Basic issues in psychopathology (pp. 19-66). New York: Guilford Press.
37. Loeber, R., & Keenan, K. (1994). The interaction between conduct disorder and its comorbid conditions: effects of age and gender. Clinical Psychology Review, 14, 492-523.
38. Loney, J., Kramer, J., & Milich, R. S. (1981). The hyperactive child grows up: Predictors of symptoms, delinquency, and achievement at follow-up. In K. D. Gadow & J. Loney (Eds.), Psychosocial aspects of drug treatment for hyperactivity (pp. 381-415). Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
39. Loney, J., Langhorne, J. E. Jr. & Paternite, C. E. (1978). An empirical basis for subgrouping the hyperkinetic/minimal brain dysfunction syndrome. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87, 431-441.
40. Loney, J., Whaley-Klahn, M. A., Kosier, T., & Conboy, J. (1983). Hyperactive boys and their brothers at 21: predictors of aggressive and antisocial outcomes. In K. T. van Dusen & S. A. Mednick (Eds.), Prospective studies of crime and delinquency. Boston: Kluwer-Nijhoff.
41. McGuffin, P. & Thapar, A. (1992). The genetics of personality disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 12-23.
42. Meyer, J. M., Silberg, J. L., Simonoff, E., Kendler, K. S. & Hewitt, J. K. (in press). Virginia twin-family study of adolescent behavioral development: assessing sample biases in demographic correlates of psychopathology. Psychological Medicine.
43. Moffitt, T. E. (1993). Adolescence-limited and life course-persistent antisocial behavior: a developmental taxonomy. Psychological Review, 100, 674-701.
44. Neale, M. C. (1994). MX: Statistical Modeling (2nd ed.). Unpublished manuscript. Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychiatry, Richmond, Virginia.
45. Neale, M. C. & Cardon, L. R. (1992). Methodology for genetic studies of twins and families. London: Kluwer.
46. Neale, M. C. & Stevenson, J. (1989). Rater bias in temperament. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 446-455.
47. Paternite, C. E., & Loney, J. (1980). Childhood hyperkinesis: Relationships between symptomatology and home environment. In C. K. Whalen & B. Henker (Eds.), Hyperactive children: the social ecology of identification and treatment (pp. 105-141). New York: Academic Press.
48. Pauls, L. D., Hurst, C. R., Kruger, S., Leckman, J. F., Kidd, K. K. & Cohen, D. J. (1986). Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome and attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Archives of General Psychiatry, 43, 1177.
49. Rhee, S. H., Waldman, I. D., Hay, D. A. & Levy, F. (1995). Sex differences in genetic and environmental influences on DSM-III-R Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Behavior Genetics, 25, 285.
50. Rutter, M., Tizard, J. & Whitmore, K. (1970). Education, health and behavior. London: Longman.
51. Rutter, M. (1978). Diagnostic validity in child psychiatry. In Advances in biological psychiatry, Vol. 2. Basel: S. Karger.
52. Rutter, M., Macdonald, H., Le Couteur, A., Harrington, R., Bolton, P. & Bailey, A. (1990). Genetic factors in child psychiatric disorders-II. Empirical findings. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 31, 39-83.
53. Sandberg, S. T., Rutter, M. & Taylor, E. (1978). Hyperkinetic disorder in psychiatric clinic attenders. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 20, 279-299.
54. Schachar, R., Rutter, M. & Smith, A. (1981). The characteristics of stiuationally and pervasively hyperactive children: implications for syndrome definition. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 22, 375-392.
55. Silberg, J. L., & Heath, A. C. (1991). The causes of stability of psychiatric symptoms in two adult populations. Paper presented at the International Twin Congress, Rome, Italy.
56. Silberg, J. L., Erickson, M. T., Meyer, J. M., Eaves, L. J., Rutter, M. L. & Hewitt, J. K. (1994). The application of structural equation modelling to maternal ratings of twins' behavioral and emotional problems. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 510-521.
57. Silberg, J. L., Meyer, J. M., Pickles, A., Simonoff, E., Eaves, L. J., Hewitt, J. K., Maes, H., & Rutter, M. L. (1995). Heterogeneity among juvenile antisocial behaviors: Findings from the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development. In G. Brock & J. Goode (Eds), The genetics of criminal and antisocial behaviour (pp. 76-92). New York: John Wiley.
58. Stevenson, J. (1992). Evidence for a genetic etiology in hyperactivity in children. Behavior Genetics, 22, 337-344.
59. Stevenson, J. & Graham, P. (1988). Behavioural deviance in 13-year-old twins: an item analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 5, 791-797.
60. Stewart, M. A., DeBlois, S. & Cummings, C. (1980). Psychiatric disorder in the parents of hyperactive boys and those with conduct disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 21, 283-292.
61. Stewart, M., Mendelson, W. & Johnson, N. (1973). Hyperactive children as adolescents: how they describe themselves. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry and Human Development, 4, 3-11.
62. Szatmari, P., Boyle, M. & Offord, D. R. (1989). ADDH and conduct disorder: degree of diagnostic overlap and differences among correlates. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 28, 865-872.
63. Taylor, E., Schachar, R., Thorley, G., Wieselberg, M., Everitt, B. G. & Rutter, M. (1987). Which boys respond to stimulant medication? A controlled trial of methylphenidate in boys with disruptive behaviour. Psychological Medicine, 17, 121-143.
64. Taylor, E. (1988). Attention deficit and conduct disorder syndromes. In M. Rutter, A. H. Tuma, & I. S. Lann (Eds.), Assessment and diagnosis in child psychopathology (pp. 377-407). Guilford: New York.
65. Taylor, E., Chadwick, O., Heptinstal, E. & Kankaerts, M. (in press). Hyperactivity and conduct problems as risk factors for adolescent development. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.
66. Taylor, E., Sandberg, S., Thorley, G., & Giles, S. (1991). The epidemiology of childhood hyperactivity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
67. Thapar, A., Hervas, A. & McGuffin, P. (1995). Childhood hyperactivity scores are highly heritable and show sibling competition effects: twin study evidence. Behavior Genetics, 25, 537-544.
68. Weiss, G., Hechtman, L., Milroy, T. & Perlman, T. (1985). Psychiatric status of hyperactives as adults: a controlled prospective 15-year follow-up of 63 hyperactive children. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 24, 211-220.
69. Weiss, G., Hechtman, L., Perlman, T., Hopkins, J. & Wener, A. (1979). Hyperactives as young adults. Archives of General Psychiatry, 36, 675-681.
70. Weiss, G., Minde, K., Werry, J., Douglas, V. & Nemeth, E. (1971). Studies on the hyperactive child: five year follow-up. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48, 438-445.
71. Weiss, G., & Hechtman, L. (1986). Hyperactive children grown up. New York: Guilford Press.
72. Welner, Z., Welner, A., Stewart, M., Palkes, H. & Wish, E. (1977). A controlled study of siblings of hyperactive children. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 165, 110-117.
73. Wood, D. R., Reimherr, F. W., Wender, P. H. & Johnson, G. E. (1976). Diagnosis and treatment of minimal brain dysfunction in adults. Archives of General Psychiatry, 33, 1453-1460.